催化合成马来酸二辛酯的固体超强酸SO4^2—／TiO2的制备

制备了固体超强SO4^2-/TiO2替代用于合成马来酸二辛酯的硫酸、对甲苯磺酸催化剂，并与硫酸对甲苯磺酸的催化结果进行了比较。考察了硫酸浓度、浸渍时间、焙烧温度、焙烧时间对催化剂活性和反应时间对酯化反应的影响。结果表明，对于给定反应，当浸清液硫酸浓度为0．5mol/L、浸溃时间为18h、在550℃下焙烧2h时具有最高的催化活性，用于马来酸酐和正辛醇的酯化反应可得无色透明的酯化产物，3h内酯化率达97．8％。     

用于催化合成马来酸二辛酯的固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2的制备

制备了固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2,用其替代硫酸、对甲苯磺酸催化剂用于合成马来酸二辛酯,并与硫酸、对甲苯磺酸的催化结果作了比较。结果表明:当浸渍液硫酸浓度为1mol/L、浸渍10h、在550℃下焙烧2h时,具有最高的催化活性和使用重复性,用于马来酸酐和正辛醇的酯化反应可得无色透明的酯化产物,3h内脂化率达97.4%。     

用于催化合成马来酸二辛酯的固体超强酸SO4^2—／ZrO2的制备

制备了固体超强酸SO4^2-/ZrO2，用其代硫酸，对甲苯磺酸催化剂用于合成马来酸二辛酯，并与硫酸、对甲苯磺酸的催化结果作了比较。结果表明：当浸渍液硫酸浓度为1mol/L、浸渍10h、在550℃下焙烧2h时，具有最高的催化活性和使用重复性，用于马来酸酐和正辛醇的酯化反应可得无色透明的酯化产物，3h内脂化率达97.4%。     

SO2-4/ZrO2-SiO2 超强酸催化剂研究(Ⅰ)—制备及对乙酸/丁醇酯化反应的催化活性

采用0.3～2.0 mol/dm3 的硫酸水溶液浸渍预焙烧过的二元氧化物, 然后在450～650 ℃ 的温度下焙烧3～5 h, 制得SiO2/ZrO2 摩尔比为1∶9～30的SO42-/ZrO2-SiO2催化剂.ZrO2-SiO2 二元氧化物前体由沉淀/混合沉淀法制得.对于乙酸/丁醇酯化反应,所制得的催化剂的活性比传统的SO2-4/ZrO2催化剂高6～10倍.考察了SiO2/ZrO2摩尔比,硫酸水溶液浓度,预焙烧温度和焙烧温度等制备条件对催化剂活性的影响.SiO2/ZrO2摩尔比为10～15,以1.0 mol/dm3 硫酸溶液浸渍,且在550℃温度下焙烧制得的催化剂表现出最好的催化活性.     

新型固体超强酸S2O82-/TiO2的酯催化性能研究

利用低温方法制备了S2O82-/TiO2固体超强酸催化剂,研究了该催化剂在乙酸和异戊醇酯化反应中的催化活性和稳定性.观察了焙烧温度、（NH4）2S2O8溶液浸渍浓度对催化剂催化性能的影响,以及催化剂用量、醇酸比、反应时间、反应温度等因素对酯化率的影响.结果表明：在450～500℃焙烧和用1.00mol/L的（NH4）2S2O8浸渍所得的S2O82-/TiO2对酯化反应具有良好的催化活性,反应的最佳醇酸摩尔比为1.2：1,催化剂用量为反应物料总量的1.0%,反应时间1.5h,反应温度110～120℃,酯化率可达95%.     

SO42-促进铈改性SBA-15分子筛催化合成乙酸正丁酯

采用一步法制备了铈改性SBA-15分子筛(Ce-SBA-15),进一步用硫酸浸渍处理改性分子筛以增强分子筛表面的酸活性中心.以改性材料为催化剂催化合成乙酸正丁酯,考察了催化剂的制备条件.实验结果表明,将铈改性SBA-15分子筛以1 mol/L硫酸浸渍后,在500℃条件下焙烧3 h,用于合成乙酸正丁酯,反应2h后,酯化率可达到97.28%.     

SO42-/ZrO2系列固体超强酸的制备与应用

本文对采用不同方法制备了两种SO4^2-/ZrO2系列的SO4^2-/ZrO2-TiO2和SO4^2-/ZrO2-Al2O3固体超强酸催化剂，并以顺丁烯二酸酐和正丁醇的酯化反应为探针反应，考察了Zr：A1，Zr：Ti的原于配比，焙烧温度，焙烧时间以及浸渍液硫酸的浓度对催化剂活性的影响。     

固体酸SO2-4/SnO2-杭锦2#土催化合成乙酸松油酯

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备SO2-4/SnO2-杭锦2#土固体酸催化剂,将其用于松油醇和乙酸酐的酯化反应,系统考察了催化剂的制备条件对酯化反应活性的影响,采用红外光谱、热重-差热、X-射线衍射、比表面分析等对催化剂进行表征,结果表明,最佳制备条件为:SnCl4溶液浓度0.3 mol/L,硫酸浸渍浓度2.5 mol/L.焙烧温度350℃.该条件下,松油醇转化率达到99%以上,产物中乙酸松油酯的选择性达90%.     

新型固体超强酸S_2O_8~(2-)/TiO_2的酯催化性能研究

利用低温方法制备了S2O82-/TiO2固体超强酸催化剂,研究了该催化剂在乙酸和异戊醇酯化反应中的催化活性和稳定性。观察了焙烧温度(、NH4)2S2O8溶液浸渍浓度对催化剂催化性能的影响,以及催化剂用量、醇酸比、反应时间、反应温度等因素对酯化率的影响。结果表明:在450~500℃焙烧和用1.00mol/L的(NH4)2S2O8浸渍所得的S2O82-/TiO2对酯化反应具有良好的催化活性,反应的最佳醇酸摩尔比为1.2∶1,催化剂用量为反应物料总量的1.0%,反应时间1.5h,反应温度110~120℃,酯化率可达95%。     

固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2催化合成L-乳酸四氢糠酯

制备了固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2,并将其用于催化L-乳酸与四氢糠醇的酯化反应.通过气相色谱跟踪反应,确定最佳反应条件为:硫酸浸泡浓度为1.0mol/L,固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2焙烧温度为450℃,焙烧时间为4.5h,带水剂为环己烷,醇酸摩尔比为2.5:1,催化剂用量为L-乳酸质量的8%,酯化反应时间为6h.在此条件下,合成L-乳酸四氢糠酯产率可达82.68%,精酯收率76.02%,产品化学纯度97.84%,光学纯度97.62%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has