基于泰勒估计的主瓣干扰抑制方法

当有源干扰进入主瓣时，传统自适应波束形成的方向图会在主瓣内出现严重波形失真，主瓣内形成零陷，旁瓣电平陡增等问题。为此，利用泰勒估计获得真实协方差矩阵的估计，通过特征分解构建特征投影矩阵，构造旁瓣零陷加深的凸优化模型求解自适应阵列权值矢量，最后将此抑制干扰的方法和基于阻塞矩阵预处理与基于特征投影预处理等两类预处理方法进行实验仿真及性能对比，从而证明了基于泰勒估计的主瓣干扰抑制方法的优点。     

基于多参数二次规划的零陷展宽和旁瓣控制方法

自适应波束形成算法能将零陷自动对准干扰方向,但在干扰源角度抖动等情况下,会使自适应权和数据失配.此外,在快拍数较少的情况下,传统的自适应波束形成方法可能会出现很高的旁瓣.针对上述问题,提出了一种有效的基于多参数二次规划的零陷展宽和旁瓣控制方法.首先,利用锥化矩阵修正采样协方差矩阵展宽干扰源的零陷;然后,用主瓣区域外的多个二次不等式控制旁瓣;最后用多参数二次规划方法求解优化问题.该方法不仅能获得更高的阵列输出增益,而且可以通过实值计算得到最优权向量.仿真结果验证了算法的有效性.     

基于功率倒置阵的特征分析法

功率倒置算法能在干扰方向形成零陷,并且干扰越强,形成的零陷越深.但对于弱干扰源的情况,该算法形成的零陷不够深,对干扰的抑制有限.基于子空间理论,对功率倒置算法进行特征矢量的分析,揭示功率倒置算法实质,并通过对干扰子空间正交投影,使方向图在弱干扰的地方形成较深零陷.计算机仿真证明了该算法的有效性.     

基于罚函数和特征空间的子阵级自适应波束形成

基于线性约束最小方差(LCMV)准则的自适应波束形成算法在实际中得到了广泛的应用,但当其应用到子阵级时,自适应方向图主瓣变形且旁瓣升高,抗干扰性能严重下降.针对这些问题,提出一种基于罚函数和特征空间的子阵级自适应波束形成算法,引入罚函数对自适应方向图进行约束使其逼近期望的静态方向图;同时在干扰子空间约束波束响应为0,对干扰信号进行抑制.该算法在有效抑制干扰的同时,能够使主瓣保形并保持较低的旁瓣,还能获得较好的输出信干噪比.通过阵列方向图及输出信干噪比的计算机仿真验证该算法的有效性.      

零陷展宽算法的性能研究

自适应波束形成算法能将零陷自动对准干扰方向,但在干扰快速移动或天线平台出现振动等情况下,很可能由于干扰位置的扰动而使自适应权和数据失配.通过对于扰导向矢量的左右旋转,利用对协方差矩阵的数值处理,推导出一种和干扰方向无关的自适应零陷加宽技术.由于零陷的加宽,在干扰方向与数据失配的情况下,仍能够较好地抑制干扰,从而提高算法的稳健性.     

一种有限快拍情况下基于特征空间的稳健波束形成算法

有限快拍并在低信噪比（Signal to Noise Ratio, SNR）的情况下,广义旁瓣对消器（Generalized Sidelobe Canceller, GSC）能够将主波束对准期望信号方向,零陷对准干扰信号方向,从而最大程度的抑制干扰．但如果SNR过高且天线存在幅相误差,则可能将期望信号当做干扰同样被抑制．将接收信号的自相关矩阵进行特征分解,可以得到信号子空间与噪声子空间．基于特征空间的波束形成技术将常规的权矢量向此信号子空间投影,解决了高SNR情况下信号容易被抑制的问题．本文根据输入SN     

大角度干扰抖动下的零陷展宽算法研究

自适应波束形成算法能将零陷自动对准干扰方向，但在干扰快速移动或天线平台出现振动等情况下，很可能由于干扰位置的扰动而使自适应权和数据失配．通过对干扰导向矢量的左右旋转，利用对协方差矩阵的数值处理，推导出一种和干扰方向无关的自适应零陷加宽技术．该方法通过对角度偏移量的跟踪，尤其适合较大抖动角度情况下零陷的展宽，在干扰方向与数据失配的情况下，仍能够较好地抑制干扰，从而提高算法的稳健性．     

一种无需先验信息的抗多点源干扰方法

针对存在主瓣干扰在内的多点源干扰情况,现有的阻塞矩阵预处理和特征投影预处理都取得了一定的抗干扰效果,其主要思想都是先通过预处理消除主瓣干扰,再进行常规自适应波束形成,实现对主瓣干扰的抑制,但是这2种方法需要期望和干扰的先验信息来构造预处理矩阵。为解决实际运用当中先验信息无法直接获取的问题,采用强弱信号波达方向估计方法和估计出期望信号方向和干扰方向,再结合基于伪协方差矩阵的特征投影预处理的主瓣抗干扰方法,得到一种无需先验信息的抗多点源干扰算法。仿真实验结果表明,所提方法在不知道角度先验信息的条件下于多点源干扰处形成了大于60 dB的空陷,且相比于其他方法,波形保持好,受快拍数的影响小,取得了较好的抗多点源干扰效果。     

基于半定规划的零陷控制方法

自适应波束形成算法能够将零陷自动对准干扰方向,但在干扰快速移动或天线平台出现震动等情况下,由于干扰位置的扰动而使得自适应权和数据失配.针对上述问题,提出了一种基于半定规划的对干扰源零陷展宽方法,该方法通过对干扰源的波达方向附近范围内的方向向量的约束,来展宽干扰源的零陷范围.该方法能够有效地提高系统的鲁棒性能,使得干扰和噪声的功率输出最小,保证对干扰源的抑制能力.仿真结果验证了算法的有效性.     

一种低副瓣宽零点的自适应波束形成算法

自适应波束形成算法能自动地将波束的主瓣对准期望用户信号的来波方向,零陷对准干扰信号的来波方向;但是常规的自适应算法形成的干扰零限比较尖锐,副瓣容易产生畸变,在干扰、天线平台快速移动的情况下,其性能将会严重下降.基于对权值的范数约束和对零点的最小二乘线性约束优化,提出了一种降低副瓣电平并且加宽零点的自适应波束形成算法.理论分析和计算机仿真结果证明了新算法的有效性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.