航空器爬升与下降阶段4D航迹预测

准确的4D航迹预测可以在冲突探测与解脱、航迹优化和空中交通流量管理等多个领域发挥重要作用。为提高预测的准确性,提出了基于机器学习的航空器4D航迹预测方法。首先,利用爬升阶段提取研究指标,构建循环神经网络(recurrent neural network, RNN)和长短期记忆网络(long short-term memory, LSTM);其次,在下降阶段进行数据维度拓展,构建RNN、LSTM模型进行航迹预测;最后,对各个维度上的预测航迹点和实际航迹点的误差进行分析。仿真结果表明,爬升阶段模型和下降阶段模型对于航空器位置预测准确性高,展现了航迹预测模型的良好鲁棒性。     

超短期风电功率预测的混合深度学习模型

针对风电功率预测(WPF)问题,提出一种基于离散小波变换(DWT)、时间卷积网络(TCN)和长短期记忆(LSTM)神经网络的混合深度学习模型(DWT-TCN-LSTM),对超短期风电功率进行预测.将DWT-TCN-LSTM模型分别与差分整合移动平均自回归(ARIMA)模型,支持向量回归(SVR)模型,长短期记忆神经网络模型和卷积长短期记忆(TCN-LSTM)混合模型进行对比实验,通过对称平均绝对百分比误差(SMAPE),均方根误差(RMSE)和平均绝对误差(MAE)3种评价指标值对各个模型进行评价.实验结果表明:DWT-TCN-LSTM模型具有较好的预测性能.     

基于经验模态分解-粒子群优化-长短期记忆的车间电力能耗预测方法

针对传统能耗预测方法不能充分提取数据特征并利用神经网络的学习、预测能力，提出了一种基于经验模态分解-粒子群优化-长短期记忆(EMD-PSO-LSTM)的电力能耗预测模型。该模型首先采用经验模态分解算法将时间序列数据分解为多个本征模函数分量和趋势分量，然后对每个分量分别建立长短期记忆网络进行预测。各个长短期记忆网络的参数则由粒子群算法分别进行最优化求解，最后将所有分量的预测结果进行叠加得到最终的能耗预测结果。将预测结果与实际能耗数据进行对比分析来验证所提模型的预测性能。试验结果表明，该方法能够对电力能耗数据进行合理预测，预测精度较高。     

基于CNN-BiLSTM-Attention的超短期电力负荷预测

在长短期记忆神经网络(LSTM)的基础上,运用双向的长短期记忆神经网络(BiLSTM),结合卷积神经网络(CNN)提出了一个预测模型,对超短期电力负荷预测.运用合肥市2019年全年数据对该模型进行训练及预测,结果显示,CNN-BiLSTM预测精度高于CNN-LSTM预测模型,为进一步提升预测精确度,在BiLSTM神经网络后面连接了一个Attention在输出,发现其预测精度进一步提升了.     

基于经验模式分解与LSTM神经网络的短期电价预测模型

在开放的电力市场中,日前电价预测是个重要的研究方向。本文提出了一种基于经验模式分解(EMD)与长短期记忆神经网络(LSTM)的序列电价预测模型,使用EMD提取电价序列中的周期分量与趋势分量,利用LSTM分别对周期分量与趋势分量进行序列预测,输出各分量的预测结果,通过支持向量机回归(SVR)叠加各分量的预测序列生成预测价格序列。最后,以美国PJM电力市场的电价数据为算例,与ARIMA模型、单一LSTM神经网络模型的预测结果进行比较,验证了EMD-LSTM-SVR模型能够提高短期电价预测精度。     

基于双向长短期记忆神经网络的风电预测方法

风电受天气条件的影响具有间歇性和波动性的特点,随着风电在电网中渗透率的提高,电网面临着新的挑战.对风电进行预测并根据预测值进行合理调度,可在一定程度上缓解风电的不确定性对电网的影响.本文提出了基于双向长短期记忆神经网络的风电预测方法,该模型可以同时利用过去和未来的数值天气预报信息,提高了风力发电的预测精度.首先,文章阐述了单向长短期记忆神经网络的原理和结构,在此基础上,添加反向隐含层成为双向长短期记忆神经网络;其次,基于双向长短期记忆神经网络,构建了风电预测架构,并分析了风电预测的评价指标;最后,利用实际数据进行了仿真验证,结果表明,相对于长短期记忆模型,以均方根误差、希尔不等系数和对称均值绝对值百分比误差三个指标衡量,双向长短期记忆神经网络的预测精度分别提高了10.25%、6.71%和12.18%.     

基于Attention机制和ResNet的CNN-BiLSTM短期电力负荷预测模型研究

短期电力负荷预测有利于电力系统的高效运行,对电力市场实现有效调度有重要意义。短期电力负荷受多种因素影响,波动性大、随机性强,使得其预测准确率低。双向长短期记忆网络和卷积神经网络难以在短期负荷序列中提取足够多的信息,本文提出了一种结合注意力机制和残差网络的卷积神经网络-双向长短期记忆网络短期负荷预测方法。首先利用基准模型卷积神经网络-双向长短期记忆网络对输入特征进行信息提取,然后利用注意力机制突出提取到的关键信息,最后通过残差网络创建残差层以充分学习时序特征。通过某公开数据集进行实验,结果表明该方法的平均绝对百分比误差达到2.80%,均方根误差达到2.15,并与常用的五种模型预测结果对比,验证了所提模型的准确性及有效性。     

基于ARIMA与神经网络的备件需求组合预测方法

针对备件需求量波动大预测精度不高的问题,提出一种基于差分自回归移动平均(ARIMA)、BP神经网络、串联的卷积与长短期记忆神经网络(CNN-LSTM)组合模型的备件需求预测方法。该方法能够充分发挥ARIMA模型出色的线性拟合能力和神经网络突出的非线性拟合能力,克服了单一方法的局限性,并通过实例分析,验证了该组合预测模型的预测精确度高于单一预测模型。     

基于长短期记忆神经网络模型的多步滚动预测方法

飞机着陆阶段是各飞行阶段中风险最大的阶段之一,可能会遇到阵风、跑道入侵、硬着陆和跑道超限等不安全事件。较长的着陆距离会增加着不安全事件发生的风险。为了降低发生不安全事件的风险,本文利用长短期记忆(long short term memory,LSTM)神经网络捕获时间序列飞行数据对时间的依赖性,研究了一种多步滚动预测策略来预测飞机着陆距离以进行实时预警,飞机着陆预测模型用于预测着陆距离。结果表明：与单步预测相比,该方法可以更好地捕捉飞行参数的时间变化。通过多组仿真实验验证基于LSTM神经网络模型的多步滚动预测方法的准确性与有效性。     

基于注意力Seq2Seq模型的终端区航空器航迹预测

为充分挖掘机场终端区航空器航迹时间依赖性,解决中长期、多步长航迹预测精度不稳定的问题,引入注意力机制(Attention Mechanism)和教师监督(Teacher Forcing)中的指数衰减(Exponential Decay)采样方法,提出了一种基于序列到序列框架的机场终端区航迹预测模型(Seq2Seq-Attention Mechanism-Exponential Decay, SAE)。序列到序列框架实现了多步长预测,注意力机制提高解码器预测精度,指数衰减采样方法加速了训练阶段模型收敛,在一定程度上提高了模型的泛化性。最后,为了验证提出方法的有效性,利用天津终端区28架次、90天ADS-B航迹数据构建原始数据集,以平均绝对误差(Mean Squared Error, MAE)和均方根误差(Root Mean Squared Error, RMSE)作为模型性能评价指标,进行了航迹预测实验,实验结果表明：高度、经度和纬度在序列到序列框架中的循环神经网络分别采用LSTM、GRU和LSTM可以获得最好预测性能;以四种预测长度1分钟、3分钟、5分钟和10分钟进行建模,与基线模型中预测性能最好的结果比较,所提出方法在验证集上的高度、经度和纬度指标表现最优,10分钟预测窗口下的平均绝对误差分别降低了66.30%, 54.62%和36.59%,均方根误差分别降低了65.45%, 38.16%和20.57%,同时,上述四种预测时长下所提出方法预测结果的均值和方差最小,表明随着预测时长的增加,模型预测结果的稳定性最好。此外,引入的注意力机制与指数衰减采样方法对有效捕捉航迹时间依赖性、提高模型泛化性均具有积极的贡献.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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