轨道对称性在分子高次谐波取向依赖中的作用

分子高次谐波的研究结果表明,由于分子的各向异性,分子表现出的谐波特征决定于分子的最高占据轨道,分子产生高次谐波的特征可以通过分子轴取向和激光极化方向的角度依赖关系来进行研究。分子轨道对称性在分子的强场现象中具有很重要的作用,谐波的强度由分子最高占据轨道对称性影响下的电离几率振幅而决定,这一结果将来可以更好的控制高次谐波的产生。     

个体发育过程中生物体的熵

本文主要讨论了生物体个体发育过程中的熵和熵产生率的一般变化规律，给出了生物体在任一发育时刻ｔ的熵以及ｔ－ｔ＋Δｔ时间内熵为的近似计算方法。结果表明，个体发育过程中生物体的料和熵产生率既不能过大也不能过小，而是要和个体发育各个时期的发育水平相适应。     

考虑乘客旅程扰动的不正常航班恢复研究

由于恶劣天气、航空管制、机械故障等原因导致的不正常航班,不仅影响航空公司的正常运营,也会造成乘客的利益损失.为减小损失,采用优化算法研究不正常航班恢复问题,从乘客角度出发,考虑乘客旅程的连续性和完整性构建航班恢复模型,并提出一种网络理论算法,即改进的时间段(time-band)算法进行模型求解的优化,得到航班选择与交换的过程,根据算例结果证明了模型与算法的实用性与有效性.     

菱在个体发育中的形态变化

菱科仅有一个菱属,在国外文献中,过去都把它记载为:“沉水叶、对生、羽裂、根状”,但作者经过多年观察研究,认为它实际上是托叶的变态,是由沉浸水中的托叶伸长而边缘增厚,产生许多小瘤状生长点生长发育而成,着生在真正沉水叶的叶根两侧。本文详细描述了上述发育过程并加以讨论。     

用MATLAB-Simulink模拟简谐振动的合成

利用MATLAB软件内嵌的Simulink工具箱中的正弦函数发生器(Sine Wave)、示波器(Scope)、加运算(Add)以及双踪示波器(XY Graph)四个模块对简谐振动的合成进行了模拟,观察了"拍"现象和李萨如图形。得到的"拍"现象符合"准简谐"振动的特点,并且在模拟过程中能够清晰观察到李萨如图形中轨迹的运行方向,加深学生对振动合成问题的理解,并且使学生对MATLAB-Simulink工具箱有初步的认识。     

应用Ansoft软件进行雷达高度表设计仿真

对雷达高度表进行了理论分析,给出了Ansoft Serenade仿真的模块框架,并用Ansoft对发射机进行了仿真,仿真结果表明设计的雷达高度表达到指标要求,运行稳定,可靠。     

频率涨落线性谐振子在简谐激励下的随机共振

研究了线性谐振子在固有频率存在白噪声的情况下受到简谐激励后的系统输出响应.计算出一阶矩的解析表达式后发现:输出响应是简谐振动,振动频率是激励力的频率,振幅随简谐激励力频率和固有频率的变化均出现随机共振.     

太行山猕猴个体发育与昆明猕猴的比较

本文对８０只太行猕猴的活体测量资料进行分析，结果表明：第Ⅳ组雄性个体明显大于雌性个体，各测量值在第Ⅱ或第Ⅲ组增长幅度最大，这一规律与昆明猕一致，但有些指标发育最快的时期，较昆明猴提前一个年龄组；太行山猕猴除尾长、前臂长低于昆明猴外，其它多数指标都明显高于同年龄组，同性别昆明猴的测量值，太行山猃猕在个体发育和形态学上表现出的特点可能与环境适应有关。     

An asymmetric distribution of positrons in the Galactic disk revealed by gamma-rays

Gamma-ray line radiation at 511 keV is the signature of electron-positron annihilation. Such radiation has been known for 30 years to come from the general direction of the Galactic Centre, but the origin of the positrons has remained a mystery. Stellar nucleosynthesis, accreting compact objects, and even the annihilation of exotic dark-matter particles have all been suggested. Here we report a distinct asymmetry in the 511-keV line emission coming from the inner Galactic disk ( approximately 10-50 degrees from the Galactic Centre). This asymmetry resembles an asymmetry in the distribution of low mass X-ray binaries with strong emission at photon energies >20 keV ('hard' LMXBs), indicating that they may be the dominant origin of the positrons. Although it had long been suspected that electron-positron pair plasmas may exist in X-ray binaries, it was not evident that many of the positrons could escape to lose energy and ultimately annihilate with electrons in the interstellar medium and thus lead to the emission of a narrow 511-keV line. For these models, our result implies that up to a few times 10(41) positrons escape per second from a typical hard LMXB. Positron production at this level from hard LMXBs in the Galactic bulge would reduce (and possibly eliminate) the need for more exotic explanations, such as those involving dark matter.     

Differentiation of the asteroid Ceres as revealed by its shape

The accretion of bodies in the asteroid belt was halted nearly 4.6 billion years ago by the gravitational influence of the newly formed giant planet Jupiter. The asteroid belt therefore preserves a record of both this earliest epoch of Solar System formation and variation of conditions within the solar nebula. Spectral features in reflected sunlight indicate that some asteroids have experienced sufficient thermal evolution to differentiate into layered structures. The second most massive asteroid--4 Vesta--has differentiated to a crust, mantle and core. 1 Ceres, the largest and most massive asteroid, has in contrast been presumed to be homogeneous, in part because of its low density, low albedo and relatively featureless visible reflectance spectrum, similar to carbonaceous meteorites that have suffered minimal thermal processing. Here we show that Ceres has a shape and smoothness indicative of a gravitationally relaxed object. Its shape is significantly less flattened than that expected for a homogeneous object, but is consistent with a central mass concentration indicative of differentiation. Possible interior configurations include water-ice-rich mantles over a rocky core.     

Molecular operations of the sodium-calcium exchanger revealed by conformation currents

The sodium-calcium exchanger is critical in the normal functioning of many cells. In heart muscle, it is the principal way by which the cells keep the concentration of intracellular calcium low, pumping out the Ca2+ that enters the cytosol through L-type Ca2+ channels. The exchanger may also contribute to the triggering of Ca2+ release during voltage-activated excitation-contraction coupling in heart. Time resolved examination of the conformational changes of macromolecules in living cells has so far been largely restricted to ion-channel proteins whose gating is voltage-dependent. We have now directly measured electrical currents arising from the molecular rearrangements of the sarcolemmal Na-Ca exchanger. Changes in the conformation of the exchanger protein were activated by a rapid increase in the intracellular calcium concentration produced by flash photolysis of caged calcium in voltage-clamped heart cells. Two components of membrane current were produced, reflecting a calcium-dependent conformational change of the transporter proteins and net transport of ions by the exchanger. The properties of these components provide evidence that the Na-Ca exchanger protein undergoes two consecutive membrane-crossing molecular transitions that each move charge, and that there are at least 250 exchangers per micron 2 turning over up to 2,500 times per second.     

Biosignatures as revealed by spectropolarimetry of Earthshine

Low-resolution intensity spectra of Earth's atmosphere obtained from space reveal strong signatures of life ('biosignatures'), such as molecular oxygen and methane with abundances far from chemical equilibrium, as well as the presence of a 'red edge' (a sharp increase of albedo for wavelengths longer than 700?nm) caused by surface vegetation. Light passing through the atmosphere is strongly linearly polarized by scattering (from air molecules, aerosols and cloud particles) and by reflection (from oceans and land). Spectropolarimetric observations of local patches of Earth's sky light from the ground contain signatures of oxygen, ozone and water, and are used to characterize the properties of clouds and aerosols. When applied to exoplanets, ground-based spectropolarimetry can better constrain properties of atmospheres and surfaces than can standard intensity spectroscopy. Here we report disk-integrated linear polarization spectra of Earthshine, which is sunlight that has been first reflected by Earth and then reflected back to Earth by the Moon. The observations allow us to determine the fractional contribution of clouds and ocean surface, and are sensitive to visible areas of vegetation as small as 10 per cent. They represent a benchmark for the diagnostics of the atmospheric composition, mean cloud height and surfaces of exoplanets.     

严重飞行事故频数的灰色马尔柯夫预测

根据严重飞行事故发生频数具有趋势性和随机波动性的特点,本文采用将GM(1,1)模型与马尔柯夫预测技术相结合的联合预测方法,进行严重飞行事故频数的趋势性分析和状态预测,收到了良好的预测效果。