Äußere Abmessungen von Fadenmolekülen in Lösung

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Leukocytenemigrationsförderung durch Antigen-Antikörper-Reaktionin vitro

Summary Pronounced stimulation of leucocytic migration can be produced by addition of low concentrations of different anti-chicken anti-sera to chicken leucocytes migrating in corresponding plasma. The effective substance is present in the precipitate produced by precipitating anti-serum.     

Löslichkeitserhöhung von Sulfonamiden durch Pektin

Summary The addition of pectin increases the water solubility of different sulfonamide compounds and salicylic acid. It should be emphasized that this effect is not only observed with the acid pectin but also with neutral sodium pectinate.     

Über die Änderung der Hydrolyse von Tetrachlorkohlenstoff durch Röntgenstrahlen bei Zugabe von Alkohol

Summary Hydrolysis of carbon tetrachloride in aqueous solutions by X-rays is changed quantitatively and qualitatively when alcohol is added to the solutions. This change is conform with a new theory of the actions of radiations published recently by one of the authors.     

Leukozytenemigrationsfördernde Wirkung durch Leukozytenschädigung

Summary Leukocytic cells after slight damage produce stimulation of migration of other normal leucocytes; normal leukocytes inhibit to some extent migration of other normal leukocytes, killed leukocytes have no effect. The significance of this result is, that secondary accumulation of leukocytes with not primary chemotactic substances may be explained by the interaction of damaged leukocytes.     

Über die Auslösung der Fluchtreaktion bei Fliegen

Summary Contrary toGaffron, 1934, it has been shown that when flies flee from the catching hand, this reaction is merely due to optical stimuli (experiments with flies behind glass). Air movements play no part in this connection (experiments with blinded flies).     

Förderung der P-Aufnahme von Bohnenpflanzen durch Kinetin

Summary Water culture experiments with 10-day-old plants ofVicia faba were carried out, concerning the influence of kinetin on the uptake of phosphorus (³²P) by the roots. When kinetin was applied to the leaves, the phosphorus uptake of the roots and the upper parts of the plants was increased. On the other hand, when kinetin was added to the nutrient solution, the phosphorus uptake was decreased.     

Modifikation der histologischen und hämatologischen Veränderungen bei Ratten nach Gaben von Trichlortriäthylamin-Hydrochlorid-Lösungen durch Äthernarkose

Summary The action of nitrogen mustard TS 160 (trichlortriethyl amine hydrochloride) upon the cellular structure of spleen, bone marrow, and Lieberkühns gland of the intestine is weaker in ether narcosis in rats. The same effect is noticed in the blood of the experimental rats. Narcosis cannot prevent the death of the experimental rats after lethal doses of this agent.     

Die Beeinflussbarkeit der Tiegelschen Kontraktur durch Änderungen der extracellulären Calciumkonzentration

Summary 1. The occurrence of Tiegel's contractures in phasic and tonic muscles is significantly influenced by the extracellular calcium concentration. 2. Muscles of both types show only small and short aftercontractures after preceding treatment with calciumfree Ringer's solution and become refractory to repeated stimuli while in the relaxed state. 3. Muscles of both types, however, which have been pretreated with calcium-rich Ringer's solution, show strong and long-lasting after-contractures and become refractory to repeated stimuli while in a state of maximal contracture. 4. The possible explanations for this different behaviour are briefly discussed and it is assumed that calcium ions have several sites of action within the muscle cell.     

Über die Gestalt von Fadenmolekülen in Lösung

Summary Some arguments put forward byG. Bier in a recent article in order to supportH. Staudinger's assumption that chain molecules in solution should behave like straight rigid rods are examined. It is shown that the assumptions made byG. Bier are largely arbitrary. The main argument is the assumption that the C-C-bond in long chain molecules should not show any rotation. As far as this point is concerned, attention is drawn to some recent publications showing that the viscosity of shape of chain molecules can be determined by experiment (specific viscosity and double refraction of flow at high velocity gradients). According to these determinations the time necessary for a complete change of shape, using partially free rotation, is of the order of 10^–5–10^–3 seconds for molecules like nitrocellulose or polystyrene up to degrees of polymerization of several thousands and for viscosities of the solvent of the order of 10^–2 poises.     

Produktion von leukozytenemigrationsfördernden Stoffen durch grampositive Keimein vitro

Summary Streptococcus pyogenes haemolyticus grown in glucose broth is capable of producing or liberating a heat-stable factor of high molecular weight which stimulates the emigration of leucocytesin vitro, only if certain animal organs are present.     

Förderung der gastrointestinalen Resorption von Heparin durch Calciumbindungsmittel

Summary The gastroenteral absorption of heparin in rats as measured by clearing-factor activation is considerably enhanced by simultaneous administration of a number of calcium-binding substances as ethylendiamine-tetraacetate, sodium citrate, ion-exchangers, soaps and phosphates.Single oral administrations of heparin at the very high dose of 2 g/kg also lead to a maximum activity of the clearing factor.A binding of calcium ions seems to enable the intestinal absorption of heparin in all these cases.     

Hydrodynamisches Ähnlichkeitsprinzip zur Bestimmung von Gelstrukturen aus Durchströmungsversuchen

Summary The permeability of jellies of known structure can be determined by experiments on models by application of a principle of hydrodynamical similarity.     

Phtalocyanine in wässriger Lösung. Zum Mechanismus der Metallkomplexbildung

Summary The mechanism of incorporation of different mental ions into phthalocyaninetetrasulfonic acid in aqueous solution has been investigated. It was found that the rate of the reacion with Cu²⁺ depends on the dissociation rate of the N-H-bond of this porphyrin-like chelating agent, whereas the reaction rate with other metal ions, like Zn²⁺, does not.

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II. Mitt. Siehe I. Mitt.:K. Bernauer undS. Fallab, Helv.44, 1287 (1961).

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Herrn Prof. Dr.H. Erlenmeyer sind wir für sein reges Interesse an dieser Arbeit zu bestem Dank verpflichtet.     

Senkung der Körpertemperatur bei Mäusen durch Librium

Summary Librium Roche decreases the body temperature of mice in proportion to the dose given.     

Zum Mechanismus der Immuncytolyse durch heterologe Antikörper und Komplement

Summary Heterologous antibodies of the Ehrlich ascites tumor, in the presence of complement, cause a rapid drop of the ATP in the cells of this tumor. Probably there is a relation between this effect and the immune cytolysis.

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FräuleinMarianne Kaestner und FrauChrista Duba danke ich für ihre gewissenhafte Mitarbeit. Die Untersuchungen wurden 1957–1959 am Max-Planck-Institut für Virusforschung in Tübingen und am Pathologischen Institut der Universität München, zum Teil mit Mitteln der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft, durchgeführt.     

Die thermodynamischen Grössen der Aktivierung der Phosphationenaufnahme durch Gerstenwurzeln

Summary From experiments on the uptake of phosphorus by excised barley roots, the temperature function of the rate-constant of this uptake reaction was determined and the enthalpy, free enthalpy and entropy of activation were calculated.     

Ähnlichkeit und Unterschied Leukozytenemigrationsfördernder Wirkung gram-positiver und gram-negativer Bakterien

Summary Live gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria cause circular and chemotactic eccentric promotion of leucocyte emigration in a similar manner. In the case of gramnegative bacteria this effect corresponds to that of their polysaccharides, whereas in the case of gram-positive bacteria the polysaccharides are inactive.Thus, although gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria both have a similar effect on leucocyte emigration, the underlying mechanism of action is different.