棕色田鼠联会复合体与染色体轴的观察

采用低渗、滴片和硝酸银染色技术,对棕色田鼠的联会复合体和减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体轴的形成过程及其两者问的关系进行了分析研究。结果表明:联会复合体起始于偶线期,成熟于粗线期,于早双线期到中双线期解体;而中期Ⅰ染色体轴是在晚双线期才开始形成。二者之间存在一个无任何轴性结构的时期。联会复合体与中期Ⅰ染色体轴是减数分裂染色体中先后出现的两种不同的轴性结构。     

黄瓜根尖体细胞同源染色体的联合现象

对黄瓜根尖体细胞有丝分裂过程中同源染色体的联合现象进行了研究。结果发现，黄瓜体细胞有丝分裂前期末，7对同源染色体以体细胞联合的方式粘附于核仁周围，随着核仁解体，细胞分裂才进入前中期。这一实验结果表明，黄瓜体细胞中存在的同源染色体间的联合现象是前期核仁消失前一个特定的阶段，是一个正常的生物学现象。     

多裂叶荆芥有丝分裂过程观察及核型分析

为确定多裂叶荆芥有丝分裂过程及核型情况,以唇形科植物多裂叶荆芥(Nepeta multifida(L.)Briq)为材料,采用常规压片制片法进行多裂叶荆芥有丝分裂过程观察,并对有丝分裂中期染色体进行核型分析研究。结果表明:多裂叶荆芥在有丝分裂间期→前期核膜先消失,继而核仁消失;在后期→末期核膜的形成早于核仁。有丝分裂中期染色体核型公式为2n=2x=12=12sm(2SAT),其中第2对染色体短臂具随体。多裂叶荆芥所有染色体均为亚中部着丝粒染色体,核型类型为2A型,属于基本对称型。     

家蚕染色体研究

采用家蚕品种781、7532、7532×781为材料,经改进染色体制片方法,得到以缢痕为标志特征和一定长度的胚胎体细胞中期染色体,完成了家蚕中期染色体相对长度的计算和核型分析;并将中期染色体和雌蚕粗线期染色体的相对长度进行了统计学分析,结果发现:中期染色体相对长度,家蚕品种7532×781与781、7532无显著性差异,品种781与7532之间少数染色体有显著性差异,粗线期染色体相对长度,在3个品种间无显著性差异,粗线期染色体与中期染色体的相对长度不完全一致.     

棕色田鼠精母细胞中联会复合体的研究

以表面铺展法制备棕色田鼠精母细胞联会复合体标本，经硝酸银染色作电镜观察．结果表明，在减数分裂前期 Ｉ Ｘ 和 Ｙ 染色体的形态和行为同常染色体有明显差异； Ｘ Ｙ 染色体的配对起始于早粗线期，成熟于中粗线期，在晚粗线期先于常染色体解联会； Ｘ 染色体未配对区域自身折叠，形成发夹状结构     

雌核发育高背鲫成熟分裂前期的细胞学研究

雌核发育的高背鲫，成熟分裂前期共经历了细线期、偶线期、凝线期、粗线期和双线期５个发育阶段，显示出第一次减数分裂的基本特征．但也存在一些差异，表现在偶线期染色体可能没有正常配对，进入粗线期在等长上全面发生了分离，以致双线期没有交叉和二价体灯刷染色体形成．这些差异是前期的一种改变，是雌核发育高背鲫由第一减数分裂前期演变成没有同源染色体分离，而只有一次姐妹染色体分开的一种己有的成熟分裂机制     

棕色田鼠精母细胞中联会复合体的研究

以表面铺展法制备棕色田鼠精母细胞联会复合体标本，经硝酸杂色作电镜观察，结果表明，在减数分裂前期ＩＸ和Ｙ染色体的形态和行为同常染色体有明显差异；ＸＹ染色体的配对起始于早精线期，成熟于中一期，在晚粗线期先于常染色体解地；Ｘ染然水与对区自身折叠，形成发夹状结构。     

家蚕染色体的C-带及其扫描电镜的初步研究

以家蚕早期胚为材料，对有丝分裂染色体进行了C-带的研究以及扫描电镜的观察．结果表明大多数分裂相都显示染色体上有C-带，其中4条染色体上常有C-带深染；性染色体中Z染色体亚端部普遍显示有C-带．表明家蚕染色体C-带可能属于非着丝粒型C-带，与其弥散型着丝粒理论相辅．     

中华涡蛛（Octonoba sinensis）的核型

报道了中华涡蛛的染色体数目，形态结构和性染色体组成，实验材料采自石家庄郊区交园。细胞学数据主要来自对胚胎细胞有丝分裂中期的观察。实验结果表明：中华涡蛛的染色体数目是；雄性体细胞为１７，雌性体细胞为１８。性别决定机制是ＸＯ型，Ｘ染色体是全部染色体中最长的一个，并且是唯一的亚中着丝粒染以体，其常染色体均为端或亚端着丝粒染色体。     

长喙毛莨泽泻双受精过程的细胞学观察

对长喙毛莨 泽泻双受精过程进行了细胞学观察，结果表明，开花前３小时已可观察到花粉管进入胚囊，开花前２小时至开花后８小时，大部分雌，雄性核发生融合，合子内的雌、雄性核仁可以融合，以一个大核仁的形式进入分裂期，但核仁正在融合或尚未开始融合的合子同样可以进入分裂期。初生胚乳核内的核仁存在３种情况，即３个核仁或者不融合，或者精子核仁与珠孔端极核核仁融合，或者３个核仁融合成一个大核仁，配子融合属于有丝分裂前     

“降落伞”核的演变和大核原基的发育

应用DAPI荧光染色术对冠突伪尾柱虫有性生殖过程中两种结构演化最复杂的核现象进行了观察。在“降落伞”的形成并向第一次成熟分裂中期转变期间,“伞盖”和“重物”染色质团之间自始至终由DNA荧光丝状物相联,“重物”染色质团随着“伞盖”部染色质丝缩短变粗而逐渐变小,并在中期染色体形成的同时消失。为解释上述演变过程,在讨论中提出了一个细胞学动态模型。在大核原基的发育过程中,于染色体多线化之前先由染色质丝转变为短杆状染色体。这些染色体移向核的一极,然后从一端开始解螺旋并向核的另一极伸展。在此期间,可以观察到某些染色体成双存在。     

Chromosomal clustering of muscle-expressed genes in Caenorhabditis elegans

Chromosomes are divided into domains of open chromatin, where genes have the potential to be expressed, and domains of closed chromatin, where genes are not expressed. Classic examples of open chromatin domains include 'puffs' on polytene chromosomes in Drosophila and extended loops from lampbrush chromosomes. If multiple genes were typically expressed together from a single open chromatin domain, the position of co-expressed genes along the chromosomes would appear clustered. To investigate whether co-expressed genes are clustered, we examined the chromosomal positions of the genes expressed in the muscle of Caenorhabditis elegans at the first larval stage. Here we show that co-expressed genes in C. elegans are clustered in groups of 2-5 along the chromosomes, suggesting that expression from a chromatin domain can extend over several genes. These observations reveal a higher-order organization of the structure of the genome, in which the order of the genes along the chromosome id correlated with their expression in specific tissues.     

论中国第四纪冰期与间冰期

李四光教授在庐山划分出三个冰期与两个间冰期,后来加上晚更新世的大理冰期,为四个冰期三个间冰期。李承三教授继而在四川西北部山区划分出五个冰期与四个间冰期。孙殿卿教授等后来在河北省泥河湾划分出六个冰期与五个间冰期。景才瑞等也曾在庐山与鄂西高原地区划分出四个冰期与三个间冰期。学者们比较公认的为：鄱阳冰期、鄱阳－大姑间冰期、大始冰期、大姑－庐山间冰期、庐山冰期、庐山－大理间冰期与大理冰期。目前处在冰后期。     

籽瓜种子生长发育规律的研究

对内蒙古地区有代表性的4个籽瓜品种种子的生长发育进行了研究，将籽瓜种子的生育期划分为胚形期、胚熟期、乳熟期和完熟期4个时期．胚形期与完熟期种子干物质增长缓慢，胚熟期与乳熟期种子干物质增长迅速．胚熟期、乳熟期是提高种子产量和质量的关键时期．     

C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther, 1873

The C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of the metaphase chromosomes of Cynoglossus semilaevis are reported. The interstitial regions in all chromosomes including the pair of sex chromosomes had positive C-bands, and the 6th and 12th pairs of chromosomes were entirely stained in most cases. Some chromosomes such as the 1st, 2nd, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th pairs showed C-bands at centromeric or distal ends. The C-banding heretochromatin occupies 30.03% of the total chromosome surface in C. semilaevis, which is similar to that of amphibians such as Mixophyes fasciolatus (30.2%) and M. schevilli (20.7%), but is rather lower than that of cephalochordate Branchiostoma belcheri (54.3%). Silver staining revealed a single pair of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) located in the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2. The association of NORs with heterochromatin observed in vertebrates also occurs in C. semilaevis as the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2 are always stained positively with C-banding.     

C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther, 1873

The C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of the metaphase chromosomes of Cynoglossus semilaevis are reported. The interstitial regions in all chromosomes including the pair of sex chromosomes had positive C-bands, and the 6th and 12th pairs of chromosomes were entirely stained in most cases. Some chromosomes such as the 1st, 2nd, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th pairs showed C-bands at centromeric or distal ends. The C-banding heretochromatin occupies 30.03% of the total chromosome surface in C. semilaevis, which is similar to that of amphibians such as Mixophyes fasciolatus (30.2%) and M. schevilli (20.7%), but is rather lower than that of cephalochordate Branchiostoma belcheri (54.3%). Silver staining revealed a single pair of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) located in the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2. The association of NORs with heterochromatin observed in vertebrates also occurs in C. semilaevis as the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2 are always stained positively with C-banding.     

短角外斑腿蝗核型和C-带的研究

本文研究了短角外斑腿蝗（Ｘｅｎｏｃａｔａｎｔｏｐｓｈｕｍｉｌｉｓｂｒａｃｈｙｃｅｒｕｓ）的核型和Ｃ带。结果表明：短角外斑腿蝗的染色体数目为２ｎ（）＝２２＋ＸＯ＝２３，全部为端着丝粒染色体；ＮＦ＝２３；核型公式为２ｎ（）＝２ｘ＝２３ｔ。中期染色体绝对长度为７００１±２７０μｍ，按相对长度可分为三组；除所有染色体都具有明显的着丝粒带外，Ｌ２，Ｍ３，Ｍ４，Ｍ５，Ｍ９还有明显的端带；染色体组中Ｃ带带纹总长与染色体总长的比值百分数为２６００±２２０％；最长与最短染色体之比为３７８∶１，臂比大于２∶１的染色体在染色体组中的比例为零，短角外斑腿蝗的核型属“１Ｂ”核型     

伊犁河谷绿洲的形成演化与开发利用研究

伊犁绿洲是新疆非常独特,光热水土诸环境因子搭配最好的一片绿洲。本文通过系统地分析其形成演化过程与特点,划分出绿洲发展的四个阶段。本文认为,现今的伊犁绿洲正处于向现代绿洲演进的过渡阶段。基于以上分析,提出了开发该绿洲的原则与思路。     

C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther, 1873

The C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of the metaphase chromosomes of Cynoglossus semilaevis are reported. The interstitial regions in all chromosomes including the pair of sex chromosomes had positive C-bands, and the 6th and 12th pairs of chromosomes were entirely stained in most cases. Some chromosomes such as the 1st, 2nd, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th pairs showed C-bands at centromeric or distal ends. The C-banding heretochromatin occupies 30.03% of the total chromosome surface in C. semilaevis,which is similar to that of amphibians such as Mixophyes fasciolatus (30.2%) and M. schevilli (20.7%), but is rather lower than that of cephalochordate Branchiostoma belcheri (54.3%). Silver staining revealed a single pair of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) located in the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2. The association of NORs with heterochromatin observed in vertebrates also occurs in C. semilaevis as the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2 are always stained positively with C-banding.