用于超短脉冲放大的掺铒光纤放大器的研究

本文报道了用１４６９ｎｍ激光二极管泵浦的掺铒光纤放大器应用于超短光脉冲放大的实验结果．对１．５５μｍ，２．４ＧＨｚ的信号光，增益为１８ｄＢ，最大输出信号峰值功率可达４０ｍＷ，光脉冲经放大器后波形没有畸变，放大后的光脉冲实现了５３Ｋｍ的光孤子传输．     

用于超脉冲放大的掺铒光纤放大器的研究

本文报道了用１４９ｎｍ激光二极管泵浦的掺饵光纤放大器应用于超短光脉冲放大的实验结果，对１．５５μｍ２．４ＧＨｚ的信号光，增益为１８ｄＢ，最大输出信号峰值功率可达４０ｍＷ光脉冲经放大器后波没有畸变，放大后的光脉冲实现了５３Ｋｍ的光孤子传输。     

掺铒光纤放大器的特性研究

从理论和实验两方面研究了掺铒光纤放大器的输出特性。在理论上用数值模拟的方法研究了泵浦功率、信号光强度、光纤长度等参数的变化对输出特性的影响。通过实验研究了泵浦光源的输出功率和驱动电流的关系、放大器的增益与泵浦功率和输入信号光功率的关系。研究表明实验结果和数值模拟结果相吻合,对掺铒光纤放大器的结构设计,以及改善掺铒光纤放大器的增益特性有一定的指导作用。     

保偏掺铒光纤放大器的实验研究

给出一种全保偏掺铒光纤放大器,为了提高放大器的泵浦效率、输出信噪比和输出功率,实验中对放大器结构和光纤参数进行优化.结果表明,该放大器的输出功率可达105 mW,输出信噪比达到40 dB以上,具有较佳的输出特性.     

级联光纤放大器多通道传输系统的性能

研究了光纤放大器噪声和光纤四波混频（ＦＷＭ）对级联光纤放大器多通道传输系统性能的影响。对传输速率为１Ｇｂ／ｓ和信道间隔为１０ＧＨｚ的２０路ＦＳＫ直接检测和外差检测的系统，当信号在常规光纤中传输１０００ｋｍ后，中间信道的最小功率代价分别为０．９和０．３８ｄＢ；对于色散位移光纤，最小功率代价分别为１．７５和０．７ｄＢ。     

用于光纤放大器的泵浦与信号复用器的研究

光纤复用器是用在光纤放大品将泵浦光与信号光进行复合的关键无源器件，通过理论计算并经实验证实，用两复合波长光功率变化的半周期差控制光纤熔锥长度是制造复用器的有效方法，所研制的熔锥型１．４８／１．５５μｍ、０．９８／１．５５μ，和０．８／１．３μｍ３种泵浦光与信号光的复用器，其附加损耗均小于０．５ｄＢ，波长隔离度均优于２０ｄＢ．     

光通信中EDFA的工作原理和发展趋势

介绍掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)的工作原理及应用，分析比较固定增益光放大器和自动增益调整光放大器的性能，展望掺铒光纤放大器与喇曼光纤放大器的联合使用。     

光纤通信系统中的掺铒光纤放大器技术

掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)的信号增益谱很宽,达125GHz或更高,可用于宽带通信,是全光通信网中的关键技术器件.本文介绍了掺铒光纤放大器在全光同络中发挥的作用,阐述了掺铒光纤放大器的特点和应用.着重分析了掺铒光纤放大器在全光通信系统中的工作原理.并对其发展前景作出了展望.     

1.3μm氟化物光纤受激辐射和放大的研究

用氩离子激光器作激励源，实验证实了氟化物玻璃光纤１．３μｍ的光辐射，给出了相应的理论模型。根据光纤中原子和电场相互作用原理，计算了掺镨和掺钕两种氟化物光纤的激励效率、增益和饱和输出特性，为１．３μｍ光纤放大器的应用提供了实验和理论设计依据。     

用于空间光通信系统的掺铒光纤前置放大器设计

本文针对掺铒光纤放大器小信号放大特性,通过对掺铒光纤光放大理论模型进行数值模拟,来论证掺铒光纤放大器在空间光通信系统中应用的可行性,并对作为接收前置放大的掺铒光纤放大器进行了优化设计。结果表明,该掺铒光纤放大器能够较好地抑制ASE噪声,且较好地实现了增益和饱和输出功率的均衡。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-