霍山灌木植物群落的数量分类

本文选择霍山坡51个样方44个种用东坡54个样方40个种的重要值经中心化处理的数据为属性参数,采用欧氏距离系数定义样方实体间的距离,用类平均法将西坡51个样方划为15个群系,东坡54个样方划为12个群系。并就类平均法的可行性加以讨论。     

山西霍山暖温带次生林植物功能型的划分

采用群落生态学的调查方法,在霍山七里峪设置80个样方.根据调查结果,通过计算重要值, 选取30个优势度相对较大的植物种进行种间联结及相关性分析, 以χ2检验为基础, 结合联结系数AC和共同出现百分率PC并结合TWINSPAN分类和DCA排序划分植物功能型.结果表明,随着海拔等环境因子的变化,可以将七里峪天然次生林划分为五个功能型.     

红花15个品种的聚类分析

通过对在新疆栽培的15个国内外红花品种的试验研究,利用12个农艺性状,根据遗传距离,用系统聚类方法,对品种材料进行分类。聚类开始,把遗传距离最近的两个品种聚为一组,随后不断将遗传距离最近的组和品种聚合,直至把所有品种都聚在一个组内。聚类结果,15个红花品种可分三个类群,为红花育种正确选配亲本提供理论依据。     

青藏高原东部高寒草甸群落组分时间变化

文章通过青藏高原东部高寒草甸群落封育样方、施肥样方、放牧样方中群落组分种的随时间变化研究,以此,探讨高寒草甸不同生境中群落结构变化。结果表明:封育样方和放牧样方中返青后物种数逐渐增加,从花期到结实期物种数达到最高值,施肥样方中从返青到开花、结实期之间物种数增加不显著。在封育样方和放牧样方之间多样性变化差异不显著,样方之间群落相似性高;施肥样方中物种数、多样性和均匀度显著(P0.05)降低,群落相似性差异显著(P0.05)。在三个实验生境中从6月到8月初群落物种数、多样性、均匀度处于高峰期,到8月中旬后群落指数开始降低。     

霍山植被群落学特征的定量研究

本文通过对霍山森林植被110个样方和80余种乔、灌木植物重要值(Ⅳ)的计测;对种类组成、群落外貌、群落垂直结构等三个方面进行了群落生态特征的研究.对696种维管植物的科、属统计和生活型组成的分析.阐明了霍山植被和环境之间相互作用的规律.     

山西霍山油松群落的数量分类研究

以霍山七里峪景区油松群落为研究对象,在野外调查的基础上,典型取样60个,采用双向指示种分析法对油松群落划分群丛,结果表明：该群落共有物种55个,隶属于22科,48属．根据物种重要值的统计,绣线菊和羊胡子草在该群落中占绝对优势,是灌木层和草本层的优势种,重要值分别是0．465和0．661．根据双向指示种分析法数量分类结果,可将油松群落60个样方划分为16个群丛．根据生态学意义,可将16个群丛合并为8个群落类型．     

山西霍山毛榛群落区系特征及分布格局的研究

采用样方法对山西霍山七里峪毛榛群落进行调查,共设置样方130个,样地总面积1 600 m2.分析了毛榛群落的种类组成、区系特点、群落外貌、分布格局等群落学特征.结果表明：毛榛群落物种丰富度较高;区系以北温带分布为主;优势种主要为集群分布.     

山西霍山红柄白鹃梅群落特征的研究

采用样方法对山西霍山红柄白鹃梅群落进行调查,分析了红柄白鹃梅群落的种类组成、区系特点、群落外貌、垂直结构等群落学特征,计测了常见物种的重要值指标,并采用TWINSPAN双向指示种分析法对红柄白鹃梅群落划分群丛,计测不同群丛的Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数.结果表明:该群落共出现95种植物,隶属于39科77属,北温带分布属占优势,显示了红柄白鹃梅群落具有北温带性质.地面芽植物和高位芽植物是该群落的优势层片,反映了了本区夏季水热条件良好,冬季漫长、寒冷、干旱的气候特点.群落垂直结构可分为灌木层、草本层和地被层.根据TWINSPAN数量分类结果,可将霍山红柄白鹃梅群落53个样方划分为13个群丛,D指数、H指数和J指数在描述群丛性质、结构和数量特征时具有较好的一致性.     

福建海岛草丛植被的等级聚合分类

福建海岛草丛植被是海岛的重要资源,植被调查是实现沿海地区经济发展战略的重要措施之一。本文用等级聚合分类把福建海岛22个样地的草丛植被分为10个类型。揭示了按优势种划分的各个类型之间的联系和区别,表明了群落样地中的种类组成与环境之间的关系。研究证明,等级聚合分类在草丛植被分类中是可行的。     

基于CCA排序的霍山森林植物功能型划分

采用群落生态学的调查方法,在霍山七里峪设置80个样方并采集土壤样品.通过计算重要值和测定土壤理化性质(pH值、含水量、有机质含量、N、P、K含量),建立样方×物种矩阵和样方×环境矩阵,用CCA排序划分植物功能型.结果表明,随着海拔等环境因子的变化,可以将七里峪天然次生林划分为:F1山核桃Carya cathayensi...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the