Über die «absoluten» Bewegungen der Milchstrasse und der nächsten Spiralnebel

Summary (1) The milky way is moving absolutely (relative to the light-ether) with a velocity of at least 600 km/s in the direction of the absolute movement of the earth (A=78°,D=+40°).(2) The point of symmetry of the absolute velocities of the spirals is situated about 1,120,000 parsec from the milky way in the direction of the antapex of his absolute movement, and it has taken 1·83 milliards of years for the milky way to cross this distance.(3) Probably the next spirals are forming with the milky way as a center a group with a common parallel movement like that one of the milky way.     

Defensive steroids from a carrion beetle (Silpha americana)

Summary The defensive anal effluent discharged bySilpha americana in response to disturbance contains a mixture of steroids stemming from a glandular annex of the rectum. The compounds have been characterized as 15-hydroxyprogesterone (1, principal component), 5-pregnan-15-ol-3, 20-dione (2), 5-pregnan-3, 15-diol-20-one (3), 5-pregnan-7, 15-diol-3,20-dione (4), 5-pregnan-3, 7, 15-triol-20-one (5), 5-pregnan-16-ol-3,20-dione (6), and 5-pregnan-3, 16-diol-20-one (7), none previously found in insects. Bioassays with jumping spiders showed compounds1 and6 to be feeding deterrents at the 1 g level.Paper No. 78 of the series: Defense Mechanisms of Arthropods. Study supported by NIH (Grants AI-02908, AI-12020). We thank Maura Malarcher and Maria Eisner for excellent technical help, and the Squibb Institute of Medical Research for samples of authentic reference compounds.     

Induced seed protein mutant of barley

. 51%. () 29% 9% - . .

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Seed samples may be obtained upon application toH. Doll.     

Synthesis and pharmacological properties of [1-N4-dimethyl-asparagine]-angiotensin II

Summary [1-N⁴-Dimethyl-asparagine]-angiotensin II was synthesized by Merrifield's solid-phase procedure. The analogue gave rat blood pressure about 70% relative potency to Hypertensin (Ciba). Rabbit aorta strips gave intrinsic activity _E=1, a PD₂ of 6.92±0.09 and an affinity relative to [Asn¹]-angiotensin II of 6.5%.The editors do not hold themselves responsible for the opinions expressed in the authors' brief reports. — Les auteurs sont seuls responsables des opinions exprimées dans ces brèves communications. — Für die Kurzmitteilungen ist ausschliesslich der Autor verantwortlich. — Per le brevi comunicazioni è responsabile solo l'autore. — . — Solo los autores son responsables de las opiniones expresadas en estas comunicationes breves.Acknowledgment. The authors wish to express their appreciation to Dr Emanuel Escher, School of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Sherbrooke, Quebec, for his help in providing the biological data and critical comments.     

Influence du rang de ponte dans la transmission du caractèreatrophie gonadique chezDrosophila melanogaster

Summary Gonadal atrophy (atrophie gonadique, ag) is a hereditary character of variable expression and penetrance inDrosophila melanogaster, the penetrance of which varies with temperature but also with the rank order of eggs produced. It is shown that early zygotes are more often affected than late zygotes who not only, but also transmit the character more efficiently to their offspring.     

Ein neues Verfahren zur Herstellung von 19-Norsteroiden

Summary The new methods for the production of 19-norsteroids described involve the conversion of 5-halogen-6-hydroxy-steroids into the corresponding 5-halogen-6:19-ethers either with lead tetraacetate or by the hypoiodite reaction^8,10. The 6:19-oxygen bridge is then opened reductively either directly or after oxidation of the 6:19-ethers to lactones or preferably after introduction of a ^4,6-3-oxo grouping. Acylolytic cleavage of the ⁴-3-oxo-6:19-ethers followed by alkaline hydrolysis gives ^4,6-3-oxo-19-hydroxy-steroids. The 19-hydroxycompounds formed are easily converted into 19-norsteroids by known methods.

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Über Steroide, 189. (vorläufige) Mitteilung; 188. Mitt. vgl.J. Kalvoda, J. Schmidlin, G. Anner undA. Wettstein, Exper.18, 398 (1962).     

17β-Hydroxymethyl-Steroide: Darstellung von Derivaten des 17α-Hydroxy-17β-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-ons

Summary Starting from 17-hydroxy-17-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one, we synthesized 4-chloro-17-hydroxy-17-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one-17, 20-acetonide and 17-hydroxy-17-hydroxymethyl-1, 4-androstadien-3-one. 11, 17-dihydroxy-17-hydroxymethyl-4-androsten-3-one was obtained from cortisone via methyl-17-hydroxy-3, 11-dioxo-4-etienate.     

Cytogénétique desLeggada: (1) La formule chromosomique deMus (Leggada)bufo Th., (2) Nouvelles données sur la délétion portant sur le bras court d'unX chezMus (Leggada)triton Th

Summary The author treats 2 topics connected with his studies on the cytogenetics of the African pigmy-mice. (1)Mus (Leggada) bufo Th. shows the primitive complement already detected in other species or subspecies (minutoides ssp ₁,indutus, tenellus, setulosus): 2N=36,N.F.=36, sex chromosomesPR. (2) The deletion of the short arm of oneX-chromosome (X _dc ) was previously observed as heterozygous mutation by 4 in a sample of 7 and 5 . A more important sample (18 , 21 ) gives the following results: 11 X-X, 10 X-X _dc , 18 X-Y. The occurrence of X _dc -X _dc and of X _dc -Y is also very improbable. It is not easy to understand how the chromosomeX _dc may persist in the population if the complementsX _dc -X _dc andX _dc -Y are lethal, which seems to result from these observations.     

Comparative analysis of human milk and human blood plasma by means of diffusion-in-gel methods

Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe von Immunoelektrophorese und Doppeldiffusiontechnik wurden in Humanmilch an Blutplasmaproteinen serologisch identifiziert: Praealbumin, Albumin, Acid Seromucoid, ₁-Glykoprotein (3·5 S), Coeruloplasmin, Haptoglobin, ₂- oder-Lipoprotein, Transferrin, Fibrinogen, _2A-Globulin, _2M-Globulin und-Globulin.     

Dissociation constants of the complexes between RNA-polymerase II and amanitins

Riassunto Sono state calcolate le costanti di dissociazione dei complessi fra la RNA-polimerasi II e la metil--amanitina, la -amanitina e la metil-aldoamanitina. La K _d è risultata essere 3.6×10^–9 M per la metil--amanitina e 3.2×10^–9 M per la -amanitina. La metil-aldoamanitina non si lega all'enzima.     

Unterschiedliche Empfindlichkeit verschiedener Angiotensinderivate gegen Abbau durch Plasma oder Nierenhomogenat

Summary -Asp¹-Angiotensin II had a more pronounced action on the blood pressure of nephrectomized rats than the corresponding-compound.-Asp¹-Angiotensins were more slowly destroyed by rat serum, rat kidney homogenate, and human plasma than-compounds, especially-Asp¹-Angiotensin II amide.     

Effect of genome size andrrn gene copy numbers of PCR amplification products of 16S rRNA genes from mixed bacterial species

Results and conclusion As determined by image analysis of SYBR green-stained amplification products the experimentally determined ratio corresponded well with the expected ratio calculated from the number ofrrn genes per equimolar amount of DNA in mixtures containing DNA ofEscherichia coli and Thermus thermophilus and DNA ofPseudomonas aeruginosa and T. thermophilus. The values for the pairBacillus subtilis and T. thermophilus showed higher deviation from the predicted value. The dependence of the amount of 16S rDNA amplification products on these two parameters makes it impossible to quantify the number of species present in 16S rDNA clone library of an environmental sample, as long as these two parameters are unknown for these species.     

Interaction of 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate with yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

1--8- () -3- () . []:[]<10:1 140 000 3±1 5×10^–5 . , i 5×10^–5 –6×10^–5 M. , .     

Chromosomes and some issues of the evolution of the ground squirrel genusCitellus (Rodentia: Sciuridae)

Citellus (s. str.) relictus, C. dauricus C. pygmaeus (2=36, NF=72). . (Colobotis) erythrogenys . fulvus -. . (Urocitellus) undulatus (2n=32, NF=64) . columbianus. Citellus, , Citellus, . , .     

Fucosidases du suc digestif d'Helix pomatia

Summary The-d-fucosidase and -l-fucosidase activities of digestive juice ofHelix pomatia have been studied.-d-fucosidase can be separated from-d-galactosidase by heat inactivation.     

Evidence for the extranuclear localization of thymosins in thymus

A new radioimmunoassay has been developed for thymosin ₄ by generating rabbit polyclonal antibodies against the synthetic N-terminal peptide fragment 1–15 coupled to KLH. The synthetic analogue [Tyr¹²]-thymosin ₄ (1–15) was used as tracer. This radioimmunoassay, with a useful range of 10–1000 pmoles, showed cross-reactivity with the second homologous -thymosin of man and rat (thymosin ₁₀) but not of calf (thymosin ₉). This radioimmunoassay, together with an improved radioimmunoassay for the N-terminus of parathymosin , was employed for the measurement of the levels of thymosin ₄ and parathymosin in nuclear and extranuclear extracts of calf thymus. The bulk of these polypeptides was found in the extranuclear material whereas only traces were observed in the nuclear environment, which indicates the extranuclear localisation of - and -thymosins.     

The effect of chloramphenicol analogs on protein biosynthesis in a cell-freeEscherichia coli B system

a aaa a aa aa a a E. coli aa, a aa aa a , a a aa - a .

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Laboratory of Biological Investigations.

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Laboratory for Chemistry of Antibiotics.     

The synthesis of corticosteroids methylated at C21

Zusammenfassung Die Darstellung der beiden epimeren C₂₁-Methylderivate des 9-Fluorprednisolons wird beschrieben. 9-Fluor-21-methyl-1, 4-pregnadien-11, 17, 21B-triol-3, 20-dion-21-azetat ist ein hochwirksames entzündungshemmendes Steroid, vollkommen frei von Nebenwirkungen der Natrium- und Wasserretention des C₂₁-unsubstituierten 9-Fluorprednisolons.     

Précipitation de fractions protéiques du sérum par la chlorpromazine

Summary In vitro, the mixture Chlorpromazine-human serum gives modifications of the lipoproteins and the-globulins. These modifications are studied by paper electrophoresis, Tiselius-electrophoresis, and immuno-electrophoresis. Under the experimental conditions described, the selective precipitation of the ₁-globulins seems quite unexpected.     

Distribution of C19-steroid conjugates in plasma protein fractions

Zusammenfassung Nach. i.v. Gabe von 7-³H-Dehydroepiandrosteron wurde menschliches Plasma einer präparativen Zonenelektrophorese unterworfen und in Albumine, ₁-, ₂-,- und-Globuline zerlegt. Aus den einzelnen Proteinfraktionen trennte man freie Steroide, Steroid-Sulfokonjugate und -Glukuronoside ab und untersuchte letztere Fraktionen auf ihren Gehalt an markierten C₁₉-Steroiden. Es zeigte sich, dass die Steroid-Sulfokonjugate vornehmlich in der Proteinfraktion der Albumine, die Steroid-Glukuronoside dagegen bevorzugt in der Proteinfraktion der ₁-Globuline auftraten.