重组脂肪酶自诱导发酵培养基优化

【目的】优化自动诱导发酵培养基,提高脂肪酶产量。【方法】通过对构建的一株转座子整合型脂肪酶重组菌株,采用自动诱导发酵表达方法,并结合CCD响应面实验设计方法,对自动诱导培养基中的碳源进行优化,获得了1个二次模型用于描述发酵培养基中碳源对产脂肪酶的影响。【结果】优化后的最适自动诱导培养基(W/V)组成为glycerol 2.596,glucose 0.035,lactose 1.289,tryptone 1.0,yeast extract 0.5,Na_2HPO_4·12H_2O 1.79,KH_2PO_4 0.68,NH_4Cl 0.267 5,Na_2SO_4 0.071,MgSO_4·7H_2O 0.05。【结论】发酵试验表明,最优碳源培养基的比活力为R_1=6.35U/mg,比初始发酵培养基提高近3倍。     

Optimization of butanol production from corn straw hydrolysate by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Clostridium acetobutylicum</Emphasis> using response surface method

Butanol is a new kind of very potential biofuels.Enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stalk was utilized in this study to produce butanol by Clostridium acetobutylicum CICC 8008.Plackett-Burman (P-B) design and Central Composite Design (CCD) were adopted to screen crucial factors during fermentation as well as the optimization of experimental conditions.The result demonstrated that among the seven factors,namely,Yeast extract,(NH 4) 2 SO 4,KH 2 PO 4,MgSO 4,FeSO 4,CuSO 4 and CaCO 3,only CaCO 3 was selected as the most critical factor.The optimization experiment results for CaCO 3 usage,temperature and reaction time by CCD were determined to be 5.04 g/L,35°C and 70 h,respectively.A corresponding mathematical model was established to predict the fermentation experiment and maximum butanol yield of 6.57 g/L was acquired.The result of verification experiment under the optimum conditions showed that 6.20 g/L was the maximum butanol yield.This demonstrated that statistical method was a powerful tool for the optimization of butanol production from enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stalk.     

Improvement in the piezoelectric temperature stability of （K0.5Na0.5）NbO3 ceramics

Through an analysis of the temperature stability of(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3(KNN)based ceramics and KNN solid solutions,we propose a method to enhance the temperature stability of KNN materials.These materials are valuable for their piezoelectric properties.To verify the feasibility of this method,0.9(K1-xNax)NbO3-0.06LiNbO3-0.04CaTiO3(KNLN-CaTiO3)ceramics were designed,and their structure and properties were studied.The results show that KNLN-CaTiO3(x=0.54)ceramics have a good temperature stability over a wide temperature range(25-320°C).Also,they have good piezoelectric properties(d33=152 pC/N in x=0.54).This result confirms the feasibility of our proposed solution for improving the piezoelectric properties of KNN-based ceramics that have poor temperature stability.     

多粘类芽孢杆菌同步糖化发酵玉米粉生产(R,R)-2,3-丁二醇

【目的】对多粘类芽孢杆菌Paenibacillus polymyxa的玉米粉同步糖化发酵工艺进行优化,以获得低成本、高效的(R,R)-2,3-丁二醇生产技术。【方法】研究玉米粉浓度、氮源种类和氮源浓度对菌体生长、耗糖能力以及(R,R)-2,3-丁二醇产量、产率、得率和转化率的影响,并在此基础上进一步考察培养基中其它成分对(R,R)-2,3-丁二醇发酵的影响。【结果】优化后的培养基组分为玉米干粉140g/L,酵母粉30g/L,Na_2HPO_4 3g/L,KH_2PO_43g/L,(NH_4)2SO_42g/L,MgSO_40.8g/L,微量元素溶液2mL/L。使用优化后的培养基进行同步糖化发酵,发酵50h后(R,R)-2,3-丁二醇产量达到56.28g/L(光学纯度为98.3%),对葡萄糖的得率为0.44g/g,产率为1.13g/(L·h)。【结论】(R,R)-2,3-丁二醇生产技术低价高效,可为其工业化生产提供参考。     

Study on screening and cultivation conditions of xylanase-producing alkalophilic bacterial

Xylanisthemajorcomponentofplantcellwallsandthemostabundantpentosaninnature.Xylancontainsβ 1,4 linkedd xylosebackboneswitharabinose,4 O methyl d glucuronicacid,andaceticacidsubstituents[1 ] .Thexylan degradingen zymesincludeendoxylanase(1,4 β d xylanxylanohydrolase;EC3.2 .1.8)and β xylosidase (1,4 β d xylanxylanohydrolase;EC 3.2 .1.37) .xylanasedegradesthexylanbackboneintoxylo bioseandxylooligosaccharides,whileβ xylosidasereleasesxylosylresiduesfromthenonreducingendsofxylooligosaccha…     

β-葡萄糖苷酶高产菌株及其应用研究

 对Hypocrea sp. W₆₃的β-葡萄糖苷酶酶学性质研究表明,该酶液体发酵最高酶活高达482.1 U/mL,最适反应pH值为4.8,最适反应温度为65 ℃;乙醇体积分数为10%时对酶活有最大促进效果,乙醇耐受能力高达30%;将该酶应用于同步糖化发酵研究中,发现发酵至120 h乙醇质量浓度可高达41.25 g/L,与对照相比,乙醇产量均提高近2倍。该菌株所产的β-葡萄糖苷酶较高的酶活力、耐热性能、乙醇耐受性和同步糖化发酵促进效果,预示着该菌在纤维素乙醇产业化应用中具有广阔的应用前景。     

黑曲霉C71分批发酵动力学模型的构建

以黑曲霉C71为出发菌株,分批发酵生产木聚糖酶,在发酵过程中每隔8h取样,测定菌体细胞浓度、总糖与还原糖含量和木聚糖酶活力,探讨了发酵过程中菌体生长、产物合成及基质消耗的特性.基于Logistic和Luedeking-Piret方程,建立了描述黑曲霉C71分批发酵过程的菌体生长动力学模型、产物合成动力学模型、基质消耗动力学模型.结果表明,模型计算值与实验数据拟合良好,基本反映了黑曲霉C71分批发酵过程的动力学特征.黑曲霉C71分批发酵过程中菌体生长与产物合成属于部分生长偶联型.     

Influence of nano-MgO particle size on bactericidal action against Bacillus subtilis var. niger

Nano-MgO has been widely used as a functionalmaterial in various areas[1,2]. Recently, it was reported[3]that MgO had good bactericidal performance due to theformation of O?2 anions at its surface in aqueous solution.It was shown by the research work of Stoimenov et al.[4]that nano-MgO exhibits high bactericidal activity againstbacteria, spores and viruses after adsorbing halogen gasbecause of its large surface area, abundance of crystal de-fects and positively-charged particles which can r…     

木聚糖酶生产菌黑曲霉的诱变及周期变压发酵

木聚糖酶产生菌黑曲霉An-1经紫外线和硫酸二乙酯(DES)处理后,采用显色平皿法及液体培养筛选,得到一产木聚糖酶活力较高的菌株An-1.15,其产酶能力比An-1提高90%。同时研究了周期变压操作对固态发酵过程中黑曲霉产酶的影响。当变压范围为0～0.15MPa,选取适当变压周期时,黑曲霉木聚糖酶酶活以干料计高达3690IU·g^-1,比静止固态发酵高38%。     

Microstructure, crystalline phase and electrical properties of Li0.06(Na0.5K0.5)0.94Nb(1−2x/5)Mg x O3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

MgO-modified Li_0.06(Na_0.5K_0.5)_0.94NbO₃ (L₆NKN) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were synthesized by normal sintering at a relatively low temperature of 1000°C. The crystalline phase, microstructure, and electrical properties of the ceramics were investigated with a special emphasis on the influence of MgO content. The addition of MgO effectively improves the sinterability of the L₆NKN ceramics. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) separating orthorhombic and tetragonal phases for the ceramics lies in the range of Mg doping content (x) from 0.3at% to 0.7at%. High electrical properties of the piezoelectric constant (d ₃₃=238 pC/N), planar electromechanical coupling coefficient (k _p=41.5%), relative dielectric constant (? _r=905), and remanent polarization (P _r=38.3 μC/cm²) are obtained from the specimen with x=0.5at%, which suggests that the Li_0.06(Na_0.5K_0.5)_0.94Nb_(1?2x/5)Mg _x O₃ (x=0.5at%) ceramic is a promising lead-free piezoelectric material.     

木聚糖酶高产菌株Q116诱变选育研究

以黑曲霉D8为出发菌株,采用60Coγ-射线,NTG处理等方法筛选得到黑曲霉木聚糖酶变异菌株Q116.在固体发酵试验中,酶活达到182611U/g.经过连续的传代保存,此菌株有良好的遗传稳定性,并对发酵条件进行了试验.     

NOx reduction in the sintering process

A new process, NO_x reduction with recycling flue gas and modifying coke breeze, was proposed. The effects of modified coke breeze and recycled flue gas on NO_x reduction were investigated by sinter pot tests. The results show that the NO_x reduction rate is over 10wt% in the sintering of modified coke breeze, the effects of the additives on NO_x reduction are: CeO₂>CaO>K₂CO₃. The NO_x reduction rate increases with the amount of recycled flue gas, and is 22.35wt% in the sintering with recycling 30vol% of the flue gas. When 30vol% of the flue gas is recycled into the sintering of CeO₂, CaO, and K₂CO₃ modified coke breeze, the NO_x reduction rates are 36.10wt%, 32.56wt%, and 32.17wt%, respectively.     

黑曲霉S13液体发酵产木聚糖酶的研究

从 2 0株细菌和霉菌中筛选出一株木聚糖酶高产菌株黑曲霉 S1 3.它的最适产酶培养基为 :半纤维素 1 % ,NH4NO3 0 .3% ,微量元素液 0 .0 0 5 % ,吐温 0 .2 % ,Vogel's母液 4% ,麸皮 0 .2 5 % ,起始 p H为 6.0 .种龄 36h,接种量 5 % ,装液量 60 m L( 2 5 0 m L三角瓶 ) ,摇床转速 1 2 0 r/min,发酵温度 2 8℃ ,发酵时间 48h,液体酶活可达 40 0 .0 IU/m L.     

城市生活垃圾厌氧消化中木聚糖酶活与产气量关系的研究

采用批量厌氧消化工艺,在恒温35℃下,研究城市生活垃圾厌氧消化中木聚糖酶活与产气量之间的关系.实验结果表明,在35d的厌氧消化过程中,产气量随木聚糖酶酶活升高而增加,酶活降低而减少.当木聚糖酶酶活水平处于高峰期8.60μmol木糖/mL·min左右时,产气量也处于高峰期,达到360mL/d左右.表明厌氧消化产气量与木聚糖酶活密切相关.     

Comparative proteomics analysis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">OsNAS1</Emphasis> transgenic <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica napus</Emphasis> under salt stress

Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses in agricultural plants worldwide. We used proteomics to analyze the differential expression of proteins in transgenic OsNAS1 and non-transformant Brassica napus treated with 20 mmol/L Na₂CO₃. Total protein from the leaves was extracted and separated through a high-resolution and highly repetitive two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) technology system. Twelve protein spots were reproducibly observed to be upregulated by more than 2-fold between transgenic and non-transformant B. napus. These 12 spots were digested in-gel with trypsin and characterized by matrix-assisted laser-desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) to obtain the peptide mass fingerprints. Protein database searching revealed that 5 of these proteins are involved in salt tolerance: dehydrogenase, glutathione S-transferase, peroxidase, 20S proteasome beta subunit, and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. The potential functions of these identified proteins in substance and energy metabolism, stress tolerance, protein degradation, and cell defense are discussed. The salt tolerance of the transgenic rapeseed was significantly improved by the introduction of the OsNAS1 gene from Brazilian upland rice of Oryza sativa (cv. IAPAR 9).     

Effect of Urea on Activity and Conformation of a Glycoprotein

Introduction In some enzymes, inactivation occurs before noticeable conformational change can be detected during denaturation by guanidinium chloride or urea[1-6]. Tsou[7] suggested that enzyme active sites are formed by relatively weak molecular interact…     

化学强化剂提高生物膜填料塔烟气同时脱硫脱氮性能的实验研究

对采用外加化学强化剂提高生物膜填料塔烟气同时脱硫脱氮的性能进行实验研究.结果表明,当按最优化学强化剂添加量添加硝酸镧0.25+硝酸铈0.25 mg/L、硫酸镁0.5 g/L、乙酸钠0.3 g/L时,生物膜填料塔的NOx净化效率可达61.78%,脱硫率为100%.进一步的长时间连续运行实验结果表明,在对SO2的净化效率达到100%的同时,按添加最优化学强化剂条件实验操作的生物膜填料塔的NOx净化效率明显高于对比空白实验的NOx净化效率,其NOx净化效率的平均值提高了14.78%.实验为研究形成提高生物法烟气同时脱硫脱氮性能(尤其对提高烟气脱氮效率)的新型化学强化技术方法奠定了基础.     

Extraction of vanadium from high calcium vanadium slag using direct roasting and soda leaching

The extraction of vanadium from high calcium vanadium slag was attempted by direct roasting and soda leaching. The oxidation process of the vanadium slag at different temperatures was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The effects of roasting temperature, roasting time, Na₂CO₃ concentration, leaching temperature, leaching time, and liquid to solid ratio on the extraction of vanadium were studied. The results showed that olivine phases and spinel phases in the vanadium slag were completely decomposed at 500 and 800℃, respectively. Vanadium-rich phases were formed at above 850℃. The leaching rate of vanadium reached above 90% under the optimum conditions:roasting temperature of 850℃, roasting time of 60 min, Na₂CO₃ concentration of 160 g/L, leaching temperature of 95℃, leaching time of 150 min, and liquid to solid ratio of 10:1 mL/g. The main impurities were Si and P in the leach liquor.     

PbxNayYzF2x+y+3z+3m∶Erm3+上转换发光粉的低温燃烧合成及表征

采用低温燃烧合成（LCS）法一步合成了Pb_xNa_yY_zF_2x+y+3z+3m:Er_m3+氟化物体系1 550 nm响应的红外上转换发光材料. 通过正交实验研究了4种阳离子影响发光性能的主次关系及最佳配比,研究了燃料用量对晶相形成及上转换发光性能的影响. 采用X射线粉末衍射仪、透射电镜、荧光分光光度计（耦合1 550 nm激光器）等手段对样品的物相、形貌及发光性能进行了测试与表征. 结果表明:阳离子含量对红光发射强度影响的主次关系为Y3+,Pb2+,Na+,Er3+,最佳配比为Pb_0.004Na_0.003 Y_0.003 F_0.032:Er3+_0.004. 燃料取2.5倍理论用量时样品的结晶度和发光强度最高.      

Detecting the breakup of spiral waves in small-world networks of neurons due to channel block

The breakup of a spiral wave by blockade of sodium and potassium channels in a small-world network of Hodgkin-Huxley neurons is investigated in detail.The influence of ion channel block in poisoned excitable membrane patches of a certain size is measured,by varying channel noise and channel densities resulting from the change in conductance,For example,tetraethylammonium is known to cause a block(poisoning) of potassium channels,while tetrodotoxin blocks sodium channels.We observed the occurrence of spiral waves,which are ordered waves believed to play an important role in facilitating the propagation of electric signals across quiescent regions of the brain.In this paper,the effect of channel block was measured by the factors xK and xNa,which represent the ratios of unblocked,or active,ion channels,to the overall number of potassium or sodium ion channels,respectively.To quantify these observations,we use a simple but robust synchronization measure,which succinctly captures the transition from spiral waves to other collective states,such as broken segments resulting from the breakup of the spiral wave.The critical thresholds of channel block can be inferred from the abrupt changes occurring in plots of the synchronization measure against different values of xK and xNa.Notably,small synchronization factors can be tightly associated with states where the formation of spiral waves is robust to mild channel block.