序列响应面方法在薄壁梁轻量化设计中的应用

提出将近似模型引入到薄壁梁的耐撞性优化设计中,并利用序列响应面优化方法对近似模型进行优化。针对基于有限元网格模型的设计变量难于参数化的问题,开发了相应的程序将薄壁梁的材料、截面尺寸及焊点布置等参数进行参数化建模。研究结果表明:优化设计改善了薄壁梁的吸能特性,使它的质量大大减轻;基于近似模型的优化算法能较大程度地提高优化效率。     

基于PSO-SVR的汽车前纵梁优化设计

在汽车碰撞中,前纵梁的吸能特性对整车安全具有至关重要的影响。综述了吸能梁的横截面形状、整体结构形状、诱导槽、焊接方式及壁厚对吸能特性的影响。由于实际生产工艺及与其他部件的装配要求,前纵梁的横截面形状和结构形态通常不做大的改动,因此在给定材料的基础上,板厚优化是前纵梁优化设计的主要内容。分别以焊接双吸能梁和某汽车前纵梁为例,设定板厚为自变量,采用拉丁方试验设计方法,建立基于粒子群优化的支持向量机回归(PSO-SVR)近似模型,结合NSGA-Ⅱ遗传算法进行多目标优化设计,最终匹配出各个部分的最优板厚。结果表明,经过优化设计的焊接双吸能筒和汽车前纵梁吸能特性有显著提高,证明该方法在吸能部件的优化设计中具有一定的工程应用价值。     

近似模型方法在螺旋桨优化设计中的应用

为了提高螺旋桨优化设计的质量和效率,将试验设计方法、近似模型和粒子群算法相结合,建立了基于近似模型的螺旋桨优化设计的方法.首先,以螺旋桨的几何参数为设计变量和以推力系数与效率为目标函数,引入试验设计的方法对整个设计空间采样,采用定常面元法预报程序计算出样本螺旋桨的水动力性能.其次,根据采样得到的样本库建立螺旋桨几何参数和水动力性能之间的克里格近似模型.最后,结合该近似模型和粒子群算法对螺旋桨的多目标优化设计.以P4382桨和Ka0.5导管桨为例,验证近似方法应用于螺旋桨优化设计的可行性.结果表明:近似模型方法能够实现目标桨的推力系数和效率的提高,而且优化速度快.     

基于近似模型技术的圆管耐撞性优化设计

针对汽车纵梁前端的薄壁吸能圆管,进行了涉及半径与长度变量的形状尺寸参数化设计,提出对设计空间进行逐次拟合的方法,通过移动与缩放来不断更新与缩减整个设计空间,在新的设计空间中将试验设计、薄壁圆管的高精度近似模型以及小种群遗传算法相结合进行寻优.数值算例表明,最优设计不仅使薄壁圆管的吸能性得到改善,提高了优化设计的效率,而且还减轻了质量.     

一种新型仿生层次多胞薄壁管的耐撞性研究

薄壁结构以其优异的力学性能被广泛应用于汽车的防撞吸能设计中.本文以生物层次结构为仿生原型,提出了一种新型的多胞薄壁吸能结构,并采用理论和数值模拟对不同阶次层次截面的铝合金薄壁结构进行动力学分析,研究了层次结构对薄壁结构耐撞性能的影响.研究表明:在同等材料以及壁厚的情况下,层次多胞薄壁结构的比吸能与载荷效率等吸能特性优于传统的单胞和多胞结构,并随着层次结构的不断增加而进一步提升.     

考虑离散型变量的拼焊板结构耐撞性优化设计

为了进一步了解拼焊板结构的耐撞性以提高其设计水平,将其设计变量(例如材料等级和厚度属性等)在离散空间内给定并进行耐撞性优化设计.分析了焊缝位置和焊点间距对耐撞性能的影响,通过对比可知前者对加速度影响更大.结合非支配序列遗传算法对拼焊板结构进行了多目标优化设计,优化后结构的峰值力降低31.09%,比吸能增加6.84%.优化结果表明:该优化策略能为车身拼焊板结构的轻量化和耐撞性设计提供指导,具有一定的工程意义.     

不同冲击工况下蜂窝填充薄壁结构的耐撞性能

提出了一种方形蜂窝填充薄壁复合结构,并采用实验研究与数值分析的方法研究了12种冲击工况下蜂窝填充薄壁结构与相应的非填充(薄壁空管)结构的耐撞性能.同时,结合Kriging近似技术与小种群遗传算法对蜂窝填充薄壁结构开展数值优化设计.结果表明,在各种冲击工况下,蜂窝填充薄壁结构吸收的能量都高于薄壁空管结构,且冲击的角度和速度对蜂窝填充薄壁结构吸能性能影响显著.在相同的冲击速度下,蜂窝填充薄壁结构吸收的能量随着冲击角度的增大而降低;在相同的冲击角度下,蜂窝填充薄壁结构吸收的能量随着冲击速度的增大而提高.对Kriging近似技术与小种群遗传算法优化所得蜂窝填充薄壁结构进行最优参数匹配,能够改善蜂窝填充薄壁结构的吸能性能.     

电磁装置快速优化设计的序贯采样技术

针对工程电磁装置的优化设计问题,提出了一种基于序贯采样技术的快速设计方法.相对于传统的采样技术而言,序贯采样的目的性和针对性更加明确,它利用区间缩减方法快速地缩减了采样的区域,加大了目标区域的采样数目,从而避免了盲目采样带来的计算量的浪费.该方法不仅能用于目标的直接优化设计,也能用于近似模型拟合度的提高.实例分析结果表明,新方法不仅能显著地减少有限元的计算量,还能加快整个设计过程的优化速度.     

薄壁平面件真空多孔吸具的力学特性与优化设计

针对薄壁平面件刚性差、装夹易变形、装夹困难等问题,基于圆周简支平板变形理论,提出了薄壁平面件在切削状态下吸附力学特性的数学模型及其真空平面多孔吸具优化设计方法,分析了吸附装夹的吸具吸孔设计布局与真空度对薄壁平面件加工中的变形耦合影响规律。理论分析表明,加工确定尺寸薄壁件吸孔的数量越少,孔径越小,则所需真空度越大;对于优化确定的吸孔设计布局,真空度越大则薄壁平面件装夹及切削过程变形越大。通过有限元仿真和6061铝合金薄壁平面件装夹试验,验证了多孔吸具优化设计的有效性。优化设计的有限元分析表明,工件静态装夹变形能够控制在纳米量级。吸具样件加工试验结果表明,采用优化后的吸具装夹,可使加工后的薄壁件平面度公差控制在500 nm以内。此设计方法可为薄壁类零部件的吸具设计与装夹提供参考。     

考虑可靠性的某型汽车前碰结构轻量化研究

文章针对汽车结构的轻量化设计,在传统确定性多目标优化方法的基础上考虑了不确定性因素的影响,加入了可靠性设计以提高设计方案的可靠性。基于实验设计数据建立克里格近似模型,并用高效的多目标粒子群算法进行优化,得到确定性优化方案;考虑到制造工艺、环境等对设计变量的影响,引入6Sigma可靠性优化设计方法,对确定性优化方案进行可靠性优化并与优化前结果进行了对比。结果表明:经过可靠性优化的不确定性优化方案的6Sigma质量水平和可靠性能得到大幅提高,满足实际生产需求;优化后整车吸能提高了3.1kJ,零件质量和减小了3.8kg,降幅为7.45%,达到了优化目的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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