数字量水堰

用量水堰施放不稳定流、需要调节量水堰的水头高度,以往的调节控制都是采用常规的闭环控制方法,精度、稳定性和跟踪效果不够理想。数字量水堰是开环控制方式,方法简便可靠,可以按给定的过程曲线精确可靠地施放流量。本文介绍了数字量水堰的设计原理和应用方法。     

西流水水电站混凝土面板堆石坝渗水成因分析

西流水水电站一期蓄水后,坝后量水堰渗水量随库水位升高逐渐增大,目前量水堰渗水量q=76.5L/s（Q=6610m3/d右岸帷幕灌浆尚未封闭）,工程全部竣工后坝前水位升至1920 m高程时,坝后量水堰处渗水量可能还有增大趋势,通过对基础岩体和灌浆效果的分析,对天生坝透水率以及水位等方面渗水成因的分析后,对坝体的安全性进行了评价.     

广西右江百色水利枢纽银屯副坝渗流监测技术

对银屯副坝的渗流压力、渗流量进行监测,在坝体和岸坡埋设了测压管和渗压计,在坝后导渗沟出口设置量水堰。本文介绍了测压管、渗压计、量水堰的施工和观测过程,对监测数据进行了计算和分析。     

一种新型的量水设备——U形渠道直壁槽式量水堰

本文通过大量系统的试验研究,得出了U形渠道直壁槽式量水堰的体型参数、水流流态及水尺位置,研究了这种量水堰的测流原理,并提出了自由出流和淹没出流时简单实用的计算方法。文中还列举了三个典型的算例可供工程设计和管理应用参考。     

非恒定流水力模型流量检测控制系统及其特性分析

介绍了由闭环数字化量水堰组成的、用于非恒定流水力模型量测的流量测控系统的组成、工作原理和控制方法，对该系统的动态性能指标和实际应用效果进行了详细分析和讨论，并与电磁流量计、电动执行阀组成的闭环测控系统进行了比较，结果表明，闭环数字化量水堰测控系统的检测精度较高。     

数字量水堰的应用研究

通过对原理和试验数据的分析，指出了入堰流量和溢流水库的形式是数字量水堰在应用中影响精度的主要因素，并对它们做了定量的分析研究。结果表明，使用数字量水堰能够获得零至足够大的非恒定流，流量精度可以达到5％的全量程，并具有理想的稳定性。     

U形渠道直壁槽式量水堰的流量系数和流速系数的探讨与计算

本文通过理论分析,推导了U形渠道直壁槽式量水堰的流量系数和流速系数的理论计算式,讨论了流量系数的变化规律。并在大量试验研究的基础上,得出了上游水头与水深、上游水头与喉道临界水深的线性关系,提出了流量系数和流速系数的实用计算公式。     

灌溉渠中的平底侧收缩堰初探

提出一种平底侧收缩堰作为灌溉渠中的新型量水堰,以代替通用的薄壁堰,并对这种堰的水流特征进行了分析与初步的试验研究。这种堰的特点是构造简单,水位落差小,可在多沙渠槽中应用,而不会在堰前产生泥沙淤积。     

万家寨引黄连接段7号洞进口和出口梯形堰室内率定试验

对万家寨引黄连接段7号洞进口和出口梯形堰采用不同比例尺的模型进行了室内系统试验,利用最小二乘法和系列模型延伸法进行分析判别,最终推定实际尺寸超过规范规定的梯形量水堰的流量因数,对工程在实际运行量测中具有指导意义。     

抽水蓄能电站库区水化学特征影响因素及其示踪作用

通过对泰山抽水蓄能电站2009—2020年各类水体水化学特征影响因素的分析,论述了水化学特征变化对库水渗漏的示踪作用。结果显示：泰山抽水蓄能电站库水和地下水均呈弱碱性,水化学类型主要为HCO₃-Ca型,部分为HCO₃-SO₄-Ca、HCO₃-SO₄-Ca-Mg、SO₄-Ca-Mg型,巴山沟地表水水化学类型为SO₄-Ca、SO₄-Ca-Mg型。离子比值分析表明,硅酸岩风化是库水、地下水以及巴山沟地表水水化学离子的主要来源;巴山沟地表水受岩石风化和大气降水的同时控制作用,有未经充分水岩反应的大气降水混入。水化学聚类分析表明,右岸排水廊道和坝后量水堰水样来自库水的渗漏补给,库底廊道量水堰、B2高压支管廊道、6号和1号施工支洞水来源为区域地下水补给。水化学分析结果与水体氢氧同位素分析结果有较高的一致性。     

边界层理论在明渠测流中的应用

本文根据边界层理论计算壁面阻力的方法分析了明渠测流槽流量的计算问题。并把这种方法应用于Ｕ形（圆底形）喉道测流槽和Ｕ形渠道直壁槽式量水堰。模型试验及原型观测结果证明，理论计算和实际观测吻合。因此应用边界层理论来计算测流槽的流量，不仅从理论上研究了测流槽的量水问题，简化了繁琐的试验率定，而且具有重要的实用价值。     

浅谈景电灌区量水现状及信息化量水的发展

灌区测水量水是合理调度和充分利用水资源,实施计划用水的一项必要措施,测流数据是配水、计量、收费、计算渠系利用率的唯一依据。景电工程水源泵站测流经历了用流速仪测流,差压法测流,电滋流量计测流的发展过程,干、支、斗渠上均设置了量水堰,经历了纯人工测流到支口、斗口部分安装自动测流装置,支口测流由人工测流为主演变为微机自动测流为主的发展过程,总干一支口到六支口实现了与计算机联网观测记录,提高了工作效率。     

基于温度示踪法的堤坝渗漏探测研究

温度是地下水渗流的天然示踪剂。地层温度的分布在正常情况下是连续有规律的,温度是随地层深度的增加而增大。但在有地下水渗流的影响下,地层的温度分布会产生异常现象。通过采集钻孔中的温度数据,绘制温度曲线;根据温度的异常变化判断地层渗流的情况,如确定地层集中渗漏通道以及地下水的补给关系等信息。利用温度示踪法对西部某水电站进行了地下水探测分析;根据地层中温度的异常,探测出集中渗漏水是从水平排水条带汇集到坝后量水堰,由此提出了相应的处理措施。     

基于FLUENT的明渠平板闸门淹没出流流场研究

为了研究明渠淹没出流下平板闸门测量流量,采用进口断面上自编UDF程序的水位边界条件方法,结合标准的k-湍流模型和VOF方法,利用Fluent软件建立了水流流体域和明渠平板闸门的三维模型,对不同开度下明渠平板闸门淹没出流进行数值模拟,获得了过闸流量和水面线、流速分布,闸门处动水压力以及闸后梯形断面的流速分布等规律,结合现场试验验证,结果表明：平板闸门测量流量能够达到灌区矩形量水堰的测量流量精度;采用数值模拟所得流量与平板闸门测量流量的相对误差在3%以内,说明数值模拟能够用于明渠淹没出流下平板闸门的流场研究,为明渠平板闸门测量流量提供理论依据。     

具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.