考虑水-力耦合和不同应力路径的砂岩卸荷力学特性试验

为研究不同渗透压力条件下的岩石卸荷力学特性,选取砂岩为研究对象,开展了不同渗透压力和不同应力路径下的三轴卸荷试验,并与常规三轴试验进行对比,比较了不同应力路径下的岩石强度特性,分析了渗透压力对岩石变形和强度参数的影响。试验结果表明：渗透压力的增大会弱化岩石强度,岩石的峰值强度随渗透压力的增大而降低,而轴向变形随渗透压力增大而增加,渗透压力越大,岩石的压密段特征越明显;针对两种不同的卸荷应力路径,恒轴压卸围压路径条件下,岩石的黏聚力不断降低,内摩擦角不断增加,而加轴压卸围压路径条件下,岩石的黏聚力不断增加,内摩擦角逐渐降低。     

围压作用下岩石峰后应力-应变关系模型

假定峰后软化阶段任意一点皆满足摩尔库仑极限破坏条件,建立岩石峰后后继屈服面模型。利用岩石峰值处和残余阶段初始处应力状态绘制几组莫尔应力圆,获得不同围压下峰值处和残余阶段初始处的黏聚力c和内摩擦角φ,然后分别建立黏聚力c和内摩擦角φ同围压的函数关系。基于莫尔-库仑准则,以最大主应变ε作为软化参数,以分段线性函数形式演化黏聚力c和内摩擦角φ的正切,反求内摩擦角φ,从而建立岩石峰后应力-应变关系模型。数值算例研究Tennessee大理岩三轴试验的峰后应变软化过程,模拟结果与试验结果较吻合。研究结果表明:建立的峰后应力-应变关系模型合理而可靠,可以较好地描述不同围压下岩石的峰后力学行为。     

干湿循环作用下预崩解炭质泥岩强度特性及其劣化机制

为明确干湿循环对预崩解炭质泥岩强度特性和微观结构的影响,通过三轴剪切、扫描电镜试验,分析其强度特性和微观结构参数随干湿循环次数的变化规律,并结合强度指标和微观结构参数之间的联系,揭示预崩解炭质泥岩强度劣化机制。研究结果表明：6次干湿循环后,预崩解炭质泥岩黏聚力和内摩擦角降幅分别达60.10%和8.83%;随干湿循环次数增加,圆形小孔的数量始终最高且呈增大趋势,平均面积最大为0.010μm²,同时,部分发育汇集成细长形大孔,平均面积最小为0.626μm²;颗粒定向频率F_i(α)整体经历均匀分布、大区间局部优先分布、小区间局部优先分布3个阶段;颗粒定向概率熵、三轴几何平均径降幅分别为4.95%、24.27%;黏聚力主要受小孔、大孔面积影响;内摩擦角主要受颗粒的定向概率熵、三轴几何平均径影响;在干湿循环下,叠聚体反复胀缩,内部应力更加集中,孔隙不断发育,导致黏聚力显著降低;内摩擦角因颗粒定向化及破碎而降低;黏聚力和内摩擦角不同程度的衰减引起预崩解炭质泥岩强度降低。     

高围压高水压条件下岩石卸荷强度特性试验研究

为了探讨高围压、高水压对岩石卸荷强度特性的影响,取锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞岩石(大理岩、砂岩及板岩)分别进行高围压、无水压峰前卸荷,高围压、无水压峰后卸荷及高围压、高水压峰前卸荷3种工况下的三轴压缩对比试验.试验结果表明,高围压、无水压工况下,岩石达到峰值强度后,与峰前卸荷相比,已经有很多的细小裂纹,其损伤程度远远大于峰值前岩石的损伤程度.高围压、无水压峰后卸荷时的黏聚力c、内摩擦角(p)与峰前卸荷的黏聚力c、内摩擦角(9)相比,有很大程度的降低.而高水压力的存在相当于降低了初始围压,也就是降低了岩石裂隙面及破坏面上的有效正应力,加速了岩石的破裂,从而降低了岩石的强度,因此高围压、高水压峰前卸荷的黏聚力c、内摩擦角(9)与高围压、无水压峰前卸荷相比,有很大程度的降低,且黏聚力c比内摩擦角(9)更加敏感.     

基于正交试验的岩石细观力学参数数值研究

利用颗粒流程序,基于平直节理接触模型,进行了七因素三水平的正交数值试验,研究了接触面单元数N、平直节理模量Ec、平直节理刚度比kr、摩擦系数μ、平直节理抗拉强度σc、平直节理黏聚力c和平直节理内摩擦角θ等7种细观参数对岩石宏观力学参数的影响.研究结果表明:N、σc和c是影响岩石强度特性的显著性因素,岩石抗拉强度、单轴抗压强度和黏聚力与N呈负相关关系,与σc和c呈正相关关系;Ec和kr则是影响岩石变形特性的显著性因素,Ec主要对弹性模量起控制作用,kr主要影响岩石的泊松比和弹性模量,岩石的弹性模量与Ec呈正相关关系,与kr呈负相关关系,泊松比与kr呈正相关关系;摩擦系数对岩石宏观参数的影响与围压有关,围压可诱发颗粒间的剪切滑移机制;θ只对单轴抗压强度、黏聚力和内摩擦角产生一定的影响,但并不显著,对其余宏观参数几乎不产生影响;细观参数标定实例表明基于正交试验标定岩石细观力学参数的方法是可靠的.     

强度折减最短路径在浅埋隧道极限分析的存在性研究

将强度折减最短路径理论,应用于有限元强度折减与极限平衡强度折减分析中,假定黏聚力和内摩擦角按不同折减系数进行强度折减,结合具体算例探讨在双参数强度折减时黏聚力与内摩擦角的合理折减比例,同时考虑隧道埋深与洞跨比值的影响,证明了在浅埋隧道极限分析中强度折减最短路径存在的合理性.研究结果表明:在浅埋隧道强度折减最短路径分析中,随着黏聚力与内摩擦角折减比例λ=Fc/Fφ的增大,黏聚力的折减系数逐渐增大,内摩擦角的折减系数逐渐减小,折减路径长度先减小后增大,两者近似服从抛物线分布,证明存在最短折减路径;同时在强度折减最短路径下,黏聚力的折减幅度要大于内摩擦角,且随着埋深的增加,两者折减幅度逐渐接近.     

基于可拓理论的边坡强度指标

基于可拓理论,从3个层次5个指标建立了边坡稳定性评价指标体系,研究了内摩擦角和黏聚力对边坡稳定性的影响,给出了抗剪强度参数与安全系数之间的数量关系.研究结果表明:随内摩擦角和黏聚力的增大安全系数呈线性增大,且内摩擦角对安全系数的敏感性明显大于黏聚力对安全系数的敏感性.最后,基于安全、经济、高效的原则,采用锚杆措施对辽宁省小盘岭边坡进行加固处理.     

石灰掺量对分散性土工程性质的时效影响分析

为研究不同石灰掺量和龄期对新疆某地分散性土长期力学性能的影响,通过改性研究和力学性质试验,探讨不同石灰掺量和龄期下改性土的变形与强度变化规律。结果表明：随石灰掺量增加,分散性抑制效果越好,最大干密度逐渐降低,内摩擦角增大,黏聚力和无侧限抗压强度先增大后减小,压缩系数先减小后增大,最后趋于稳定;随龄期延长,压缩系数减小,黏聚力、内摩擦角和无侧限抗压强度增大。当石灰掺量为3%时,分散性土改性为非分散性土,无侧限抗压强度达到峰值,龄期为3d、28d时,其强度提高48.24%、252.74%;当掺量为5%时,黏聚力取得极大值,龄期3d和28d的改性土黏聚力分别增加14.67%、50.05%。龄期越长,强度越高,改性土越脆,适应变形能力减弱。     

考虑基质吸力影响的非饱和均质边坡稳定性分析

控制吸力条件下非饱和土的强度特性主要基于膨胀土,文章针对侯禹高速公路某边坡黄土进行控制吸力固结不排水三轴剪切试验,主要研究了有效应力强度参数黏聚力c和内摩擦角φ随基质吸力的变化规律,并基于强度折减法对一定基质吸力影响下的该边坡进行稳定性分析。结果表明:黏聚力c随基质吸力的增大变化明显,而内摩擦角φ随基质吸力的增大基本不变;随基质吸力的增大安全系数增大;在低吸力阶段,增大幅度较大,随基质吸力的增大,增大幅度变小。     

地聚物影响因素对黄土强度的试验研究

为了探究黄土基地聚物因素对固化黄土强度的影响,文中以黄土作为地聚物加固的主体,对影响地聚物强度的激发剂浓度、激发剂模数、碱浓度三个因素进行研究。通过固化黄土和天然黄土的不固结不排水三轴剪切试验,以及100倍下SEM观测结果,并结合PCAS软件分析固化黄土的黏聚力、内摩擦角和孔隙颗粒微观状态,考察地聚物不同因素对固化黄土宏观和微观层面的影响规律。结果表明:固化黄土强度随激发剂浓度的增加先上升后下降,随激发剂模数的增大而减小,随碱浓度的增大先上升后下降,且养护14 d的固化强度已经达到28 d强度的80%以上。固化黄土的强度在激发剂浓度和碱浓度分别占土体含水量的30%和15%、激发剂模数为1.0时达到峰值,固化黄土的黏聚力达到了163 kPa,内摩擦角达到了28.7°,比较天然黄土的黏聚力和内摩擦角,其黏聚力提升了大约10倍,内摩擦角提升了约7°;其颗粒呈现有序性排列,颗粒化程度减弱,孔隙整体倾向圆滑,孔隙率大幅度减小。据此不同组分配比条件,可有效提高固化黄土强度。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with