S2O8^2—／ZrO2固体超强酸催化剂上的正丁烷异构化反应

首次制备Ｓ２Ｏ８＾２－／ＺｒＯ２固体超强酸,确证室温下它对正丁烷的反应活性比ＳＯ４＾２－／ＺｒＯ２固体超强酸更强,对ＺｒＯ２有促进作用的非卤素阴离子中,Ｓ２Ｏ８＾２－是最有侍焙烧温度是６００℃,比ＳＯ４＾２－／ＺｒＯ２体系低５０℃,且于３５℃时,下烷在Ｓ２Ｏ８＾２－／ＺｒＯ２体系上反应２０ｈ的转化率为５０．４％,而相同条件下的ＳＯ４＾２－／ＺｒＯ２体系上为３６．７％。由于Ｓ２Ｏ８＾２－／ＺｒＯ２（     

焙烧温度对S2O8^2-／ZrO2介孔超强酸的结构与性能的影响

以硝酸锆为锆源,以阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）为模板剂,S2O8^2-浸渍无定形Zr（OH）4,制得介孔S2O8^2-／ZrO2固体超强酸,通过N2吸附－脱附、XRD分析、Hammett非水滴定、TEM等方法,考察了不同焙烧温度对S2O8^2-／ZrO2介孔超强酸晶体结构、酸强度等性能的影响。结果表明,当焙烧温度600℃,S2O8^2-／ZrO2样品比表面积为140m2／g,平均孔径在3～4nm之间,酸强度H0≤-12．7,为介孔相固体超强酸。     

焙烧温度对SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2固体超强酸抗水稳定性的影响

通过水预处理方法对比研究了不同焙烧温度制备的SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2固体超强酸的抗水稳定性,借助XRD、NH_3-TPD、FT-IR、TG和BET等表征技术分析材料的结构特征。结果表明,当焙烧温度在500℃以下时,所制得的SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2固体超强酸具有相近的优异酯化性能;当焙烧温度提升至600℃以上时,SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2的孔结构坍塌,SO_4~(2-)含量下降,酯化性能显著下降。经过水预处理后,所有固体超强酸酯化活性降低,主要与其SO_4~(2-)脱落和酸量明显减小有关。相比之下,400℃制备的SO_4~(2-)/TiO_2固体超强酸催化剂具有较好的稳定性。     

S2O82-/ZrO2-Ce2O3固体超强酸的制备及催化合成乙酸正丁酯研究

以(NH4)S2O8为浸渍溶液，采用共沉淀法合成了新型固体超强酸S2O8^2-／ZrO2-Ce2O3，用红外光谱表征了超强酸的结构，用紫外光谱表征了不同制备条件下合成的超强酸的酸总量，并用乙酸／正丁醇酯化反应作为探针反应评价了超强酸的催化活性，研究发现：S2O8^2-对超强酸成酸的促进作用比SO4^2-强；Ce2O3掺入量为1．5％，焙烧温度650℃，焙烧时间5h时制得的固体超强酸酸总量最大，催化活性最高。     

稀土硫酸盐对Na_2Mo_(0.1)S_(0.9)O_4离子导电性的影响

为了开发用于SO_2气体传感器的固体电解质材料。对掺杂稀土硫酸盐的Na_2Mo_(0.1)S_(0.9)O_4体系的离子导电性和相关系进行了研究,取得了良好的结果;在掺有4m/oPr_2(SO_4)_3的体系中,280℃时电导率达到10~(-3)Ω~(-1)cm~(-1);差热分析表明,没有相变发生,成功地将Na_2Mo_(0.1)S_(0.9)O_4的高温快离子导电相稳定到了室温。     

SO4^2-／SiO2-ZrO2固体超强酸催化乳酸乙酯的合成研究

目的研究自制固体超强酸对乳酸乙酯的合成反应的催化效果，寻求乳酸乙酯的最佳合成条件。方法采用溶胶凝胶法制得SiO2-ZrO2基质材料，然后将其通过浸渍法制备了SO4^2-／SiO2-ZrO2固体超强酸，对SO4^2-／SiO2-ZrO2固体超强酸催化乳酸乙酯的合成反应进行了研究。结果SO4^2-／SiO2-ZrO2固体超强酸催化乳酸乙酯的合成反应适宜的反应条件为：预焙烧温度为200℃，浸泡硫酸浓度为1．0mol／L，硅锆摩尔比为15，焙烧温度为500℃，醇酸比为3时，酯化率可达92．79／6。XRD对固体超强酸的分析结果表明，其中SiO2是三斜晶型，ZrO2是四方晶型。结论自制的SO4^2-／SiO2-ZrO2固体超强酸的对乳酸乙酯的合成反应具有良好的催化效果，适宜推广应用。     

SO_4~(2-)/Fe_2O_3型固体超强酸酯化活性的研究

经过对制备方法的某些改进,合成了一种 SO_4~(2-)/Fe_2O_3型固体超强酸。用它作催化剂,对乙酸乙酯的酯化活性作了初步探讨。考察了焙烧温度对SO_4~(2-)/Fe_2O_3型固体超强酸酸度及活性的影响。研究认为,对于SO_4~(2-)/Fe_2O_3一类深色固体超强酸的强酸总量可以用溶剂法的乙醇酸量来计量;单位强酸部位的酯收率可近似作为此类固体超强酸的相对酸强度,而SO_4~(2-)/Fe_2O_3型固体超强酸的相对酯化活性优于浓硫酸催化剂。     

SO42-/TiO2-MoO3-La2O3催化合成丁酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

报道了以稀土改性固体超强酸SO_4~(2-)／TiO_2-MoO_3-La_2O_3为多相催化剂,通过丁酮和1,2-丙二醇为原料合成丁酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮,探讨了SO_4~(2-)／TiO_2-MoO_3-La_2O_3催化剂对缩醛反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了原料量比,催化剂用量,反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响及催化剂重复使用性能。实验表明：在n(丁酮)：n(1,2-丙二醇)=1：1.2,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1.0％。环己烷为带水剂,反应时间1.0h的优化条件下,丁酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的收率可达76.4％,由此可见,SO_4~(2-)／TiO_2-MoO_3-La_2O_3是合成丁酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的优良催化剂。     

铁系新型固体超强酸Fe2O3/S2O2-8/La3+的制备及其对环己酮缩乙二醇的合成研究

以自制铁系新型固体超强酸Fe2O3／S2O^2-8／La^3 为催化剂，用环己酮和乙二醇为原料合成环己酮缩乙二醇的反应进行了研究。探讨了酮醇比、催化剂用量、反应时间等对缩合产率的影响。结果表明：n(环己酮)：n(乙二醇)=1：1．2，催化剂用量为0．5g，带水剂环己烷为15ml，反应时间2h，常压下，收集174-178℃的馏分，缩合产率达91．8％。     

固体超强酸TiO_2/SO_4~(2-)催化合成丙烯酸丁酯的研究

用固体超强酸TiO_2／SO~(2-)_4催化合成了丙烯酸丁酯，并探讨获得了最佳合成条件：催化剂用量8％，阻聚剂用量0．06％，反应时间2．5h。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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