四氟硼酸N-正丁基吡啶室温离子液体在甲醇中含量的测定

用吡啶和氯代正丁烷反应,合成了作为室温离子液体中间体的氯化N-正丁基吡啶.以丙酮为溶剂,用四氟硼酸钠和氯化N-正丁基吡啶合成了四氟硼酸N-正丁基吡啶室温离子液体.同时用紫外光谱法测定了在有机溶剂甲醇中四氟硼酸N-正丁基吡啶室温离子液体的含量.结果表明,离子液体的最大吸收波长为259 nm,且吸光度与浓度呈线性关系,其线性相关系数为0.995 76.其回收率在99.9%～100.3%.     

超声波辅助咪唑基和吡啶基离子液体的合成

以N-甲基咪唑、吡啶和溴代烷为原料,在超声波间歇作用且无溶剂条件下,合成了1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐[Emim]Br、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐[Bmim]Br、N-乙基吡啶溴盐[EPy]Br、N-丁基吡啶溴盐[BPy]Br等4种离子液体。在常温常压下,测定了它们的熔点,结果表明,阴离子组成相同时,有机阳离子体积大的离子液体熔点较小;与常规合成方法相比,超声波法具有操作简单,条件温和,产物收率高、反应速度快的优点。实验还以[Bmim]Br为中间体,通过阴离子交换法,制备了亲水性离子液体[Bmim]BF4和疏水性离子液体[Bmim]PF6,在25℃对其黏度进行了测定,并对实验合成的全部六种离子液体作了红外光谱和核磁共振的表征。     

N-烷基吡啶类室温离子液体BPNO3、BPBF4的合成研究

室温离子液体作为一种新的绿色溶剂,受到了广泛的关注．通过氯代正丁烷与吡啶反应合成作为室温离子液体中间体的氯化N-正丁基吡啶（BPC）,进而利用BPC与NH4NO3、NaBF4在丙酮中的复分解反应,合成硝酸N-正丁基吡啶（BPN03）、四氟硼酸N-正丁基吡啶（BPBF4）两种室温离子液体,并通过IR、^1HNMR等方法对室温离子液体的化学结构进行表征．讨论在实验室条件下合成BPNO3、BPBF4这两种N-烷基吡啶类室温离子液体的可行性．     

溴化N-正辛基吡啶的制备及其乙醇溶液的电导率

合成了溴化N-正辛基吡啶离子液体,利用红外光谱对溴化N-正辛基吡啶离子液体的结构进行了表征,由特征峰可知合成了目标产物。对溴化N-正辛基吡啶离子液体进行了在水、乙醇、乙腈中的紫外光谱定性分析,结果表明溶剂的极性和酸碱性均会引起离子液体溶液的紫外光谱发生位移,因此,在研究离子液体与其他溶剂的混合溶液的紫外光谱图时,要指明所使用的溶剂。测定了溴化N-正辛基吡啶乙醇溶液在质量摩尔浓度为0.40～2.33 mol/kg范围的电导率,溴化N-正辛基吡啶乙醇溶液的电导率随浓度的升高而增大。     

溴化N-正丙基吡啶的合成及其在水中的电导率研究

用溴代正丙烷与吡啶合成了离子液体溴化N-正丙基吡啶,并对其结构进行红外光谱表征,表明合成产物为目标产物。对离子液体溴化N-正丙基吡啶进行紫外光谱分析,测定了其在水、乙醇、乙腈三种溶剂中的紫外光谱。实验结果表明离子液体溴化N-正丙基吡啶的紫外吸收光谱受到溶剂极性和酸碱性的影响,在对离子液体与其他溶剂的混合溶液进行紫外光谱分析时,要指明所使用的溶剂。测定了不同质量摩尔浓度离子液体溴化N-正丙基吡啶在水中的电导率,将测得的电导率对质量摩尔浓度进行拟合,得到经验方程式:y=18.903 03-60.532 49/(1+exp((C+0.937 58)/1.073 67)),相关系数为0.999 59,结果表明离子液体溴化N-正丙基吡啶的电导率随质量摩尔浓度的增大而增大。     

氯化N-正丁基吡啶的合成与表征

利用氯代正丁烷和吡啶反应,合成了作为室温离子液体中间体的氯化N-正丁基吡啶,对其合成过程进行优化和改进.通过核磁共振谱对氯化N-正丁基吡啶进行化学结构的表征,使用差示扫描量热法对合成的中间体进行熔点和熔化热的测定.结果表明,该优化合成实验,合成了纯度较高的氯化N-正丁基吡啶.     

溴化N-正戊基吡啶的制备和溶解性分析

实验用溴代正戊烷与吡啶反应合成了溴化N-正戊基吡啶离子液体,并优化改进了合成过程.对溴化N-正戊基吡啶进行红外光谱的化学结构表征;选取不同的溶剂对溴化N-正戊基吡啶进行了紫外光谱分析,溶剂极性与酸碱性对溴化N-正戊基吡啶均有一定的影响.分析了溴化N-正戊基吡啶在常见溶剂中的溶解性,结果表明溴化N-正戊基吡啶在水、乙醇、...     

溴代N-丁基吡啶离子液体的合成及吸收CO_2性能研究

以吡啶、溴代正丁烷为原料合成了溴代N-丁基吡啶离子液体([bpy]Br),使用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱分析方法对产物结构进行了表征。运用热重-差示扫描量热仪(TG-DSC)对离子液体的热稳定性进行测定,结果表明离子液体[bpy]Br的液态温度为99.3~238.0℃。实验研究了离子液体[bpy]Br对CO_2的吸收性能和离子液体再生后对CO_2的吸收负荷。结果表明:随着离子液体[bpy]Br质量分数的增加,离子液体吸收CO_2的负荷增加;随着吸收温度的升高,离子液体吸收CO_2的负荷减少;随着通入CO_2流量的增加,离子液体吸收CO_2达到饱和的时间缩短。离子液体再生后对CO_2的吸收性能基本不变。     

微波法合成烷基吡啶类离子液体

以吡啶和溴代正丁烷为原料采用微波法合成了中间体溴化N-丁基吡啶 ([BPy]Br),并通过正交试验对反应条件进行了优化.考察了原料配比、反应时间、微波功率对该反应的影响,结果表明:原料摩尔比1:1.1时,微波功率在400 W,反应时间20 min为较佳的反应条件.中间体在微波辐射下经过离子交换合成了N-丁基吡啶四氟硼酸盐([BPy]BF4) 和N-丁基吡啶六氟磷酸盐([BPy]PF6).产物结构由IR和1HNMR确证.     

[bmim]BF4离子液体的制备及其催化酯化反应研究

本文采用一步环合法合成了N-甲基咪唑,再由N-甲基咪唑和溴代正丁烷合成了中间体溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑,中间体再经过离子交换得到1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐（[bmim]BF4）离子液体．在该离子液体介质中,氯苄和乙酸钠反应高效合成了乙酸苄酯．结果表明：以[bmim]BF4为溶剂和催化剂乙酸钠与苄氯的摩尔比为1．4：1,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为2．5h,氯苄转化率可达95％．而且产物易于分离,离子液体可重复使用．中间体和产物结构经Fr—IR表征．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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