新型核-多臂星形聚合物电解质

采用傅里叶转换红外光谱法(FT-IR)、微分扫描量热分析(DSC)、离子阻抗谱等测试手段对以超支化聚缩水甘油(HPG)为核，线型聚氨酯(PEU)为臂的核-多臂星形聚合物进行了表征，对其分子结构与电导性能之间的关系进行了初步探索．结果表明，星形聚合物比线型聚合物有更强的溶盐能力和离子传输能力．氧锂比(氧化乙烯单元与锂离子的摩尔比)为4，共混比(质量)为30％时，体系的最高电导率可达0．2mS／cm．当星形聚合物的臂数为5时，体系的电导率高于相同条件下的其他臂数的聚合物体系．体系的电导率随温度的升高而升高，其变化规律符合Arrhcnius方程．     

端羟基超支化聚酯的改性及性能研究

以三羟甲基丙烷和二羟甲基丙酸为原料,在对甲苯磺酸催化下合成了端羟基超支化聚酯,8-[4′-丙氧基（1,1-联苯）-氧]-辛酸为封端剂对超支化聚酯进行改性,采用羟值滴定确定封端率。通过红外光谱（FT-IR）和核磁共振谱(NMR)对改性前后超支化聚酯的化学结构进行了表征,并采用差示扫描量热法（DSC）和广角X射线衍射（WAXD）对所合成超支化聚合物的热性能进行了研究。结果表明,封端剂的最佳用量为聚合物中羟基物质的量的1.05倍,在此条件下,超支化聚合物封端率达到92.02%;改性前后聚合物化学结构与理论结构一致,改性后聚合物玻璃化温度显著升高,且聚合物物相由无定形态转变为晶态与非晶态共存。     

新型核-多臂聚合物的合成和表征

合成了以超支化聚缩水甘油为核，聚氨酯剂聚物为臂的新型星形聚合物，并利用核磁共振、Raman光谱、差热分析、X射线衍射等手段对其结构和性能进行了表征．结果表明，该聚合物超支化核的支化度为0．54，核臂比为1：4，且无明显结晶，呈无定型态．由自旋晶格驰豫时间Tl的变化可知，星形聚合物局部分子链段更容易运动．这些性质都有利于星形聚合物在固体电解质方面的应用．     

超支化聚(酰胺-酯)水溶液的特性粘数

以丁二酸酐和二乙醇胺为原料,合成了一种超支化聚(酰胺-酯),并研究了其水溶液的特性粘数([η])与温度的依赖关系。结果表明:[η]随温度升高有异常变化,在69.1~69.8°C,[η]明显降低,在此区间以外,则几乎不受温度影响。在此温度区间[η]突然降低,可能是由于体系中聚合物间和聚合物与水间因氢键形成的物理交联网络在高温下受到破坏而引起的,即体系发生了体积相变现象;DSC测试显示,用冰醋酸改性超支化端基减少端羟基数后,相变温度也相应从改性前的69.1°C降至53.2°C。实验证实上述现象并非由聚合物在水中的水解所造成的。     

超支化水性聚氨酯共混改性聚氨酯乳液的性能研究

利用乙酸酐对自身可以水分散的超支化水性聚氨酯(WHBPU)进行封端,得到了乙酰基封端的超支化水性聚氨酯(AWHBPU).研究了超支化水性聚氨酯共混改性聚氨酯乳液的剪切黏度、粒径分布以及表面张力.实验结果表明,对WHBPU羟基的封闭可以有效降低共混聚氨酯乳液的黏度;AWHBPU共混乳液偏离牛顿流体程度明显下降;粒径和表面张力测试表明,超支化水性聚氨酯进入胶束内部引起粒径上升是引起黏度下降的重要原因.     

含磷超支化聚酰胺的合成与表征

以三苯基氧化膦为原料,通过硝化反应、还原反应,合成B3型单体三（3一氨基苯基）氧化膦（TAPPO）．以己二酸为A2单体,利用A2＋B3溶液聚合的方法,制备具有超支化结构的聚酰胺．研究反应条件对聚合物特性黏度的影响;利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、核磁共振谱（NMR）对含磷超支化聚酰胺进行结构表征;利用差示扫描量热法（DSC）、热重分析（TGA）测定超支化聚酰胺的热性能．     

聚氨酯/全氟端基星型聚合物固体电解质

用全氟端基星型聚合物与线形聚氨酯共混，掺入高氯酸锂制成聚合物固体电解质．并利用红外光谱、拉曼光谱、差热分析、扫描电镜、交流阻抗谱等测试方法对电解质体系的溶盐性能、热性能和导电性能进行了研究．全氟端基星型聚合物是由全氟辛酸酰氯在作为核的超支化聚缩水甘油表面接枝得到．结果表明，含有全氟端基星型聚合物的固体电解质有更好的溶盐和导电性能．     

全氟端基超支化聚缩水甘油的合成与表征

合成了以超支化聚缩水甘油为核、氟碳链为臂的超支化聚合物，并利用红外光谱、核磁共振、元素分析、凝胶渗透色谱、差热分析等手段对其进行了初步表征．作为核的超支化聚缩水甘油是以丙三醇为起始剂、缩水甘油为单体，在三氟化硼乙醚引发下阳离子开环聚合得到的．全氟辛酸酰氯由全氟辛酸与亚硫酰氯在DMF的催化下反应得到．利用聚缩水甘油的大量端羟基，将氟碳链接入聚缩水甘油中，得到了全氟端基超支化聚合物．这种全氟端基超支化聚合物其合成方法简单，结构独特：内核为亲水性，外臂疏水疏油，而且具有良好的成膜性能，有利于其在实际中的应用．     

超支化聚酰胺负载铂纳米簇杂化膜催化剂在苯加氢反应中的活性寿命

采用溶液缩聚合成了超支化聚酰胺,制备了超支化聚酰胺负载铂纳米簇杂化膜催化剂,对比新鲜和使用11次后的杂化膜催化剂,考察了催化剂在苯加氢反应中的活性寿命问题,并结合了透射电流(TEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、X-射线能谱(XPS)等手段对催化剂表征.结果表明:杂化膜型催化剂比传统粉末型催化剂寿命更长、活性更好;在杂化膜型催化剂中,使用超支化聚合物作为贵金属的载体,比线性聚合物作载体时苯的转化率高.起主要催化作用的可能是杂化膜表面的铂纳米颗粒.     

热塑性共聚醚聚氨酯和聚氨酯脲的结构与性质

基于不同相对分子质量的环氧乙烷－四氢呋喃共聚醚、二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯／异佛尔酮二异氨酸酯和扩链剂１，４－丁二醇／乙二胺等合成了一系列热塑性聚氨酯和聚氨酯脲弹性体，采用差示扫描量热、Ｘ－ｒａｙ衍射和１３Ｃ核磁共振等对其结构和性质等进行了研究．获得了各类弹性体的相分离与软段相Ｔｇ的关系，确定并指出了异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯形成的热塑性聚氨酯和聚氨酯脲为完全无定性结构．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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