自动化技术、计算机技术手术制孔机器人研究进展

传统手术制孔是由医生操作辅助制孔装置,对医生的专业技能与经验积累有很高的要求,同时制孔精度与手术安全性不高。自动制孔技术可以保证手术制孔的安全与精度,缩短手术时间。骨骼制孔过程中,骨骼与钻头的连续摩擦会引起热积累,当温度超过临界值时会导致骨骼发生热坏死。如果钻头超过预设深度就会对骨头周围血管、肌肉及神经造成严重损伤。热积累控制和突破控制研究是保证手术制孔机器人安全操作的关键。研究表明,骨骼发生热坏死的临界温度为47℃,旋转超声骨骼制孔结合金刚石磨粒刀具的方式可以将制孔温度控制在40℃。骨骼制孔突破控制主要通过力/力矩、位置、声发射功率谱检测和神经网络分类等方法实现,其中通过力/力矩检测实现突破控制的效果最佳。在骨骼制孔过程中,还会产生钻削振动,因此对手术制孔机器人常用的振动控制方式进行了分析研究,并总结了其他有待进一步解决的问题并展望了未来的研究方向。     

基于位置内环的骨骼服力控制方法

讨论一种基于位置内环的力控制方法,并将其应用于骨骼服的控制之中。首先,基于系统的静态模型建立骨骼服的位置控制内环,再采用多维力/力矩传感器测量操作空间中人作用于骨骼服的力/力矩信息,构造位置内环的参考输入信号,形成力控制外环,并对人体负荷情况下的蹲起动作进行仿真实验。研究结果表明:该方法无需系统精确的动态模型,就能控制骨骼服跟随人体运动,并保持人体对骨骼服的作用力最小;所设计的控制器是有效的,并对环境变化和负荷变化具有较强的鲁棒性。     

血管介入微创手术机器人系统控制研究

医生在进行血管介入手术过程中需要实时的X射线图像引导,而长时间的射线辐射会严重危害医生的健康.为了减小介入医生在手术过程中受到的辐射伤害,该文研究了一款基于双主手控制的血管介入微创手术机器人系统,并对其整体框架和控制方法进行研究.医生可通过上位机界面交互,进行主从遥操作,驱动从端机构完成介入手术操作.最后进行了血管模型试验,验证了该文的介入手术机器人具备多器械协同递送的功能.     

基于力传感器的机器人变导纳控制人机交互策略

为了实现物理人机交互中手术机器人的姿态柔顺调整,该文提出了一种基于变导纳的机器人控制方案.人机交互操作必须对操作者非常直观,其主要难点在于感知周围的环境与人类的意图,并对它们做出充分、直观和安全的反应.为提高系统的直观性,该文提出的变导纳控制策略是基于力/力矩传感器来推断操作者意图,通过结合UR5机器人进行相关实验来验证该算法的性能.结果表明:基于变导纳的机器人控制方案能够满足人机交互操作中对姿态柔顺调整的需求.     

小孔钻削加工自适应控制

本文介绍了一种用单片机探制的小型台钻,它可以实现小孔钻削加工自适应控制.应用装在钻床夹具与工作台之间的测扭、测力压电日用品体传感器,同时测量轴向力与扭矩的变化值,根据所测扭矩、轴向力大小调整钻削进给量,控制钻头轴向进退及排屑,从而保证小孔、深孔的加工效率与可靠性.     

具有线性位置解的3-CRU并联机器人轨迹跟踪

针对现有单一的线性伺服控制时机器人运动平台的跟踪轨迹精度较差的问题,基于前馈力矩补偿和滑模变结构控制相结合的控制策略,对具有线性位置解的3-CRU并联机器人的轨迹跟踪进行了相关研究．采用拉格朗日方程建立了该机器人的包含建模误差和外部干扰的动力学模型并辨识了机器人的动力学参数,设计了在线性伺服控制基础上前馈力矩补偿与滑模变结构控制相结合的控制策略．通过实验对比,证明采用上述控制策略不仅提高了机器人动平台的轨迹跟踪精度,而且增强了机器人系统的鲁棒性．同时,线性的位置正解方程这一特性使得机器人驱动滑块的位置误差传递到运动平台上不会呈指数型累积增长,从结构上保证了机器人运动平台的轨迹精度．     

基于动力学模型的工业机器人导纳控制研究

提出了一种基于动力学模型的导纳控制算法,用来实现机器人末端力和位置的柔顺控制,可以在速度模式下控制机器人运动,以保证无外力接触时的轨迹跟踪精度.首先,根据牛顿-欧拉法建立机器人动力学模型;然后,通过粒子群算法辨识动力学模型参数,得到完整的动力学模型;在此基础上,计算机器人末端位置误差和外力,利用设计的导纳控制器实现机器人的柔顺控制,用Matlab的Simulink仿真模块验证了基于动力学模型导纳控制的有效性和可靠性.仿真结果表明:机器人末端没有与环境接触时,具有较高的跟踪精度;与环境接触时,机器人末端会产生位置误差和外力,从而实现机器人的柔顺控制.     

小孔钻削加工自适应控制

本文介绍了一种用单片机探制的小型台钻，它可以实现小孔钻削加工自适应控制．应用装在钻床夹具与工作台之间的测扭、测力压电日用品体传感器，同时测量轴向力与扭矩的变化值，根据所测扭矩、轴向力大小调整钻削进给量，控制钻头轴向进退及排屑，从而保证小孔、深孔的加工效率与可靠性．     

位置/力的自学习混合控制及其应用

综合了Raibert和Craig提出的机器人位置/力的Hybrid Control及Yoshikawa提出的机器人动态混合控制算法的基本思想,针对作业环境及其力学扰动难以辨识及机构振动等问题,提出了基于机器人装配作业的PI自学习混合控制方法,并根据此方法实现了三自由度机器人的圆柱二维插入作业。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地实现机器人的销孔装配作业并抑制或缓冲机构的振动现象。     

精确力控制的学习曲线和效果转移

为了研究被试者输出特定目标力的精度,以及输出精确力能力的转移效果,对6个被试者进行了3个力控制训练。训练过程中,被试者两手分别操作1台力反馈设备,用右手按压虚拟墙输出目标力,左手感受来自设备的振动反馈。实验结果表明,经过一次完整的触觉任务训练后,被试者对目标力的控制精度有显著提高。随着训练次数的增加,力控制绝对精度提高不明显,但绝对误差精度的偏差逐渐减小。训练结束后,在没有振动反馈的情况下,被试者输出1 N操作力的平均水平为（0．96±0．06）N。在随后进行的模拟牙科探诊实验结果表明,当操作工具和材料发生改变时,被试者的力控制能力仍然能够保持训练后的精度水平,为最终实现训练效果的转移提供了依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with