基于Hilbert谱熵的柴油机故障诊断方法研究

从信号的特征提取出发,采用局域波时频谱分析和信息熵结合的方法--Hilbert谱熵(HSE),进行柴油机振动信号的特征提取和状态识别.首先,对信号进行局域波分解;然后,根据得到的内蕴模式分量计算Hilbert谱;最后,建立基于时频分布的Hilbert谱熵,并以此作为故障识别的特征参数.以柴油机缸套与活塞间磨损的状态识别为例,根据对时域、频域和时频域的信息熵比较分析,证明了Hilbert谱熵对柴油机的状态进行评价的有效性.此方法为柴油机预知维修提供了一个有效的手段.     

基于EMD和模糊聚类的柴油机故障诊断

根据柴油机故障振动信号的特点,提出了一种经验模式分解和模糊c均值聚类相结合的柴油机振动信号故障诊断新方法.首先,采用经验模式分解方法对柴油机排气门间隙为0.4,0.6及0.75mm的3种工况下的振动信号时间序列进行分解,对分解求得的前6个固有模态函数分别求其能量比并将其作为反映故障状态的特征参数,再利用模糊c均值聚类方法对特征参数进行聚类分析.实验结果表明:所有样本的测试结果均与实际状况相一致,该方法可以有效地对气门间隙故障进行诊断.     

基于CEEMDAN能量熵的故障特征提取方法

作为武器装备的重要组成部分,复杂机械设备发生故障会严重影响其性能,如何将故障特征有效提取出来尤为重要。针对复杂机械设备振动信号非平稳非线性的特点,本文提出利用自适应噪声集合经验模态分解（CEEMDAN）结合能量熵的方法提取信号故障特征,并以某型装备柴油机为例进行验证。通过构建多分量调制信号,分析比较了EMD、EEMD、CEEMD以及CEEMDAN四种算法的分解效果。利用CEEMDAN对振动信号进行分解,提取相关性较大的IMF分量的能量熵作为特征向量,输入到支持向量机中进行模式分类。研究表明,CEEMDAN能够一定程度上抑制了模态混叠问题,对于不同类型的故障能够有效的识别。     

基于故障敏感分量和改进K近邻分类器的故障状态识别

针对故障状态下的滚动轴承振动信号非线性非平稳性强、噪声干扰大导致的故障敏感特征提取难的问题,在对轴承振动信号进行局域均值分解（local mean decomposition,LMD）的基础上,提出了一种基于故障敏感分量的特征提取与改进K近邻分类器（K-nearest neighbor classifier,KNNC）的故障状态辨识方法。该方法采用相关系数法对LMD分解出的振动分量进行故障敏感性的量化表征,然后对筛选出的信号分量进行时域/频域的特征提取,构建不同故障状态下的特征样本集。为加快故障状态识别速度,排除不良样本的影响,提出一种基于二分K均值聚类的改进KNNC算法,精简了大容量的训练样本,有效去除不良特征样本和干扰点。实验结果表明,以敏感分量特征作为输入的改进KNNC算法能够快速准确地识别轴承不同故障状态。     

基于变分模式分解和微积分增强能量算子的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的特点,考虑变分模式分解在复杂信号分解及微积分增强能量算子在瞬态成分检测方面的优势,提出基于变分模式分解和微积分增强能量算子的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先利用变分模式分解将复杂信号分解为多个本质模式函数,以削弱背景噪声的影响和满足能量算子对信号单分量的要求;然后根据提出的敏感分量选取原则,从本质模式函数中选出包含主要故障信息的本质模式函数为敏感分量;最后利用微积分增强能量算子强化敏感分量中的瞬态冲击,并根据敏感分量瞬时能量的时域波形及Fourier频谱诊断滚动轴承故障。分析结果表明该方法能够有效诊断滚动轴承故障。     

多分量到单分量可用EMD分解的条件及判据

基于数据时域局部特征的EMD分解算法可把复杂的数据分解成有限、少量几个内蕴模式函数分量，是一种数据驱动的自适应时频分析方法. 文中将Huang的EMD分解定性为从多分量信号到单分量信号的分解算法，并给出了多分量到单分量可用EMD分解的条件，而且通过建立二级极值点结构，给出了从多分量到单分量用EMD分解的极值点判断准则. 通过大量实验，验证了可分解条件及判据的合理性.     

经验模态分解(EMD)在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的非平稳特征，提出了基于经验模态分解(Empiri-cal Mode Decomposition，简称EMD)和神经网络的滚葡轴承故障诊断方法，首先对原始信号进行了经验模态分解，将其分解为多个平稳的固有模态函数(Intrinsic Mode functioll，简称IMF)之和，再选取若干个包含主要故障信息的IMF分量，并从中提取时城特征措标——峭度或裕度因子作为神经网络的输入参数来识别滚动轴承的故障模式，对滚动轴承的内圈、外圈故障信号的分析结果表明，以EMD为预处理器提取时域特征参数的神经网络诊断方法比直接从原信号中提取时域特征参数的诊断方法有更高的故障识剐率，可以准确、有效地识别滚动轴承的工作状态和故障类别。     

基于EEMD的柴油机缸套磨损故障诊断

针对柴油机缸套磨损故障诊断问题,在实车上测试了柴油机机体振动信号,应用经验模态分解(EMD)对不同磨损状态下的柴油机机体振动信号进行了分析,然而,EMD存在的模态混叠问题使其难以获得准确的基本模式分量(IMF).为此引入基于总体经验模态分解(EEMD)的改进的局域波分析方法,利用EEMD获取无模式混淆的IMF,通过Hilbert边际谱分析信号能量随瞬时频率的变化特征.工程实测分析结果验证了应用该方法进行柴油机缸套磨损故障诊断的有效性.     

基于改进经验模态分解的直流串联电弧故障检测

针对直流系统中存在强噪声干扰时串联电弧故障检测准确度较低的问题，提出一种基于改进自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解和模糊k均值聚类相结合的直流串联电弧故障检测方法；首先运用改进自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解方法分解回路电流信号，得到多个本征模态函数；然后计算各本征模态函数的Hurst指数值以区分噪声分量和有用分量，将Hurst指数值大于0.5的有用分量进行重构；最后计算重构信号的峰峰值特征量和模糊熵特征量以构建特征向量作为模糊k均值聚类的输入，通过聚类中心的不同位置识别正常与故障状态。仿真与试验结果表明，所提出的方法区分系统正常与故障状态准确度为100%,区分系统干扰与故障状态准确度为93%,能有效识别直流串联电弧故障。     

基于自适应局部迭代滤波和能量算子解调的滚动轴承故障特征提取

为了提高滚动轴承的故障特征提取可靠性,该文提出了一种基于自适应局部迭代滤波(Adaptive local iterative filtering,ALIF)和能量算子解调的滚动轴承故障特征提取的方法。该方法首先利用ALIF将轴承的故障振动信号分解为若干个本征模态函数(Intrinsic mode function,IMF)分量,然后对包含故障信息最多的分量进行能量算子解调,得到分量的包络谱来提取轴承的故障特征。仿真结果表明:ALIF能够准确获取IMF分量,解决经验模式分解(Empirical mode decomposition,EMD)带来的模式混叠问题,结合能量算子解调方法能更好地凸显故障信号的包络谱特征,有效地提取轴承故障特征频率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to