太行山幽灵蛛属3新种及1种雌性新发现(蜘蛛目:幽灵蛛科)

描述采自太行山区的幽灵蛛科幽灵蛛属3新种及1种雌性新发现 :弯曲幽灵蛛Pholcusoculo sussp.nov.;林州幽灵蛛Pholcuslinzhousp.nov.;三角幽灵蛛Pholcustriangulatussp.nov.;棒斑幽灵蛛PholcusclavimaculatusZhuetSong,1999     

太行山幽灵蛛属3新种及1种雌性新发现

描述采自太行山区的幽灵蛛科幽灵蛛属3新种及1种雌性新发现弯曲幽灵蛛Pholcusoculosussp．Nov．;林州幽灵蛛Pholcuslinzhousp.nov．;三角幽灵蛛Pholcustriangulatussp．Nov．;棒斑幽灵蛛PholcusclavimaculatusZhuetSong,1999。     

中国狂蛛类平腹蛛

狂蛛类平腹蛛是平腹科中一个非正式类群,其特征是第三、四足后跗节远端腹面有一个由细刺排列组成的清理梳.本文记述中国平腹蛛科类4属25种:狂蛛属17种,近狂蛛属6种,粗狂蛛属和尾狂蛛属各1种.文内对属和种的鉴别特征均有简要描述,并附外雌器和触肢图,以利读者鉴别.文中还对这类蜘蛛的地理分布也增补了新的资料.     

缅甸盖蛛Neriene birmanica——我国皿蛛一新记录种(蜘蛛目:皿蛛科:皿蛛亚科)

整理四川蜘蛛标本时,发现我国皿蛛一新记录种,其触肢器形态结构与克什米尔盖蛛相同,外雌器与缅甸盖蛛相同.克什米尔盖蛛由Di Caporiacco在1935年依据1头残缺雄蛛标本订立,缅甸盖蛛是Thorell在1887年依据1头雌蛛标本订立.根据所采得成对标本的外生殖器的形态结构,笔者认为克什米尔盖蛛是缅甸盖蛛的雄蛛,前者是后者的新异名.     

中国原蛛(线蛛科:雷文蛛属)一新种记述

记述了产自河北平山县线蛛科雷文蛛属一新种：河北雷文蛛Raveniolahebeinicasp．nov.。模式标本保存于河北大学生物系,文中测量单位mm。     

我国辽宁林区四个球蛛新种记述（蜘蛛目：球蛛科）

本文记述了辽宁林区四个球蛛新种，种名为：双孔球蛛Theridion biforaminum Gao et Zhu,sp.nov.,桓仁球蛛Theridion huanrenensis Zhu et Gao,sp.nov，新月球蛛Theridion lunulatum Guan-et Zhu,sp.nov.,蛇突球蛛Theridion serpatusum Guan et Zhu,sp.nov.模式标本保存要河北教育学院。     

新疆逍遥蛛属两新种(蜘蛛目:逍遥蛛科)

记述蜘蛛目逍遥蛛科两新种——南疆逍遥蛛 Philodromus nanjiangesissp.nov.与伊宁逍遥蛛 Philodromus yiningensis sp.nov.。南疆逍遥蛛与 P.keys-erlingi Marx,1890近似;伊宁逍遥蛛与 P.histrio(Latreille)近似,但两新种其触肢器之胫节外末角突起的形态结构,皆与它们各自的近似种有明显区别。     

雌蛛拖丝在星豹蛛和拟环纹豹蛛物种识别中的作用

通过比较狼蛛科豹蛛属的星豹蛛和拟环纹豹蛛雄蛛分别在两种雌蛛释放的拖丝上的求偶行为差异,验证两种豹蛛雌蛛拖丝上化学信息物质在物种识别中的作用.研究发现,两种雄性豹蛛在同种雌蛛拖丝上的求偶潜伏时间都显著短于在异种雌蛛拖丝上的求偶潜伏时间,两种雄性豹蛛在同种雌蛛拖丝上的求偶强度都显著强于异种雌蛛拖丝上的求偶强度.可见雄性豹蛛能通过雌蛛拖丝上的化学信息物质进行种内识别.     

中国胎拉蛛属1新种(蜘蛛目:暗蛛科:暗蛛亚科)

记述了产于中国贵州省的暗蛛科胎拉蛛属Taira 1新种:荔波胎拉蛛Taira liboens is sp. nov..模式标本保存于河北大学博物馆.文中测量单位:mm.     

贵州洞穴龙隙蛛属2新种(蜘蛛目:暗蛛科:隙蛛亚科)

记述了中国贵州喀斯特洞穴的暗蛛科龙隙蛛属Draconarius Ovtchinnikov, 1999 两新种:半月龙隙蛛Draconarius semilunatus sp. nov.,粗壮龙隙蛛D. grossus sp. nov..模式标本保存于河北大学博物馆.文中测量单位:mm.     

中国蚁形甲科(鞘翅目)昆虫名录及区系组成

为明确中国蚁形甲已知的种类,依据鉴定标本和相关文献,整理出中国蚁形甲6亚科22属126种,其中蚁形甲亚科种类最为丰富,达13属87种,中国特有61种.中国已知蚁形甲中以东洋种为优势,共计81种,占总数的64.3%,古北种37种,占总数的29.4%,跨古北界和东洋界和仅8种,占总数的6.3%.在中国动物地理区划中,西南区种类达31种,华南区为29种,华北区为12种,其他区较少.     

日本近代“中国通”历史成因考辨

日本近代史上的"中国通",往往被当作日本浪人来看待。可以说,在中国人的心目中,日本的中国通就是日本帝国主义的帮凶、走狗和马前卒。然而,通过考辨其历史成因得知,真正的中国通有别于日本浪人,他们是一些精通汉文化的、高层次的知识分子群体。应该说,只有具备汉学或中国学素养的文人学者,才有资格被授以这种称呼。     

中国扇山属两新种记述(蜻蜓目:山科)

记述贵州省扇山(虫,忽)属2新种,模式标本保存在浙江自然博物馆昆虫标本室.褐带扇山(虫,忽)Rhipidolestes fascia sp.nov图1-7.正模♂,贵州省赤水沙椤自然保护区.18-Ⅴ-2000;配模♀,副模10♂,8♀,采地与采期同正模.李氏扇山(虫,忽)Rhipidolestes lii sp.nov图1-7正模♂,贵州省习水国家级自然保护区,8-Ⅵ-2000;副模2♂,采地与采期同正模.     

中国中世纪暖期温度的时空变化特征

采用全球海气耦合模式ECHO-G的1000个模式年的长积分气候模拟方法分析了中国中世纪暖期温度的存在性与时空变化特征.结果表明：中国的中世纪暖期出现在公元1000—1250年间,但它不是一个持续稳定的暖期,而是存在峰谷起伏变化,其中最暖的30年（中世纪暖期鼎盛期）出现在1131—1160年.中世纪暖期中国的年平均和冬、夏季平均温度距平变幅西部最大,东部最小.其鼎盛期中国的温度距平相对于千年温度都是正值,中国东部的增温幅度由南向北逐渐加大,变幅为0.4℃—0.8℃,而中国西部的增温呈Ω型分布,且随着海拔高度的增加,增温幅度逐渐加大,最大增温达2.0℃—2.2℃.     

内蒙古赤峰地区的白粉菌Ⅱ——白粉菌属

报道了内蒙古赤峰地区的白粉菌属 33种和变种 .其中戴维白粉菌是中国首次报道 ,里氏猪殃殃白粉菌、双叉旋花白粉菌和缬草白粉菌等 3种和变种为内蒙古新记录种 .所有引证标本均保存于赤峰师范高等专科学校菌物标本室 .     

突额盲蝽属(Pseudoloxops)中国种类记述(半翅目:盲蝽科)

本文记载突额盲蝽属(Pseudoloxops)中国种类共5种,其中包括一新种:壮突额盲蝽PseuodoloxpisrobustusLiusp.n.,(正模,云南哀牢山徐家坝,1984.V.8,郑乐怡采;副模:1♀,同上,1984.V.7,郑乐怡采).该新种可通过雄虫的抱器、阳茎的形态特征区别于本属中其它相近种类.文中提供该属中国种类名录和分种检索表.模式标本保存于南开大学生物系.     

Estimation of emissions from field burning of crop straw in China

Emissions resulting from crop straw field burning in China, which have caused serious environmental problems in China, are estimated in this paper. From the county-level data of crop production in 2000-2003 from the government statistics, taking into account the ratio of residue and grain, the total amount of crop straw production is estimated to be about 600 Tg per year, 76% of which are rice, wheat and corn straw. With reference to the data of living standards, the percentage of crop straw burnt in fields for counties are obtained and consequently the total amount of burnt straws is approximately 140 Tg/year. With the emission factors from literature and experiments, appropriate emission factors have been obtained. The total amounts of PM, SO2, NOx3, NH3, CH4, BC, OC, VOC, CO, CO2 emissions from field burning of crop straw in China are estimated. All emissions are presented at county level. Some pollutants, such as BC, VOC, OC, CO and CO2, are contributing a major portion to the total emissions of China. This paper uses a map with resolution of 0.2°×0.2°to present the PM emissions distribution from crop straw burnt in 2003. The results show a significant regional unevenness of emissions, with larger amounts of pollutions coming from the provinces in eastern and northeast China. The regions with higher emissions per unit area are located as a belt stretching from northeast China to eastern China.     

Nd isotopic variations and its implications in the recent sediments from the northern South China Sea

The chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns in recent sediments from the northern South China Sea and surrounding areas are similar, with the HREE values being almost equal to or slightly higher, and the La_N/Lu_N ratio being lower, than PAAS standards. However, samples from the Xijiang River, a major branch of the Pearl River system, show opposite trends, i.e., with slightly lower HREE values and higher La_N/Lu_N ratio than PAAS. The distribution of Nd isotopes in sediments from the northern South China Sea was controlled by the Pearl River and the inshore area of South China, respectively. The volume of ε_Nd(0) from inshore areas of southern China is apparently higher than that from the Pearl River, and ε_Nd(0) values in offshore sediments and Taiwan Island are between these values. The results clearly show that ε_Nd(0) volume in the northeastern South China Sea is higher than in the southwest part of the northern South China Sea, indicating different source rock types. The main source rock of the Pearl River sediment is carbonate types and affects sediment deposition in the southwest of the northern South China Sea, while the source rock in the inshore area of southern China, mainly Mesozoic and Cenozoic granites, contributes to sediments in the northeastern area of the northern South China Sea. Due to different source rock types, the HREE values and the volume of ε_Nd(0) in recent sediments supplied by the inshore area of southern China are higher than those from the Pearl River. Over 80% of the rapidly accumulated sediments on the northern slope of the South China Sea in the southeast of Dongsha Islands area were derived from Taiwan Island and from inshore areas of South China, with only less than 20% from the Pearl River. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40276019, 40238060 and 40621063), and National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB819501)     

跨流域调水及其对陆地水循环及水资源安全影响

跨流域调水是解决我国区域水资源配置的重要手段与途径,也是21世纪全球水系统计划科学前沿和我国北方水资源安全保障关注的重点问题.本文研讨了与气候变化与跨流域调水联系的陆地水系统概念,分析了与环境变化问题联系的国际发展态势.以跨长江、黄河、海河流域的南水北调中线调水区和北京受水区为典型区域,论述我国南水北调重大调水工程实施对陆地水循环影响及水资源安全保障研究关键科学问题,提出该复杂性问题研究的若干重点、研究途径与方法.