Effect of microstructure and surface chemistry in liquid-phase adsorptive nicotine by almond-shell-based activated carbon

The effect of microstructure and surface chemistry on nicotine adsorption capacity of almond-shell-based activated carbon was studied.Almond-shell-based activated carbon was reactivated or modified with steam,ZnCl2and NaHSO4separately.The surface area and pore structure parameters of activated carbon were determined from the adsorption-desorption isotherm of nitrogen at 77K.Boehm titration and FTIR were explored to determine the surface oxygen groups.The results revealed that nicotine adsorption from solution on carbons depend on the micropores and phenolic groups.A strong correlation between the amounts of adsorbed nicotine and the phenolic groups was observed,whereas the higher amounts of carboxylic groups decrease the nicotine adsorption capacity on activated carbons.     

Granular activated carbons from palm nut shells for gold di-cyanide adsorption

Granular activated carbons were produced from palm nut shells by physical activation with steam. The proximate analysis of palm nut shells was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, and the adsorption capacity of the activated carbons, produced as a result of shell pyrolysis at 600℃ followed by steam activation at 900℃ in varying activation times, was evaluated using nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. Applicability of the activated carbons for gold dicyanide adsorption was also investigated. Increasing the activation hold time with the attendant increase in the degree of carbon burn-off results in a progressive increase in the surface area of the activated carbons, reaching a value of 903.1 m2/g after activation for 6 h. The volumes of total pores, micropores, and mesopores in the activated carbons also increase progressively with the increasing degree of carbon burn-off, resulting from increasing the activation hold time. The gold di-cyanide adsorption of the activated carbons increases with the rise of pore volume of the activated carbons. The gold di-cyanide adsorption of palm nut shell activated carbon obtained after 6-h activation at 900℃ is superior to that of a commercial activated carbon used for gold di-cyanide adsorption.     

碳纸在LiCl–KCl–Li3N熔盐中的直接电化学氮掺杂

Graphite materials are widely used as electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage. N-doping is an effective method for enhancing the electrochemical properties of graphite. A novel one-step N-doping method for complete and compact carbon paper was proposed for molten salt electrolysis in the LiCl?KCl?Li₃N system. The results show that the degree of graphitization of carbon paper can be improved by the electrolysis of molten salts, especially at 2.0 V. Nitrogen gas was produced at the anode and nitrogen atoms can substitute carbon atoms of carbon paper at different sites to create nitrogen doping during the electrolysis process. The doping content of N in carbon paper is up to 13.0wt%. There were three groups of nitrogen atoms, i.e. quaternary N (N-Q), pyrrolic N (N-5), and pyridinic N (N-6) in N-doping carbon paper. N-doping carbon paper as an Al-ion battery cathode shows strong charge?recharge properties.     

Selective reduction of carbon dioxide into amorphous carbon over activated natural magnetite

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H_2 reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen(H_2-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide(CO_2-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO_2 reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H_2 atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO_2 reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO_2 reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87 wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

2-Steps Preparation Activated Carbon from Solidago Canadensis: Carbonized by Electrial heating and Activated by Microwave Radiation

The activated carbon(AC)was prepared from Solidago Canadensis(SC),an alien invasive plant.The plant was firstly carbonized under nitrogen at 400 ℃ for 90 min in an electrical furnace,and then the carbonized product was activated with KOH through microwave radiation.Effects of KOH/C ratio,microwave power,microwave radiation time on the adsorption capacities and yield of AC were evaluated.It indicated that the optimum conditions were KOH/C ratio 2 g/g,microwave power 700 W,and microwave radiation time 6 min.The carbonation process of SC was analyzed by thermogravimetry(TG).The pore structural parameters and surface functional groups of the AC were characterized by nitrogen adsorption-desorption and Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR),respectively.The activation yield,the surface area,the average pore size,and the average micropore size of AC prepared from optimum conditions were 53.75%,1 888 m2/g,0.567 nm,and 0.488 nm,respectively.The adsorption amounts of AC were 302.4 mg/g for methylene blue and 1 470.27 mg/g for iodine.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

Carbon monoxide-induced adventitious rooting of hypocotyl cuttings from mung bean seedling

Carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO), two diatomic gaseous molecules, belong to mid-valent ox-ide of carbon and nitrogen element, respectively. In fact, CO shares many physical and chemical properties with NO. Recent studies showed that formation of…     

Biodegradation of the Oil Hydrocarbons in Wastewater with Immobilized Microbiological Activated Carbon

On the basis of laboratory-scale-tests, the method of using immobilized biological activated carbon (IBAC) was found to be an efficient method to treat oil wastewater. In this research, pilot-scale studies were conducted to investigate the optimal range of factors, such as oil concentration, and hydraulic retention time (HRT). 39 strains of bacteria were isolated from activated sludge of a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant. After being acclimated and identified, these bacteria were immobilized on granular activated carbon. The degradation of organic compounds was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectromtry(GC-MS). As the results show that when the oil concentration is lower than 50 mg/L and corresponding values of HRT are longer than 1.0 h, the removal rate of immobilized biological activated carbon column can stably reach at least 70%. In the field studies, electron microscope analyses show that the predominant bacteria have been changed from Pseudomonas and Bacillus at the beginning to Bacillus only after 60 days of continuous operation, which suggests that the method with immobilized biological activated carbon column is the one with higher efficiency than that of the secondary floatation tank traditionally used in oil wastewater treatment.     

Decoration of activated carbon nanotubes by assembling nano-silver

A facile solution processed strategy of synthesizing nano silver assembled on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at room temperature was put forward. Activated carbon nanotubes were used as precursors for preparing silver-decorated nanotubes. The nature of the decorated nanotubes was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The inert surfaces of carbon nanotubes were activated by introducing catalytic nuclei via an oxidation-sensitization-activation approach. Activated carbon nanotubes catalyzed the metal deposition specifically onto their surfaces upon immersion in electroless plating baths. The method produced nanotubes decorated with silver. The extent of silver decoration was found to be dependent on fabrication conditions. Dense nano silver assembled on nanotube surfaces could be obtained by keeping a low reaction rate in the solution phase. The results here show that this method is an efficient and simple means of achieving carbon nanotubes being assembled by nano metal.     

Activated carbon derived from rice husk by NaOH activation and its application in supercapacitor

Four activated carbon(AC) samples prepared from rice husk under different activation temperatures have been characterized by N2adsorption–desorption isotherms, thermogravimetric analysis(TGA–DTA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The specific surface area of AC sample reached 2681 m2 g 1under activation temperature of 800 1C. The AC samples were then tested as electrode material; the specific capacitance of the as-prepared activated carbon electrode was found to be 172.3 F g 1using cyclic voltammetry at a scan rate of 5 mV s 1and 198.4 F g 1at current density 1000 mA g 1in the charge/discharge mode.& 2014 Chinese Materials Research Society. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.