意外撞击和冲击波作用下气瓶的动态响应分析

基于任意拉格朗日多物质流-固耦合算法,对空气采用ALE网格,对炸药采用JWL状态方程,分析了爆炸冲击波单独作用和高速子弹与冲击波联合作用下高压气瓶的动态响应.结果表明,在冲击波作用下气瓶应力急剧上升,气瓶出现屈服并发生屈曲,爆心距瓶体越近,气瓶受冲击波的影响越大;联合作用时应力相互叠加使得气瓶应力值比单独作用时有明显增大,变形相对于高速撞击和爆炸波单独作用显著增加,塑性变形区域变大,破坏程度更加明显.     

铝合金框架结构的弹体穿击损伤特性

针对直升机机身框架易受子弹弹击导致损伤问题,有必要开展机身铝合金框架结构的子弹穿击损伤特性研究.基于ABAQUS软件平台,采用修正后的Johnson-Cook模型,建立机身铝合金框架弹伤冲击的显示动力学模型,研究子弹弹头倾角和子弹材料等参数对铝合金框架的损伤特性影响.结果 表明:弹头倾角影响子弹穿透能力,但该影响存在临界值,到达临界值前,子弹穿透能力随着倾角的减小而增大;到达临界值后,继续减小倾角不再增大穿透能力;同时随着倾角的减小,框架的损伤面积先增大后减小,倾角为45°时损伤面积最大.子弹材料影响子弹的强度和刚度,影响子弹的穿透能力和破坏能力,计算结果表明铜质子弹的穿透能力大于钢质子弹,钢质子弹破坏能力大于铜质子弹.     

基于接触理论的弹体偏航机理

为了从本质上揭示弹体偏航作用机理,在已有弹塑性接触模型的基础上,运用接触理论和撞击理论,推导了接触刚度和恢复系数,建立了弹体与异形体弹塑性碰撞的宏观本构关系。进一步导出了弹体与异形体碰撞的攻角和角速度表达式,计算分析了弹头与异形体曲率半径比、弹体命中速度及入射角等因素对弹体攻角和角速度的影响规律。结果表明,异形体曲率半径越大,弹体攻角和角速度越大;弹体攻角随速度增大而减小,而角速度随速度增大而增大。     

弹体垂直侵彻混凝土靶体的柱形空腔膨胀理论分析

采用统一强度理论作为混凝土材料的屈服准则,根据柱形空腔膨胀理论求得了混凝土靶体在弹体垂直侵彻下的空腔膨胀压力和空腔膨胀速度的关系,给出了柱形空腔膨胀条件下卵形弹体侵彻靶体深度的理论计算公式,求出了弹体以400～1100m/s的速度撞击混凝土靶体的侵彻深度,通过和试验结果比较,表明提出的模型具有一定的合理性.进一步研究还表明,统一强度理论参数b、弹体质量和弹头形状对侵彻深度均有影响,b=0时侵彻深度较大,b=1时侵彻深度较小;弹体质量越大或弹头越尖,侵彻深度越大.     

TC4钛合金平板高速撞击损伤及弹道极限特性

为研究高速撞击下TC4钛合金平板的损伤行为和弹道极限特性,首先利用空气炮和LS-DYNA软件对直径25.4 mm钢弹高速正撞击3 mm厚TC4钛合金平板的过程进行了实验和仿真分析研究,得到TC4钛合金平板的损伤结果和弹道极限速度;并基于实验结果验证了有限元模型的准确性。然后利用有限元方法进一步分析了平板厚度、撞击角度和弹头形状对TC4钛合金平板撞击损伤及弹道极限特性的影响。研究结果表明:平板厚度越大,弹丸撞击角度越小,平板的弹道极限速度越大;而弹丸直径相同时,弹头形状对薄板的弹道极限速度有一定影响;此外,平板厚度、撞击角度及弹头形状对平板的撞击损伤形式有较大影响。     

“子弹打木块”模型中一个问题的证明

“子弹打木块”是力学中常用而重要的物理模型.讨论和研究这类问题对于深刻理解物理概念、熟练掌握力学规律、提高解决实际问题的能力都有积极意义.现有这样一个问题:一块木块静置于光滑水平桌面上,一颗速度较大的水平飞行的子弹击中并穿透木块,因而使木块具有一定的动能.假定子弹受木块阻力的大小与子弹飞行速度大小无关,那么木块获得的动能与子弹的入射速度有何关系?对此通常有三种考虑:1.子弹的入射速度越大,它对木块的“撞击力”就越大,从而使木块获得的动能就越大.2.子弹的入射速度越大,它在木块中穿行的时间就越短,即对木块加速的时间越短,从而使木块获得的速度(动能)越小.3.既然木块对子弹的阻力大小与子弹的入射速度大小无关,木块获得的动能也就与子弹的入射速度无关.     

子弹旋转对平板高速撞击损伤的影响

子弹在作战状态下往往伴随着高速的旋转,为了研究子弹的旋转对平板高速撞击响应的影响,构建了旋转子弹侵彻平板的计算模型,根据相关实验结果确定了合理的材料参数,研究了子弹在不同转速、不同入射速度下侵彻不同厚度平板的撞击响应差异性。研究结果表明,在保证子弹的入射速度相同的前提下,不同转速的旋转子弹撞击较薄平板的变形模式差异性比撞击较厚平板的变形模式差异性大;子弹的旋转速度越高,其侵彻后的剩余速度越大,但子弹撞击平板的撞击载荷受子弹转速的影响却不明显;在不考虑温度的情况下,子弹以相同速度撞击平板时,能量耗散量基本不随子弹转速变化。     

动能拦截器对子母弹头毁伤行为数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法对直接碰撞动能拦截器毁伤子母式化学有效载荷行为进行了数值模拟.结果表明,子母式化学有效载荷毁伤效果显著受碰撞位置和碰撞角影响,碰撞位置为弹头几何中心或两层子弹分界面时,子弹毁伤率明显提高.碰撞角存在最佳范围,且随碰撞位置的不同而变化.撞击子母弹前部,小角度情况下毁伤效果较好,而中部和后部,则在垂直撞击情况下毁伤效果较好.基于数值模拟结果,获得了碰撞角和碰撞部位对毁伤效果的影响规律,为中段动能反导毁伤评估、选择合理的拦截方式和动能拦截优化设计提供了依据.      

滚石柔性防护网耗能规律数值模拟

从滚石运动轨迹确定出发,基于数值模拟方法对云南省澜沧江沿岸某在建桥梁桥址区滚石高发边坡进行滚石滚落数值模拟,确定滚石运动特征。基于获得的滚石运动特征,使用Ls-dyna对滚石撞击柔性防护结构响应进行分析,获得拦石网动态响应特征。分析结果表明：滚石运动特征与边坡形式及覆盖层特征相关,在模拟假设条件下,与滚石质量相关性并不明显;重点关注的3个撞击参数拦石网最大变形、冲击力峰值和接触时间均表现出与撞击速度和滚石半径较好的线性相关性;柔性防护网在对不同半径滚石撞击下表现出明显的＂子弹效应＂,小半径滚石穿透拦石网所需动能明显小于大半径滚石。     

当前网络售卖枪支特点及比动能影响因素分析

目的通过对当前网络枪支的检测,分析影响枪支比动能的因素及不同认定标准对当前枪支认定结果的影响,为枪支认定标准的讨论修改提供一定的数据支持。研究中抽取网络枪支229支,采用标准方法对枪支、子弹的参数及子弹枪口速度等进行测量,计算比动能。结果 229支网络枪支中,比动能超过1. 8 J/cm2占98. 7%,超过16J/cm2占69%。平均比动能排在前3位的是钢笔式火药枪、发射铅弹的气瓶类长枪、发射钢珠的气瓶类长枪。是否具有气瓶是气枪中影响比动能大小的重要因素。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-