上转换材料纳米颗粒的制备及其性能表征

讲述利用Triton X-100/正己醇/环己烷/正己烷/水制成W/O微乳反胶团体系制备尺寸和形貌可控的Gd2O3Yb,Er和Y2O3Yb,Er上转换材料并对其性能进行研究和表征.利用扫描电镜观察氧化物粉体两种颗粒形貌均为球形;X射线结果显示两种氧化物粉体均为立方相;改变Yb和Er的比例,在980nm的红外光激发下,观察研究氧化物颗粒的发光性质.     

反胶团法提取溶菌酶的研究

本文对AOT/异辛烷反胶团用于从鸡蛋清中萃取溶菌酶进行了研究.对商品AOT、精制AOT和重复使用的AOT加以比较后发现未经提纯处理的商品AOT对萃取虽有影响,但仍具实用性.AOT/异辛烷反胶团系统能有效地保护溶菌酶的活性.此外,对AOT浓度、水相pH值、离子强度等对萃取过程的影响也作了讨论.     

超临界CO2介质中反胶团的形成与热力学

以甲基橙为溶剂化探针，根据其在超临界CO2／表面活性剂／助表面活性剂多元体系中的增溶情况，推断在正丁醇作用下，二辛酯琥珀酸磺酸钠（AOT）与辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚（TX-10）在超临界CO2介质中形成了反胶团．反胶团的形成是一个热力学自发过程：对于非离子表面活性剂TX-10，形成反胶团的主要动力来源于体系熵增加．对于阴离子型表面活性剂AOT，在低温下，熵增加是反胶团形成的主要动力；温度较高时，焓变成为反胶团形成的主要推动力．     

表面活性剂及其复配体系对漆酶活性和稳定性的影响

本文研究了5种表面活性剂Brij-35、Tween-80、TX-100、AOT和甜菜碱对漆酶活性和稳定性的影响,探讨漆酶最适宜的反应温度和pH值,并通过Brij-35与其他4种表面活性剂组建不同类型的复配体系,分析在表面活性剂复配体系中漆酶活性与稳定性的变化情况。结果表明,不同类型和浓度的表面活性剂对漆酶催化性能的影响各异,影响方式主要取决于其头部基团的离子性质;加入表面活性剂后,漆酶的最佳反应温度(40℃)没有改变,最佳pH值(3.0)基本没变,但添加AOT的漆酶最佳pH值迁移到3.5;在合适条件下,表面活性剂可以提高漆酶的活性和稳定性,在4种复配体系中,非离子型与非离子型复配的表面活性剂(Brij-35/Tween-80,Brij-35/TX-100)最有利于漆酶的稳定性。     

野菊对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用及其相关化学成分研究

以α-葡萄糖苷酶为靶点,研究野菊降糖作用机制,测试野菊提取物对其活性抑制作用,并筛选出相关化合物.用系统溶剂提取法制备野菊花、叶、根和茎的提取物,进行α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制实验,确定活性部位;用液相-高分辨质谱分析各提取物的化学成分差异,筛选在活性部位高表达的化合物.野菊花的正丁醇、乙酸乙酯和二氯甲烷部位,根的正丁醇和二氯甲烷部位,茎的乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷和正己烷部位IC₅₀小于10μg/mL,经质谱分析从这些活性部位中筛选出高表达的19个化合物.结果表明野菊植物中含有抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的化合物;质谱分析中得到的19个潜在相关的化合物,可作为进一步研究的基础.     

鲶鱼下脚料中鱼油的提取及贮藏稳定性研究

以鲶鱼下脚料为原料,研究丙酮、正丁醇、正己烷–异丙醇等有机溶剂对鱼油的萃取效果,并研究鲶鱼鱼油的贮藏稳定性.结果表明:正己烷–异丙醇法从鲶鱼碎肉中提取鱼油效果最佳,正己烷–异丙醇的体积比为3∶2,提取时间20,min,反萃取时正己烷–异丙醇的体积比为7∶2时,提取率达到27.92%,且鱼油的感观质量较好;提取出的鱼油在0~4,℃冷藏或添加100,mg/kg VE后常温下贮存稳定性较高.经测定,鲶鱼鱼油的不饱和脂肪酸质量分数达到65.84%,必需脂肪酸的质量分数达19.96%,具有很高的营养价值.     

Triton X-100对漆酶处理苯酚的影响

研究了Triton X-100对漆酶氧化去除水溶液中苯酚的作用.苯酚和漆酶浓度分别是50 mg/L和 0.05 mg/mL时,提高苯酚去除率的Triton X-100最佳浓度是155 μM．Triton X-100的浓度从31~930 μM时漆酶活性随之增长,在930 μM Triton X-100存在时有最大增值17%.苯酚的初始浓度分别为50, 100, 200, 400和600 mg/L 时,155 μM Triton X-100作用下6 h后,苯酚去除率分别是对照组的1.2, 1.6, 3.4, 4.5和5.7倍.结果表明Triton X-100可以作为水处理或修复过程的添加剂来提高由漆酶催化的苯酚去除率.     

超声化学法制备纳米WO_3及其光催化氧化性能研究

文章以钨酸钠和盐酸为原料,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵/正丁醇/环己烷为分散剂,在超声振荡条件下,得到钨酸纳米粒子,500℃恒温3 h,最终产物WO3粒径主要分布在50-80 nm。采用XRD、TEM对粉体进行了系统的表征。同时研究了WO3纳米粒子的光催化氧化性能。结果表明,纳米WO3具有较好的光催化活性和良好的稳定性。     

微乳液对部分难溶芳烃的增溶作用及机理

比较研究了Triton X-100(TX100)溶液和TX100-正己烷-水微乳液对1,4-二氯苯(1,4DCB)、1,2,3-三氯苯(1,2,3-TCB)、联苯(BP)和芘(Py)的增溶作用及机理,提出了微乳液中溶质分配系数(Kem)的计算方法.TX100浓度相同时,做乳液对难溶芳烃的增溶容量显著大于胶束溶液,溶质的表观溶解度分别与微乳液中TX100和正己烷的浓度呈正相关.     

油包水微乳液介质中脂肪酶催化α-单硬脂酸甘油酯水解反应活性研究

以α-单硬脂酸甘油酯为底物研究油包水（W／O）微乳液介质中脂肪酶的水解催化活性。结果表明，由AOT／水／正庚烷构成的ω/O微乳液体系的w0值、pH值、缓冲液离子浓度、AOT浓度等参数对脂肪酶催化活性有影响，最佳酶活力对应的微乳液组成为：w0=8;pH=7.17(67mmol/L的KH2PO4－Na2HPO4缓冲液）；[AOT]=0.10mmol/L。研究还表明，微乳液介质中，脂肪酶催化α-单硬脂酸甘油酯水解反应动力学与水介质中相类似；当酶浓度恒定时，反应速率与底物浓度的关系符合Michaelis-Menten方程，最大反应速率vmax（用脂肪酶活力表示）约为156u,米氏常数Km约为5．6mmol/L；当底物浓度恒定时，反应速率与酶浓度成正比。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that