单核细胞增多性李斯特菌的脉冲场凝胶电泳分型研究

用限制性内切酶Sma Ⅰ和Apa Ⅰ分别对21株单核细胞增多性李斯特菌菌株基因组DNA进行酶切,用脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）方法进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明：3株临床分离株（00181、00174和0194）分别存在于亚型A、B、D中;16个单核细胞增多性李斯特菌奶相关和环境分离株主要存在于4个亚型中,其中2个亚型（C、D）均为奶相关分离株（包括原料奶、均质奶（储奶罐）和成品奶分离株）,而加工厂地面污水分离株为独立的一个亚型（A）。     

凝胶过滤法分离纯化大豆蛋白肽

本文采用中性蛋白酶AS1.398水解大豆蛋白,通过正交实验确定最佳水解条件:水解温度、pH值分别为48℃和7.5,底物浓度为5%(W/V),酶用量为6%,酶解时间为4h,此时水解度(DH)达到24.57%。并对水解产物进行脱苦脱色,然后采用超滤以及凝胶过滤色谱法分离分子量1200以下的小肽并收集。     

重组人生长激素在毕赤酵母中的表达研究

通过单因素分析和正交实验法优化高密度发酵培养基和诱导条件,根据优化结果指导发酵罐发酵.得到改良BSM培养基的最佳配比为甘油30g/L、酵母粉14g/L、K2SO4 13g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 11g/L、CaSO4 0.3g/L、PTM1 4.4mL、0.1mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(pH＝6.5);得到摇瓶培养最佳诱导条件为种龄24h,诱导时间30h,甲醇浓度2%,pH6.3～6.9.瑞士Bioengineering公司L1523型发酵罐发酵结果显示,细胞光密度(OD600)达到294,rHGH表达量最高达到0.54g/L.     

Mapping of the class II region of the human major histocompatibility complex by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

The class II region of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) encodes a polymorphic set of cell surface glycoproteins involved in the regulation of the immune response. Each glycoprotein is a heterodimer composed of a alpha-chain of relative molecular mass (Mr) 34,000 (34 K) and a beta-chain of Mr = 28K. The products of the class II region have been characterized by the mixed lymphocyte reaction, serology, primed lymphocyte typing and DNA cloning. DR, DQ and DP, three subregions containing both alpha- and beta-chains, and two additional loci, DZ alpha and DO beta, locate this gene cluster on the short arm of chromosome 6. The precise genomic organization of these loci have been difficult to determine. Here we describe the use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis together with restriction endonucleases having few genomic restriction sites and Southern blotting, to determine the order of the subregions and to derive a map for the human class II region. The order of these loci is similar to that of the homologous loci in the murine class II region. Our study establishes the use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in mapping large regions of the genome in higher eukaryotes.     

Re-routing of a secretory protein by fusion with human growth hormone sequences

Cells with electron-dense secretory vesicles use them to store only specialized secretory products such as peptide hormones; other types of secreted proteins are externalized by an alternative, constitutive route. One possible mechanism for such segregation is that proteins destined for dense secretory vesicles contain unique 'sorting domains' that allow for selective targeting. Here, we set out to determine whether a constitutively secreted protein could be diverted to the dense secretory vesicles by attachment to a peptide hormone sequence. We made use of the ability of the mouse pituitary tumour cell, AtT-20, to correctly sort exogenous secretory proteins introduced into them by DNA transfection. We constructed a plasmid encoding a hybrid protein in which a constitutively secreted viral protein was fused to the carboxy terminus of human growth hormone (hGH). Cells expressing the hybrid protein were found to target it to dense secretory vesicles with an efficiency close to that observed for the parental hGH. These results support the hypothesis that sorting domains on peptide hormones direct their packaging into dense secretory vesicles. The results also suggest that proteins secreted by the constitutive pathway either do not contain any sorting domain, or their sorting signals can be overridden by those which direct peptide hormones.     

Abnormal pattern detected in fragile-X patients by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

The fragile-X syndrome is the most frequent inherited form of mental retardation, with an incidence of 1 in 1,500 males. It is characterized by the presence of a fragile site at Xq27.3 induced in vitro by folate deprivation or by inhibitors of deoxynucleotide synthesis. Its mode of inheritance is unusual for an X-linked trait, with incomplete penetrance in both males and females. Some phenotypically normal males transmit the mutation to all their daughters who rarely express any symptoms, but penetrance is high in sons and daughters of these carrier women. Genetic and physical mapping of the Xq27-q28 region has confirmed that the disease locus is located at or very near the fragile site. Hypotheses proposed to account for the abnormalities in the inheritance of the disease include sequence rearrangements by meiotic recombination or a mutation that affects reactivation of an inactive X chromosome during differentiation of female germ cells. To detect such rearrangements, or methylation changes that may reflect a locally inactive X chromosome, we used pulsed-field gel analysis of DNA from fragile-X patients with probes close to the fragile-X locus. The probe Do33 (DXS465) detected abnormal patterns in fragile-X patients, but not in normal controls or in non-expressing male transmitters.     

木霉菌的形态学和可溶性蛋白质电泳鉴定与分类

对61株来自不同植物根际的木霉菌（Trichoderma spp.)进行了形态学鉴定,其中哈茨木霉菌（Trichoderma harzianum)有47株,绿色木霉菌（Tricoderma viride)10株,康宁木菌（Trichoderma koningii)和绿色木霉菌（Trichoderma virens)分别为两株,对这些菌株进行了可溶性蛋白质电泳分析,并采用UPGMA选取和类分析,结果表明,将距离系数D＝13.8作为聚类分析阈值,61个菌株可分为A,B,C三个组,距离系数D＝9．1时,A组可分为A1,A2,A3,A4,A5五个亚组,A组包括47株哈茨木霉菌,是主要成员。此外A组还有8株绿色木霉菌,两株绿木霉菌和一株康宁木霉菌,B组只有一株绿色木霉菌,C组由一株绿色木霉菌和一株康宁木霉组成,表明木霉菌具有明显的形态学多样性,而哈茨木霉是存在种下分类群,还发现蛋白质电泳分类结果与菌株的地缘有关。     

Conformational dynamics of individual DNA molecules during gel electrophoresis

Gel electrophoresis is widely used in molecular biology to separate DNA molecules according to their sizes. The physical basis of this size separation is, however, poorly understood. Here we report observations of individual, fluorescently stained DNA molecules as they migrate during various kinds of gel electrophoresis. Their movement, under the influence of either a steady electric field or a pulsed-field, is characterized by cycles of elongation and contraction. Initially relaxed coils of DNA lengthen into 'hook-shaped' configurations which temporarily 'hang-up' on obstacles in the gel matrix before sliding off, contracting and entering another cycle. The effects of a new electrophoresis technique, termed 'pulse-oriented electrophoresis', which allows the effective angle of the electric field, and hence the molecular orientation of DNA, to be varied without electrode rearrangement, are also studied. In this case the DNA adopts a 'staircase' configuration showing that the net orientation in a direction is given by the vector sum of the pulses used.     

十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的实验教学改进

在本科生物化学实验教学中,为减少有机溶剂的使用,同时缩短实验时间,作者对SDS-PAGE的脱色过程进行改进,使用0.5mol/L NaC l代替含挥发性有机溶剂做脱色液,取得了良好的实验效果。     

Analysis of fibroblast proteins from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common and severe form of the muscular dystrophies, is an X-linked inborn error of metabolism with multiple tissue involvement. Although the major pathological changes are observed in skeletal muscle, abnormalities have also been detected in the heart, nervous system, red blood cells, lymphocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts. For many reasons, such as readily available tissue material, fewer secondary changes and the potential for prenatal diagnosis, cultured skin fibroblasts should be the tissue of choice to search for the primary defect. Several abnormalities have been reported in DMD fibroblasts, suggesting that the genetic abnormality is expressed in these cells. To search for potentially mutant protein(s) we have compared the protein composition of normal and DMD fibroblasts by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and have now found one protein spot consistently missing in DMD cells. The nature of this protein and its relation to the DMD gene are unknown.