过渡元素二元合金相图有限固溶体固溶度的预报

应用原子参数-人工神经网络方法研究了过渡元素二元合金相图中的有限固溶度问题．选择了原子体积、平均族数、元素熔点等影响固溶度的原子参数作为人工神经网络的输入值，使用已知的过渡元素二元合金相图的固溶度作为输出值，训练人工神经网络，应用“留一法”估计了人工神经网络的预报误差，并用训练好的网络对全部未知的过渡元素二元合金相图的固溶度进行计算机预报，得到了令人满意的结果．     

金属及其合金中注入离子引发的基体长程效应

为研究金属及其合金基体中不同固溶度的注入离子引发的长程效应,采用固溶度相差较大的元素以及单晶和多晶为分析材料,用透射电子显微镜弱束成像技术研究了被注入材料的横截面样品.结果表明:铁、钨在单晶铜、多晶奥氏体不锈钢中固溶度很低,长程效应明显,在基体表层有位错密度峰值;注入离子剂量增加时,甚至出现两个位错密度峰值.钼和铁在奥氏体不锈钢中有较高的固溶度,注入离子在基体表层没有位错密度峰值出现.     

Al－Sb－Sn三元系合金相图室温截面

用ｘ射线粉末衍射法、辅以差热分析法研究了Ａｌ－Ｓｂ－Ｓｎ三元系合金相图的室温截面，该截面山５个单相区、７个两相区和３个三相区组成。未发现有三元化合物存在，Ｓｂ和ＳｂＳｎ两个单相都有一定的均匀应区，Ｓｎ单相区很小而Ａｌ和ＡｌＳｂ有不可觉察的固溶度。     

近固溶度高温析出对7055铝合金时效强化和应力腐蚀的影响

对7055合金采用先高温固溶后降温析出处理,通过光学显微镜、TEM观察和力学性能测试,分析了固溶后高温预析出处理对7055铝合金显微组织及力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:先高温固溶后再进行降温处理,在近固溶度条件下于晶界处产生预析出,并提高了后续时效状态下晶界析出相不连续分布的程度;这种预析出在保持高强度和高塑性的同时,可以改善合金的应力腐蚀抗力.     

1Cr18Ni9Ti激光表面熔覆合金结构相的研究

１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ不锈钢的表面Ｃｏ基材料的激光熔覆，在熔覆层表面形成了致密的微结构，基体与熔覆层间的热影区内，基体元素的固溶度明显增加，位错能降低，在热影响区还发现了孪晶产生，根据Ｍ谱研究确诊有多种Ｆｅ、Ｃ固溶相的存在。     

化学还原法扩展Fe—Cu系纳米合金fcc相固溶度的研究

利用化学还原法制备了含有少量硼的过饱和Ｆｅ－Ｃｕ固溶合金。ｆｃｃ相的固溶度被扩展至铁含量接近８０％，大大超过了用其它方法制备所能达到的固溶度，并且在退火过程中ｆｃｃ结构相当稳定。ｆｃｃ相的扩展以及相当高的稳定性与硼的存在有关。     

注入离子引发基体长程效应的研究

研究了在基体中不同固溶度的注入离子引发的长程效应。铁、钨在单晶铜、奥氏体不锈钢中固溶度很低,长程效应明显,在基体表层有位错密度峰值,注入能量提高,甚至出现两个位错密度峰值;钼在奥氏体不锈钢中有较高的固溶度,注入离子在基体表层没有位错密度峰值出现。结合其他研究者的结果,综合分析了注入离子与基体间热力学性质对长程效应的影响规律。     

金属材料熔点温度多个热物性的测试

通过测定固、液相界面的移动速率来确定金属及合金在熔点温度附近的导热系数、导温系数、电阻率等多个热物性参数。对于熔点温度较低的镓、伍德合金熔点热物性参数可用相变导热反问题的近似分析解求得,对于熔点温度较高的铅、锌的热物性参数可用数值计算与实验相结合的方法测定,并设计了相应的测试装置。测试所得的结果与文献数据吻合较好,误差小于15％,而且测量较简便,该方法可用于金属及合金相变条件下固、液相多个热物性的测试。图2,表1,参10。     

一种新的系统化的固溶体理论：键参数函数和尺寸因素方法

使用张邦维所提出的键参数函数和尺寸因素理论方法，对５６种金属基体二元合金的固溶度进行系统的研究，发现分隔每个基体金属可溶与不溶元素的定量方程式是一抛物线或椭圆，理论预言的总准确率对抛物线和椭圆规律分别为８７．２％和９０．３％，表明，这种对固溶度的理论研究，无论是系统性还是理论结果与实验数据符合程度都是文献中所未有过的。     

Cr1-xPx合金的结构与磁性

采用固相烧结法制备了Cr_1-xP_x（x=0.01～0.1）系列合金，系统研究了其成分、晶体结构、磁性和磁相变的相互影响关系。同时用熔炼法制备Cr_1-xSi_x合金进行对比。粉末X射线衍射和SEM/EDX实验结果表明，当x<0.03时，Cr_1-xP_x系列合金为单相性较好的立方结构（空间群为Im-3m）。Cr_1-xP_x系列合金的固溶度约为3%，大于3%时Cr-P以析出相（Cr₃P）的形式存在。磁性和DSC测量表征奈尔温度、热滞和磁相变的结果表明，掺杂少量P元素使Cr_1-xP_x系列合金的奈尔温度降低。Cr_0.98P_0.02和Cr_0.985Si_0.015合金具有反铁磁-顺磁的磁相变，伴随着热滞，具有一级相变的特征。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that