废旧聚苯乙烯合成溴代聚苯乙烯研究

用废旧聚苯乙烯(PS),以二氯甲烷为溶剂,还原铁粉为催化剂合成了阻燃剂溴代聚苯乙烯(BPS)。并用FT-IR、TG、DSC对产物的结构与性能进行了研究．实验结果表明聚苯乙烯的苯环发生了二溴代或三溴代,合成溴代聚苯乙烯的最佳条件是40～60℃,以还原铁粉为催化剂用量为5phr,聚苯乙烯的质量百分浓度为5％～8％,含溴可达60％以上．     

溴代聚苯乙烯的合成

以商品级的聚苯乙烯为原料,工业级二氯甲烷为溶剂,三氯化铝为催化剂,采用直接溴化法合成了线型高分子量的阻燃剂——溴代聚苯乙烯。其溴的含量是58％～61％,产率为86％～91％。     

原子转移自由基聚合合成聚（苯乙烯—g—丙烯酸丁酯）

以线型氯甲基化聚苯乙烯（ＰＳ－ＣＨ２Ｃｌ）为大分子引发剂,引发丙烯酸丁酯原子转移自由基聚合,合成了聚苯乙烯－丙烯酸丁酯接枝共聚物［Ｐ（Ｓ－ｇ－ＢＡ）］。ＰＳ－ＣＨＣｌ是由ＰＳ通过氯甲基化反应合成,ＰＳ链上－ＰｈＣＨ２Ｃｌ的分布是统计均匀。建立了该接枝共聚物的纯化方法,纯化后接枝共聚物的接枝效率可达９６．５％。用ＧＰＣ跟了大分子引发剂在本体中的引发和接枝反应过程。研究结果表明,反应速率对单体浓度呈一     

共混复合胶乳及其胶膜性能的研究

用批量法合成了聚苯乙烯，聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＰＭＭＡ）、聚丙烯酸丁酯（ＰＢＡ）均聚乳液，以及Ｐ（ＢＡ－Ｓｔ）和Ｐ（ＢＡ－ＭＭＡ）共聚乳液。实验发现极性相近的ＰＢＡ和ＰＭＭＡ乳液可以很好地混合，而极性相差较大的ＰＢＡ和ＰＳｔ乳液则必须在ＰＳｔ具液中补加乳化剂后方能混合均匀。     

Friedel－Crafts反应合成无规支化聚苯乙烯及其支化结构表征

将阴离子聚合所得窄分布聚苯乙烯（ｄ＜１．１）在无水ＺｎＣｌ＿２催化下以氯甲醚对其进行氯甲基化（Ｃ１％＜１．５），再用自制无水ＡｌＣｌ＿３作催化剂，使氯甲基化聚苯乙烯（ＣＭＰＳ）发生大分子链间的Ｆｒｉｅｄｅｌ－Ｃｒａｆｔｓ反应，一步合成主链与支链等长的无规支化聚苯乙烯（ＡＢＰＳ）．研究了支化反应条件及支化结构，实验表明，反应条件：Ｔ＝４０～４５Ｃ、Ｃ＿（ＣＭｐＳ）＝０．１～０，１５ｇ·Ｍｌ￣（－１）、Ｃ＿（ｃａｔ）＝０．０５～０．１ｇ·ｍｌ￣（－１）、ｔ＞ｌ２ｈ达到良好的支化效果，支化臂数为１～２０．     

生物酶促反应合成（S）—苯基—2—2丙醇

（Ｓ）－苯砜－２－丙醇不仅具有抗胆甾脂的活性，而且还是一个非常有用的手性合成子。用自制的溴代丙酮与苯亚磺酸钠反应合成基丙酮砜，然后在面包酵母的作用下还原生成（Ｓ）－苯砜－２－丙醇，并对于干酵母及酵母培养液两反应方法进行了研究。它们具有操作简便、光学产率高等优点，其化学产率大于８０％，光学产率达到９５％。     

聚苯乙烯撑的光致和电致发光特性

采用Ｗｅｓｓｌｉｎｇ合成路线制备聚苯乙烯撑［Ｐｏｌｙ（ｐ－ｐｈｅｎｙｌｅｎｅｖｉｎｙｌｅｎｅ）］，测定了它的荧光发射和荧光激发光谱，得知其Ｓ＿１→Ｓ＿０跃迁能为２．３３９ｅＶ．制备了ＩＴＯ－ＰＰＶ－ＡＩ模型发光二极管，测得了它的电致发光谱，并发现了一些有意义的新现象．     

有机镍均相催化剂固相化研究

将聚苯乙烯用乙酰氯酰化成聚乙酰基苯乙烯（Ｖ），（Ｖ）溴化为聚溴乙酰基苯乙烯（Ⅵ），（Ⅵ）与三苯膦成聚化三苯膦乙酰基苯乙烯（Ⅶ），（Ⅶ）脱化氢成聚三苯膦亚甲基甲酰苯乙烯（Ⅷ）、（Ⅷ）在三苯膦存在下与双（１，５－环辛二烯）合镍配位，将（苯甲酰亚甲基二苯膦基）（苯基）（三苯膦基）合镍（Ｉ）这一结构以双基配位方式固载到聚苯乙烯上，得到聚（苯甲酰亚甲基二苯膦代乙烯基）（苯基）（基苯膦基）合镍（ＩＸ），经对１     

（E,E）—8—溴代香叶醛的合成

（Ｅ，Ｅ）－８－溴代香叶醛是合成西松烯内酯的重要中间体．对其合成方法进行了比较深入的研究，得到了在产率和立体化学上都较好的方法．反应以香叶醇为原料，经酰化、烯丙位氧化、溴代、水解和氧化５步反应得到（Ｅ，Ｅ）－８－卤代香叶醛，收率３５％．     

聚苯乙烯支载缩乙二醇冠醚的合成及催化性能

通过聚苯乙烯树脂与冠醚二苯并－１８－冠－６间接枝一种含有（－ＣＨ２ＣＨ２Ｏ－）醚链的缩乙二醇（乙二醇,一缩二乙二醇,二缩三乙二醇,三缩四乙二醇）。合成了四种聚苯乙烯支载缩乙二醇二苯并－１８－冠－６的高聚物支载冠醚,均可作用相转移催化剂。聚苯乙烯支载缩二醇二苯并－１８－冠－６催化ｎ－溴辛烷与钾及苯酚钾的取代反应时,活性较未支载二苯并－１８－冠－６为高。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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