红豆杉胚源细胞株的培养和紫杉醇的生产

研究了建立适用于紫杉醇生物合成的红豆杉 ( Taxus chinensis)胚源细胞株的方法 .红豆杉成熟种子 ,用自来水冲洗 9d,培养 1 0 d,萌发率可达 1 0 0 %.已萌发的种胚在诱导培养基中培养 6d,愈伤组织的诱导率达 1 0 0 %,使用红豆杉茎源细胞株看护培养诱导出的愈伤组织使愈伤组织的继代成活率提高一倍 .红豆杉茎源细胞株生长 1 5d的条件培养液也能使愈伤组织继代成活率提高 60 %.对建立的胚源细胞株进行了筛选和培养 ,其中细胞株 E2和 E3生长快 ,紫杉醇含量也较高     

南方红豆杉离体胚的培养

将南方红豆杉离体胚分别在黑暗和光照条件下置于White、B5、MS、DCR四种培养基上培养,以研究不同培养基对离体胚萌发和生长的影响.实验结果表明不同培养基对离体胚的萌发率有显著影响,以B5培养基效果最好,可达96%左右.胚萌发的时间也随培养基的改变而不同.在同样培养条件下,光照下胚的萌发率略高于黑暗下的萌发率,光照更利于幼苗生长.已萌发的胚在不同培养基上生长的状况不同,以B5培养基的存活率最高（70%）,生根情况最好.本实验为打破南方红豆杉种子休眠提供了一种切实有效的方法,并为南方红豆杉的快繁、保护利用以及紫杉醇的提取提供了潜在的参考价值.     

红豆杉胚源细胞株的培养和紫杉醇的生产

研究了建立适用于上用醇生物合成的红豆杉胚源细胞株的方法，红豆杉成熟种子，用自来水冲洗９ｄ，培养１０ｄ，萌发率可达１００％，已萌发的种胚在诱导培养基中培养６ｄ，愈伤组织的诱导率达１００％，使用红豆杉茎源细胞株看护培养诱导出的愈伤组织使愈伤组织的继代成活率提高一倍，红豆杉茎源细胞株生长１５ｄ的条件培养液出能使愈伤组织继代成活率提高６０％，对建立的胚源细胞进行了筛选和培养，其中细胞株用Ｅ３生长快，紫杉醇     

影响南方红豆杉种子萌发因素的研究

研究了南方红豆杉种胚的发育状况、外种皮的结构以及种子各部分抑制物质相对活性．结果表明种子形态成熟时,种胚基本成熟,离体培养可以生长成苗;外种皮的不透气性和胚乳中的某些抑制物质可能是抑制南方红豆杉种子萌发的因素,但ＡＢＡ不是萌发的抑制因素．     

果皮水浸出液、盐分对四合木种子萌发的影响

四合木为中国特有种,种群更新困难.为确定四合木果皮水浸出液是否对其种子萌发有影响,分别对四合木种子进行了A处理(带果皮且蒸馏水冲洗)、B处理(剥果皮且蒸馏水冲洗)、C处理(剥果皮且浸出液处理)以及对照组(带果皮)4种处理,结果显示:四种处理种子萌发率有显著差异(P<0.01),与对照相比,A处理、B处理显著提高了种子萌发率(P<0.01),C处理显著降低了种子萌发率(P<0.01),4种处理种子萌发率大小排序为B(91%)>A(89%)>CK(70%)>C(30%),显示四合木果皮中存在抑制种子萌发的物质.另外,四合木生长区域土壤盐分含量高,为确定盐分对种子萌发的影响,对四合木无果皮种子进行不同盐分(50,100,150,200,250 mmol.L-1)的处理,结果显示:随NaCl浓度升高种子萌发率降低,NaCl浓度大于100 mmol.L-1显著降低种子萌发率,说明四合木种子为拒盐种子;NaCl溶液处理7 d的未萌发种子转移至蒸馏水中,经不同浓度NaCl处理的四合木种子均能恢复萌发,试验浓度范围内未发现有种子致死现象.     

单穗升麻种子的后熟与萌发研究

单穗升麻(Cimicifuga simplex Wormsk)种子在10月下旬自然脱落时,大多数胚胎处于球形胚发育阶段,需要经过3～4个月才能完成其后熟过程,种子自然萌发率不足20%.采取低温湿润及不同质量浓度的GA3处理以后,种子后熟时间均不同程度缩短,提前萌发,并且萌发率提高到68%.     

大雪兰种子的共生培养研究

 为了促进大雪兰种子的快速萌发,筛选能有效促进大雪兰(Cymbidium mastersii Griff. ex Lindl.)种子共生萌发的菌根真菌,在兰-菌共生培养条件下,开展了共生种子萌发后的生物量、菌株重分离、三维菌丝网光学和电子显微镜观察,以及TTC种子活力等方面的测定.经研究表明:经过150 d兰-菌共生培养,2种春兰和墨兰根部的菌根真菌CLB111、MLX102均对大雪兰种子共生萌发有明显的促进作用,萌发率与对照均达到极显著差异.经共生培养后从种子中重分离获得原接种菌株;共生萌发种子经光镜及电子显微镜观察到大量菌丝侵入并在胚细胞中形成三维菌丝网,胚开始分化,种子表现出明显的活性;而对照组种子经重分离未获得原接种菌株、未发现菌丝侵入种子,且种子活力极低.由此,筛选出促进大雪兰种子萌发的有效菌株为CLB111、MLX102.大雪兰成株的菌根真菌与其种子共生萌发的菌根真菌是一致的,这与天麻不同;同时,能有效促进大雪兰种子萌发的菌根真菌有2种.试验表明,大雪兰的菌根真菌与促进种子共生萌发的菌根真菌不是绝对专一的,在一定条件下,不同的菌株对同一种大雪兰种子有明显的促进萌发作用.对于不同的生态条件下是否存在有差异性的问题,有待进一步研究探讨     

不同温度和化学处理对四川嵩草种子萌发的影响

研究了四川嵩草(Kobresia setchwanensis)种子对不同温度和化学试剂的响应.用3种不同浓度的化学试剂(NaOH、GA3和CaCl2)分别处理种子,将其置于5,10,15,20,25 ℃恒温条件下进行光照培养.结果表明:四川嵩草种子萌发温度幅较宽,在10～25 ℃范围内均能萌发,但在20 ℃和25 ℃恒温条件下,种子的萌发率和萌发指数较高,最佳萌发温度为20 ℃,萌发率和萌发指数分别可达96%和7.06.不同温度条件下,3种化学试剂处理对四川嵩草种子的萌发率和萌发指数均有显著性影响,对种子萌发有一定的促进作用,其中,用适当浓度NaOH处理过的种子其萌发率和萌发指数高于用其它两种试剂处理的结果.10 ℃条件下,NaOH的最佳处理浓度为30 g·L-1;15～25 ℃温度条件下,最佳处理浓度为20 g·L-1.对于GA3和CaCl2,在不同温度条件下(10～25 ℃)有不同的最佳处理浓度.     

红豆杉离体胚培养快速育苗研究

采用Ｂ５和ＭＳ相组合的ＢＭ基本培养基和适宜浓度的激素（２,４－Ｄ,６－ＢＡ和ＧＡ３）能解除红豆杉种胚的休眠．单因子试验和不同组合的正交试验结果显示：单独使用２,４－Ｄ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ,６－ＢＡ２ｍｇ／Ｌ和ＧＡ３２ｍｇ／Ｌ均在一定程度上促使红豆杉种胚的萌发,萌发率分别为７０％,５５％和２８．６％;最佳正交组合为６－ＢＡ１ｍｇ／Ｌ＋２,４－Ｄ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＡＣ４ｇ／Ｌ,萌发率达８１％．     

甘蓝型油菜胚柄多胚突变体(Brassica napus twn-119)的细胞胚胎学研究

多胚突变体B.napus twn-119是从甘蓝型油菜品种中油119中发现的.经过连续套袋自交选育,目前已使多胚频率提高到34%.所获得的多胚种子萌发后,92%的种子中萌发出各自独立的双苗,6%种子中萌发出独立三苗,2%的种子中得到3个以上独立苗.偶尔可观察到生长的幼苗具有三片、四片子叶、幼苗的茎发生部分结合及子叶上具轴状附属物等异常现象.对多胚突变体的胚胎学研究表明,由顶细胞发育而来的初生胚体正常发育成胚,部分胚柄细胞转变成为具有强烈分裂能力的细胞而不是进入程序性死亡.这些特殊的胚柄细胞具有胚胎发生能力,胚柄中可以观察到多个球形原胚形成,多个原胚由宿存的胚柄细胞连接成一串.如果两原胚之间连接的胚柄细胞很少或没有,两个胚体在发育过程中会发生部分融合.幼苗根尖染色体数目的检查也证明多胚幼苗都具有正常油菜的染色体数目(2n=38).     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that