B超诊断肝脾肾多发性囊肿1例

患者男，53岁。因上腹部不适一月余就诊。查体时发现肝脾肿大建议行B超检查。B超显示：左半肝长度95mm，左半肝前后径62mm，右半肝前后径152mm，肝实质内布满大小不等的无回声暗区，最大约为62×63mm，正常肝组织几乎看不到。脾脏厚度68mm，内可见多个大小不等无回声区，最大约45×49mm。双肾形态失常，大小无法测量，双肾内见多个大小不等的无回声暗区，内回声均匀，边界清晰。超声提示：多囊肿、多囊脾、多囊肾。讨论：多囊肿、多囊脾、多囊肾是一种先天性多囊性疾病，女性发病较多，生长缓慢，大多数长期无明显症状。随着年龄增长，肝、…     

阴道B超检测绝经后子宫出血妇女子宫内膜厚度的临床价值66例分析

为了探索早期发现子宫内膜病变的无创伤性诊断方法,我们对66例绝经后子宫出血妇女诊刮术前用阴道B超检测子宫内膜厚度,并与诊刮术后子宫内膜病理检查结果进行对照性分析,以评估阴道B超检测绝经后子宫出血妇女内膜厚度的临床价值.     

左侧多囊肾一例报告

多囊肾是肾曲管和集合管的连接部分在胚胎发生过程中有障碍时,可因液体的潴留而发生单个囊肿或多个囊肿。在临床上除多囊肾极大时方可引起症状一般无明显症状,在临床上和放射科发现的多囊肾常为双侧,根据文献报导85%以上为双侧多囊肾,常常在婴幼儿时期发现,也常常因肾功能严重衰竭死亡。多囊肾在临床上很少见,而单侧多囊肾仅占多囊肾的     

声像图查出右肾上腺腺癌一例报告

肾上腺腺癌多发生于肾上腺皮质。肾上腺体积小,位置特殊,临床上难于发现它的病变,一但出现明显症状常为晚期病例。由于B超的临床应用,提高了早期诊断该病的准确性。木文报告一例无任何临床表现,体检时B超检出,并经手术病理证实为右肾上腺腺癌。     

外伤性脾破裂超声诊断临床分析

目的：探讨B超检查对脾破裂的诊断率与临床应用价值．方法：对33例B超诊断脾破裂与术后发现进行对照分析，经手术证实与其完全相符．结果：B超检查准确率为95．2％．结论：B超对脾破裂能够做出明确诊断，并能发现损伤的轻重程度及其它合并伤，直观、简单、准确率高．     

超声诊断119例宫外孕的临床分析

目的 探讨经腹部超声诊断宫外孕的价值.方法 对119例官外孕患者做腹部B超检查,并经手术及病理证实.结果 腹部B超诊断为宫外孕的患者98例,符合率82.4%.误诊6例,占5.1%,漏诊15例,占12.7%.结论 经腹部B超检查早期诊断宫外孕,对临床治疗起指导意义.     

超声诊断119例宫外孕的临床分析

目的探讨经腹部超声诊断宫外孕的价值。方法对119例宫外孕患者做腹部B超检查,并经手术及病理证实。结果腹部B超诊断为宫外孕的患者98例,符合率82.4%。误诊6例,占5.1%,漏诊15例,占12.7%。结论经腹部B超检查早期诊断宫外孕,对临床治疗起指导意义。     

直立性调节障碍48例临床分析

直立性调节障碍是儿科常见病,病因尚不十分清楚。本文对48例直立性调节障碍患儿,进行临床分析及脑血管彩色B超(简称TCD)等检查,结果发现本病与心脑血管调节功能障碍有关。早期诊断、调节与改善心脑血管功能的治疗,预后良好。     

结肠癌的X线、B超与内镜检查对比分析

本文经 X 线、B 超与内镜检查,结合活检及手术病理,确诊结肠癌120例,其中12例属早期癌。X 线诊断符合率83%(100/120),内镜诊断符合率97%(110/120)。B 超诊断符合率67%(80/120),另外 B 超对108例中晚期结肠癌,周围脏器转移灶检出率为60%(65/108)。总结了各种影像检查方法的优缺点,分析了误诊、漏诊原因,有助于结肠癌的早期诊断。强调将结肠双对比造影作为常规首选方法。     

妇女病普查宫颈糜烂临床分析

妇女病普查普治是具有社会效益的一项保健工作，为了搞好妇女保健工作，我院每年都对城区内已婚妇女进行全身系统检查，如B超，红外光乳腺扫描，肝功、心电、放射，妇查等，在普查中主要以妇科检查为重点，从2002年3月至2003年3月，共普查2400人，其中妇科检查人数约1960次，查出妇科患病人数513人，其中发病率较高的宫颈炎312例，其中宫颈糜烂273例，宫颈肥大22例，宫颈腺体囊肿12例，宫颈息肉5例，阴道炎130例，滴虫性阴道炎80例，霉菌阴道炎50例，盆腔炎68例，性病5例，可疑宫颈癌3例，B超提示；子宫肌瘤6例，卵巢囊肿5例，多囊肾2例，现将273例宫颈糜烂发现情况进行分析：     

基于超声散斑的HIFU监控B超图像配准

 高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）治疗系统中B超监控图像由于存在伪像和噪声而很难实现图像配准,给靶区定位带来了困难,基于此,提出利用基于超声散斑的相位相关对B超图像进行配准并验证其可行性。首先,根据超声散斑原理和散斑伪随机性,在Matlab 7.0软件环境下,利用基于超声散斑的相位相关对从B超图像中提取出散斑图像进行配准,根据得出的位移值配准对应的B超图像;其次,为了与基于超声散斑的图像配准进行对比,对B超图像进行直接相位相关配准;最后,观察配准结果并进行相似度测定。结果显示,基于超声散斑的相位相关算法能够实现对存在伪像和噪声的B超图像的配准,具有较高的精确性和鲁棒性,优于对B超图像直接相位相关算法;同时也验证了基于超声散斑配准B超图像的可行性。     

Co-assembly of polycystin-1 and -2 produces unique cation-permeable currents

The human kidney is composed of roughly 1.2-million renal tubules that must maintain their tubular structure to function properly. In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) cysts develop from renal tubules and enlarge independently, in a process that ultimately causes renal failure in 50% of affected individuals. Mutations in either PKD1 or PKD2 are associated with ADPKD but the function of these genes is unknown. PKD1 is thought to encode a membrane protein, polycystin-1, involved in cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions, whereas the PKD2 gene product, polycystin-2, is thought to be a channel protein. Here we show that polycystin-1 and -2 interact to produce new calcium-permeable non-selective cation currents. Neither polycystin-1 nor -2 alone is capable of producing currents. Moreover, disease-associated mutant forms of either polycystin protein that are incapable of heterodimerization do not result in new channel activity. We also show that polycystin-2 is localized in the cell in the absence of polycystin-1, but is translocated to the plasma membrane in its presence. Thus, polycystin-1 and -2 co-assemble at the plasma membrane to produce a new channel and to regulate renal tubular morphology and function.     

The cells and logic for mammalian sour taste detection

Mammals taste many compounds yet use a sensory palette consisting of only five basic taste modalities: sweet, bitter, sour, salty and umami (the taste of monosodium glutamate). Although this repertoire may seem modest, it provides animals with critical information about the nature and quality of food. Sour taste detection functions as an important sensory input to warn against the ingestion of acidic (for example, spoiled or unripe) food sources. We have used a combination of bioinformatics, genetic and functional studies to identify PKD2L1, a polycystic-kidney-disease-like ion channel, as a candidate mammalian sour taste sensor. In the tongue, PKD2L1 is expressed in a subset of taste receptor cells distinct from those responsible for sweet, bitter and umami taste. To examine the role of PKD2L1-expressing taste cells in vivo, we engineered mice with targeted genetic ablations of selected populations of taste receptor cells. Animals lacking PKD2L1-expressing cells are completely devoid of taste responses to sour stimuli. Notably, responses to all other tastants remained unaffected, proving that the segregation of taste qualities even extends to ionic stimuli. Our results now establish independent cellular substrates for four of the five basic taste modalities, and support a comprehensive labelled-line mode of taste coding at the periphery. Notably, PKD2L1 is also expressed in specific neurons surrounding the central canal of the spinal cord. Here we demonstrate that these PKD2L1-expressing neurons send projections to the central canal, and selectively trigger action potentials in response to decreases in extracellular pH. We propose that these cells correspond to the long-sought components of the cerebrospinal fluid chemosensory system. Taken together, our results suggest a common basis for acid sensing in disparate physiological settings.     

超声对急性坏疽性胆囊炎的早期诊断(附20例病例分析)

目的 :探讨急性坏疽性胆囊炎的早期超声图像特点及其对临床诊断、治疗的意义。方法 :回顾2 0例经手术病理证实的急性坏疽性胆囊炎早期超声图像特点及临床表现并进行分析研究。结果 :急性坏疽性胆囊炎的早期超声图像特点为 :胆囊极度肿大 ,宽径比长径增大更明显 ,胆囊张力极高 ;胆囊壁增厚、粗糙 ,可发生局限性增厚 ,胆囊与肝之间有条索状的细的液性暗区 ,胆囊内有稠厚的胆汁或脓汁 ,多数伴有胆囊结石、慢性胆囊炎。结论 :超声检查对急性坏疽性胆囊炎早期诊断有重要的价值 ,可对术前急性胆囊炎程度评估提供重要参考     

一种心肌应变图的快速绘制方法

灰度B超图显示心脏的解剖结构,应变图可反映心肌的力学信息。心肌应变图与心脏灰度B超图混叠显示,有助于观察各阶段心肌组织的形态学及力学上的变化。提出一种心肌彩色应变图覆盖到心脏灰度B超图的快速绘制方法,即整体映射方法。采用Sonix RP超声系统扫描正常成年男性心脏6 s,保存左心室长轴的超声射频信号,经过重建灰度B超图像、计算位移图及应变图、勾画心肌的区域、彩色编码应变值等处理步骤,将心肌应变图整体映射到心脏灰度B超图上相应的位置,完成灰度B超图与彩色应变图混叠显示。实验结果:该方法绘制时间短,心肌勾画区域为1×10~6个像素点时,彩色应变图的绘制时间约为0.24 s,心肌勾画区域为4×10~6个像素点时,彩色应变图的绘制时间约为2.4 s。说明提出的心肌应变图的整体映射绘制方法,费时少,可以用于实现实时观察心肌的形状和弹性信息。     

灰色B型关联分析

本文剖析了事物发展过程的相似性与相近性,给出了B型关联度定义,讨论了B型关联度的基本性质;同时阐明了B型关联分析的一般过程.     

A polycystic kidney-disease gene homologue required for male mating behaviour in C. elegans.

The stereotyped mating behaviour of the Caenorhabditis elegans male is made up of several substeps: response, backing, turning, vulva location, spicule insertion and sperm transfer. The complexity of this behaviour is reflected in the sexually dimorphic anatomy and nervous system. Behavioural functions have been assigned to most of the male-specific sensory neurons by means of cell ablations; for example, the hook sensory neurons HOA and HOB are specifically required for vulva location. We have investigated how sensory perception of the hermaphrodite by the C. elegans male controls mating behaviours. Here we identify a gene, lov-1 (for location of vulva), that is required for two male sensory behaviours: response and vulva location. lov-1 encodes a putative membrane protein with a mucin-like, serine-threonine-rich amino terminus followed by two blocks of homology to human polycystins, products of the autosomal dominant polycystic kidney-disease loci PKD1 and PKD2. LOV-1 is the closest C. elegans homologue of PKD1. lov-1 is expressed in adult males in sensory neurons of the rays, hook and head, which mediate response, vulva location, and potentially chemotaxis to hermaphrodites, respectively. PKD-2, the C. elegans homologue of PKD2, is localized to the same neurons as LOV-1, suggesting that they function in the same pathway.     

基于模糊集与区域生长算法的胎儿下腔静脉血管超声分割

本方研究了胎儿下腔静脉血管在B型超声图像中的分割问题.B型超声使用方便,在临床中有广泛使用,但其图像有噪声多、对比度差的缺陷.为了有效地在B型超声图像中分割血管,提出了一种基于模糊集与区域生长算法的分割算法;该算法预先使用模糊集算法处理,以提高图像对比度;并使用基于梯度改进的自适应区域生长算法进行分割.实验以医生的手工分割结果作为金标准,并与阈值分割和水平集算法进行了对比.实验表明,该方法的准确度和稳定性高于阈值分割和水平集分割方法结果.     

母牦牛的繁殖力及其提高途径

系统阐述了母牦牛的繁殖力及营养、季节和遗传等因素对母牦牛初情期、发情率及犊牛成活率的影响，论述了牦牛诱导发情的研究动态及应用前景．最后提出目前能有效地提高牦牛繁殖力的途径是采用冬季补饲（青干草加少量精料）、诱导发情和防止近交等综合技术措施