运行车速预测中的汽车换档

针对汽车行驶中,驾驶员主要根据汽车的动力性进行减速换档的实际情况,在汽车加速换档的基础上,研究了汽车进行减速换档的规律。根据驾驶员实际操作规律,提出了动力换档法,以东风EQ 140为例,确定了汽车进行减速换档时的最佳运行速度。最后给出了汽车换档的速度损失计算公式。     

装有液力变矩器的自动变速汽车的最佳动力性换档规律

换档规律是自动变速汽车换档控制的核心内容．本根据装有液力变矩器的自动变速器在汽车实际行驶自动换档变速过程中的工作原理,从理论上分析研究计算的方法,探求最佳动力性的换档规律．最后使用MATLAB编写程序来建立计算模型,得到三参数控制换档的最佳动力性规律．     

变速器静态换档力的分析与计算

随着整车品质的提高,用户对汽车变速器的静态操纵性能也提出了很高的要求,并对汽车变速器的静态换档力提出了更为严格的指标。本文从理论上对某变速器的六档静态换档力进行计算,并分析出影响静态换档力的主要因素包括同步器弹簧力、摩擦因素、自锁弹簧力等。     

4．轮胎养护

★选档换档 ◇合理的档位非常重要，低速高档绝对不会省油。 ◇换档要快而及时，特别是在斜坡上行驶，换档的时间越短。汽车的动力性就发挥得越好，就越能节省燃料。     

汽车自动变速器技术的发展方向

本文介绍了目前应用较多的几种汽车自动变速器在结构改进、换档品质提高等方面的发展动态,从研究内容、研究方法以及国外的代表性系统等方面介绍了汽车自动变速器换档规律的智能化发展方向。     

基于粒子群算法的汽车TBW综合换档规律研究

为同时兼顾汽车动力性与经济性要求,在制定以最低比油耗为换档依据的经济性换档规律和以最大加速度为换档依据的动力性换档规律的基础上,提出一种制定和优化综合性换档规律的方法。运用归一化处理的原则,对整车能耗变化率和加速度平均变化率进行权重求和,建立总目标优化函数的数学模型,采用多目标粒子群算法进行优化仿真。通过分析适应度值随迭代次数的变化曲线以及粒子的动态寻优图解,得到综合性换档规律曲线。结果表明,优化后的综合性换档规律,满足经济性要求,动力性能平均改善率达到13.24%,即整车性能得到提高。     

自动变速器电子控制单元硬件在环仿真试验

为了设计、开发和测试汽车自动变速器电子控制单元,经常采用硬件在环仿真的试验方法。介绍了AG4自动变速器电子控制单元硬件在环仿真试验系统的组成及功能,对自行开发的控制单元在试验台上进行了试验,得出了在固定换档策略下经济型与动力型的换档点数据。结果表明:该试验台不仅可以对原型机进行测试试验,还可以对开发机型进行仿真试验;试验结果与实测结果基本吻合。     

机械式选换档软轴试验标准分析

在介绍国际优秀汽车企业所使用的机械式选换档软轴标准的基本内容和发展概况的基础上,结合我国目前所采用的机械式选换档软轴在试验检测时所使用的标准,指出国内所采用的机械式选换档软轴实验标准中的拉脱力试验,寿命试验,高低温试验,效率试验以及密封性试验等的不足之处,提出改进建议。     

汽车自动变速器行星齿轮新轮系的研究

研究和阐述一种适用于汽车自动变速器的行星齿轮新轮系 .该轮系的基本结构是由 2个行星排和 4个换档执行元件 (2个离合器、2个制动器 ) ,以适当方式连接组成 .它可得到 3个前进档和 1个倒档的传动 .只要增设 1个制动器和 2个单向离合器 ,即成为具有优良的传动和变速性能的行星齿轮变速机构 .采用该机构的汽车自动变速器 ,结构简单紧凑、档位数多、传动效率高、换档平稳、操纵性能好 ,而且此轮系各档都有很宽的传动比范围 ,可以适应不同汽车的传动要求 .     

混合动力公交客车自动机械变速器最优换档决策

混合动力汽车与传统车有很大区别,目前的混合动力AMT多采用传统的单参数或双参数换档规律,难以充分发挥混合动力的优势。基于简化后混合动力系统模型,建立了混合动力客车燃油经济性、排放性最优和换档频率较低的目标泛函,并设计了基于动态规划的新型求解算法。最后得出了在中国典型城市公交循环工况下的最优换档决策序列。在中国典型城市公交工况下分别使用传统双参数和基于动态规划的换档决策进行仿真和实车试验,结果表明混合动力公交客车应用最优换档决策序列后,其燃油经济性有了明显提高,换档次数明显减少。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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