Bi系高温超导氧化物中掺杂(Pb、Sb、Eu)的研究

采用空气中固态反应的方法制备了一系列掺 Pb、Sb、Eu的 Bi系高温超导氧化物 .对这些样品进行了超导性能的测量 ,X射线衍射 ( XRD)分析以及扫描电镜 ( SEM)的形貌观察 ,发现 Pb、Sb的掺杂对 Bi系材料超导相 2 2 1 2相、2 2 2 3相的形成有明显的促进作用 ,而 Eu的掺杂只有利于 2 2 1 2相的形成却不利于 2 2 1 2相向 2 2 2 3相的转变 .在掺 Eu的样品中发现有Ca2 Cu O3 存在 .对 Bi系材料中调制结构的形成机制给予了定性解释     

熔盐法合成片状NaNbO3晶体

片状NaNbO3晶体可作为反应模板晶粒生长技术(RTGG)制备高取向铌酸钾钠无铅压电陶瓷的模板晶体,通常采用两步熔盐法合成.首先合成片状Bi2.5Na3.5Nb5O18(BNN5)晶体,然后以BNN5晶体作为前驱体合成NaNbO3晶体.借助X射线衍射(XRD)仪、扫描电镜(SEM)及高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM),考察合成温度以及保温时间对晶体物相、形貌和尺寸的影响并揭示片状NaNbO3晶体的形成机理.结果表明:以NaCl为熔盐,1 150 ℃保温4 h,得到物相单一、形貌规则、尺寸均一的片状NaNbO3晶体,晶体尺寸约为15 μm×10 μm×1 μm.片状NaNbO3晶体的形成机理是高温条件下由于熔盐中Na2CO3作用,BNN5晶体中[Bi2O2]层被破坏,Bi3+、O2-不断从结构中析出,[Bi2O2]层脱离.同时一部分Na+进入晶格中取代[NbO6]八面体空隙中的Bi3+,另一部分Na+进入[Bi2O2]层脱离后形成的空位中与NaNbO3基元进行结构重排,最终形成NaNbO3晶体.     

(PSTT10/45)4 多层薄膜铁电性研究

以LaNiO3做缓冲层,用射频磁控溅射法在SiO2/Si(100)衬底上制备出[0.9Pb(Sc0.5Ta0.5)O3-0.1PbTiO3/0.55Pb(Sc0.5Ta0.5)O3-0.45PbTiO3]4铁电多层薄膜.采用两步法在峰值温度800 ℃对薄膜进行退火.通过x射线衍射分析了薄膜的物相结构,通过电滞回线和漏电流曲线对薄膜的铁电性能进行了测量.研究发现,薄膜展现出高度(100)取向的钙钛矿结构和增强的铁电性,其剩余极化2Pr=26.2 μc/cm2,矫顽场2Ec=53.9 kV/cm,100 kV/cm下漏电流密度为1.87×10-4A/cm2.分析了铁电性增强和漏电流增大的可能原因.     

Bi_(1.6)Pb_(0.4)Sr_2Ca_2Cu_3O_y超导体的DSC研究

新型高T_c氧化物超导体Bi—Sr—Ca—Cu—O系,在100K以上呈现超导性,存在高T_c(～110K)相和低T_c(～80K)相,其零电阻转变温度(T_(c0))总是低于85K.适当掺Pb可以增强高T_c相,抑制低T_c相,降低烧结温度,提高零电阻转变温度.用固相反应法制得组分为Bi_(1.6)Pb_(0.4)Sr_2Ca_2Cu_3O_y的超导体,零电阻温度为107K,稳定性较好。现以此样品作示差扫描量热(DSC)分析,并配合XRD分析,试图了解该体系的结构相变及其与超导电性的关系.     

共沉淀法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法制备锆掺杂改性Bi_2O_3的比较研究

以硝酸铋和硝酸锆为起始原料,分别采用共沉淀法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法制备系列锆掺杂改性Bi2O3的混合氧化物Bi2-xZrxO3+x/2(x=0～1.0)。采用XRD,FTIR和SEM对样品的结构及微观形貌进行分析。研究结果表明:于650℃焙烧处理后,由以上2种方法制备的纯Bi2O3的主晶相均为单斜晶型α-Bi2O3,其中采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法及乙二醇和水混合溶剂反序滴定共沉淀法可制备出纯度较高的单斜相α-Bi2O3。锆掺杂改性制备的系列混合氧化物中,当ZrO2掺杂量(摩尔分数)为10%(x=0.2)时,反序滴定共沉淀法能实现均匀共沉淀,形成了组成为Bi1.8Zr0.2O3.1的类似立方相δ-Bi2O3的单一结构固溶体,顺序滴定共沉淀法会产生相分离,导致四方相Bi7.38Zr0.62O12.31固溶体的出现。然而,当采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法时,没有得到类似立方相δ-Bi2O3结构的固溶体,主相结构为单斜相α-Bi2O3以及混合部分四方相Bi7.38Zr0.62O12.31和立方相ZrO2。由此可见:采用反序滴定共沉淀法,在650℃低温及合适条件下,掺杂适量的ZrO2能稳定立方相结构的高温离子传导相δ-Bi2O3。     

Bi_5Fe_(0.7)Ni_(0.3)Ti_3O_(15)多铁陶瓷的电磁性能

采用传统的固相烧结工艺制备出Bi5Fe0.7Ni0.3Ti3O15(BFNT)多铁陶瓷样品,研究镍离子基团的植入对材料的微观结构、磁性能和电性能的影响.X射线衍射谱显示BFNT样品的4层Aurivillius相已形成.室温下,BFNT样品具有铁磁性,其剩余磁化(2Mr)和矫顽场(2Hc)分别为0.086 A.m2.kg-1和18.5 kA.m-1.样品磁性的增强可能来源于局域的Fe—O—Ni的耦合.介电温度谱的测试结果表明:与Bi5FeTi3O15(BFTO)比较,BFNT的铁电相变温度降低,低温段的介电峰具有明显的弛豫特征,该弛豫可能与磁有关.室温下,当外加电场为24.5 MV.m-1时,样品的剩余极化(2Pr)和矫顽场(2Ec)分别为0.069 C.m-2和14.3 MV.m-1.     

碳纳米管/石墨烯/铋膜修饰碳糊电极测定铅和镉

用碳纳米管(CNT)、石墨烯(GR)、铋膜修饰碳糊电极构建碳纳米管石墨烯铋膜修饰碳糊电极(CNT/GR/Bi/CPE),并用差分脉冲伏安(DPV)法测定了铅和镉的含量。在最优条件:电解质缓冲底液p H为5.5,沉积时间50 s,沉积电位-1.3 V,用碳纳米管石墨烯铋膜修饰碳糊电极(CNT/GR/Bi/CPE)同时测定Pb2+和Cd2+得线性方程分别为:IPb2+(A)=-5.8202?10-6-1.0342c(mol/L)(R=0.9978);ICd2+(A)=-3.9781?10-6-1.3651c(mol/L)(R=0.9923),线性范围分别为1~15μmol/L和2~16μmol/L,Pb2+、Cd2+的检出限分别为:6.67?10-7 mol/L;3.33?10-7 mol/L。本方法操作简单且修饰电极稳定性、重现性好易于进行检测铅镉离子。     

锰掺杂BNT-BaTiO3陶瓷微结构和电性能的研究

研究了(Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3-BaTiO3压电陶瓷在准同型相界附近锰离子掺杂对材料微观结构、压电和介电性能的影响.采用XRD和SEM等方法对材料的相结构和晶粒生长情况进行了研究.结果表明:掺锰有促进烧结的作用并能使晶格发生畸变,使相结构中的四方相向三方相转变;当掺杂量质量分数为0.3%时,可以获得较好的综合性能,压电常数d33=124 pC/N,径向机电耦合系数kp=31%,介电常数3Tε3/0ε=615,介电损耗tanδ=0.014,机械品质因数Qm=267,频率常数Np=3 050 Hz.m.     

Bi含量对SrBi4Ti4O15铁电材料性能的影响

按n(Sr)n(Bi)n(Ti)为14(1+x)4(x=-0.05,0,0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)配料,采用固相烧结工艺,制备了不同Bi含量SrBi4Ti4O15的陶瓷样品.用X射线衍射对样品的微结构进行了分析,并测量了其铁电、介电性能.结果发现x=0.05,0.10的样品形成单一的SrBi4Ti4O15相.x=0.05时,材料具有较好的铁电与介电性能剩余极化强度2Pr=2.86×10-9C@m-2,矫顽电场强度Ec=8.65×106V@m-1,介电性能在频率f=1 kHz～4 MHz范围内变化不大,f=1 MHz时,介电常数εr=425.     

PZT/NiCoCu铁氧体磁电复合材料的相结构和电性能

采用传统固相法合成了0.9{Pb[Zr0.23Ti0.36+0.02(Mg1/2W1/2)+0.39(Ni1/3Nb2/3)]O3}(简称PZT基压电陶瓷)/0.1{Ni0.8Co0.1Cu0.1Fe2O4}(简称NCCF)磁电复合陶瓷材料,研究了该材料在不同烧结温度下的相结构、介电和压电性能.结果表明,该复合材料经不同温度烧结后,仍保持PZT基压电陶瓷和NiCoCu铁氧体的各自相结构,没有新相生成.在1 200℃下烧结时,材料具有较好的综合电性能:d33=317 pC/N,εr=2 593,tanδ=0.017.表明该磁电复合材料可能在高密度信息存储器方面表现出较大的潜在应用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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