热处理对涤纶长丝强伸性能影响的研究

拉伸是熔纺初生纤维后加工过程中的一道重要工序。主要研究了牵伸工艺中热处理温度对涤纶长丝强度和断裂伸长率的影响，并给出回归方程。     

热处理对共聚酯复合纤维性能的影响

着重讨论了热处理对共聚酯复合纤维性能的影响,同时还对它的超分子结构和纤维形态进行了探讨。结果表明,共聚酯复合冷拉伸纤维较其热拉伸和聚酯纤维有高的热收缩率和潜在卷曲性,但强度略低,伸长稍大。经过热处理,共聚酯复合纤维及其加弹丝将呈现出极好的三维卷曲形态和卷曲性能,且热收缩率、卷曲度和卷曲弹性率均随热处理温度提高而增大,断裂强度下降,伸长变大,其强度下降程度和伸长增长率均比聚酯纤维大。     

THE INFLUENCE OF THE DRAWING TEMPERATURE ON PHYSICAL STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF PET FILAMENTS

In this paper the influences of the drawing temperature on physical structures and properties of PET filaments have been studied. The results show that the temperatures of the first-stage drawing will have significant effects on birefringence development of filaments during the second stage drawing, as well as the oriented amorphous filaments change to crystanine-oriented filaments after heat treatment. Increasing temperature of the second-stage drawing can be greatly increasing the crystallinity and decreasing the dry heat shrinkage of the filaments.     

THE INFLUENCE OF DRAWING CONDITIONS OF PET POY ON STRUCTURE AND PROPERTY OF THE FIBER

Drawing tests upon PET POY have been made by using dynamic thermal stress analyser,which show that the dynamic thermal stress of fiber is readily affected by drawing conditions. Aseries of samples have been obtained under different drawing velocities, drawing temperatures anddraw ratios. The variations of structural factors of fiber such as the orientation, crystallinity,crystallite size and the thermal shrinkage have been measured. It is proved through experimentsthat the thermal shrinkage(Y) of the drawn fiber of PET POY is influenced by the orientation (rep-resented by sonic velocity x_1) and crystallinity (x_2) of the fiber. The quantitative relationship is es-tablished using the binary regression method: Y=10.2246+2.2030x_1-26.2670x_2 The mechanical properties such as tenacity, elongation, yield stress, initial modulus and the te-nacity at 10% elongation, etc. have also been measured. The relations between the tenacity at 10%elongation (D) and drawing velocity(V), draw ratio (DR), drawing temperature (T), and sonic ve-locity and crystallinity have been obtained using a method of mathematical statistics: D=4.594-0.009 6V , D=-8.937+7.170DR, D=2.866+0.00629T, D=-7.34+2.866x_1+6.314x_2 These equations fit well with data from the experiments. This work will be benefical to the control of quality of products and the development of newproducts.     

加热温度和时间对棕榈纤维拉伸性能的影响

为研究热处理对棕榈纤维拉伸性能的影响,在不同温度(100～200 ℃,间隔20 ℃)、不同时间(3、6、9 h)条件下对棕榈纤维进行加热处理,并测试其拉伸性能。结果表明:加热温度对棕榈纤维的拉伸性能有极显著影响,随着加热温度的上升,棕榈纤维的杨氏模量逐渐变大,断裂强度和断裂伸长率逐渐降低,并在加热温度为160～180 ℃时纤维的拉伸性能发生突变; 加热时间对棕榈纤维的拉伸性能也有显著影响,即随加热时间的延长,杨氏模量逐渐增大,断裂强度和断裂伸长率逐渐降低。     

Influences of NMMO Content in Coagulation Bath on Mechanical Proper-ties of Lyocell Fibers

The influences of the coagulation bath concentration in N-Methyl-Morpholine-N-oxide(NMMO)processon the maximum spinning speed and the mechanicalproperties(the modulus,the tenacity and the extensionat break)of Lyocell flbers are investigated.The resultsshow that the maximum spinning speeds decrease withthe increasing coagulation bath concentration.When theconcentration of coagulation bath is 10％(wt％),the te-nacity and modulus of the obtained Lyocell fibers reachmaximum and the extension at break of the fibers reach-es minimum.     

热处理对涤纶长丝热收缩率影响的研究

遇热收缩是化学纤维的一项重要的性能，对于新产品开发和质量控制都有着很重要的作用。这里主要研究了牵伸机热盘、热板温度对涤纶长丝热收缩率的影响，最后，得出其回归方程。     

热处理对二醋酯纤维拉伸性能的影响

采用干热和湿热两种条件处理二醋酯长丝（松弛和张紧状态）,分析处理温度、负荷和时间对纤维拉伸性能的影响.结果显示,经松弛干热处理后,二醋酯纤维的拉伸性能改善不明显;张紧干热处理中,纤维拉伸性能的改善主要取决于处理温度和负荷;松弛湿热处理后再经张紧干热处理,纤维的拉伸性能改善程度较相同条件下的单一张紧干热处理大.     

聚氨酯改性不饱和聚酯研究

本文主要研究聚氨酯和不饱和聚酯的合成以及聚氨酯对不饱和聚酯的强度及韧性的影响以及反应的动力学研究。实验结果表明：掺入聚氨酯后,不饱和聚酯的延伸率随聚氨酯的含量的增加而增大,但其拉伸强度却随着聚氨酯的含量的增大呈现出先变大后减小的趋势。     

Preparation of High Shrinkage Polypropylene

The common PP chips have been used to prepare high shrinkage PP fibers with shrinkage in boiling water higher than 50%. Meanwhile, the process conditions on fiber structure and properties have been discussed in detail. With the increase of drawing temperature, the shrinkage in boiling water of the fiber increases at first, and then decreases in the temperature range from 70℃to lOO℃. The better drawing temperature is from 75℃ to 85℃ according to the melt index of the PP material. The shrinkage in boiling water of PP fiber increases with the increase of pump delivery. The orientation factor and crystallinity increase with the increase of drawing temperature. With an increase in drawing temperature, unit-cell numbers and monomer unit numbers in every crystal nucleus tend to increase, but unit volume crystal nucleus tend to reduce.     

STUDY OF PET AIR-JET TEXTURING SEWING THREAD PROPERTIES

This paper presents a study of properties of air-jet textured threads made from high strengthpolyester filament and ordinary strength polyester filament.It includes the evaluation of tenacity,breaking elongation,modulus,specific work,evenness,abrasion resistance,hook strength,knotstrength and other mechanical properties relating to sewing.The polyester air-jet texturing sewingthread has special structure and appearance and possesses better properties of evenness,goodabrasion resistance,fatigue property,high hook and knot strength.     

Effect of Blending Ratio on he Properties of Ramie/Polyester Blended Yarn

The effects of the blending ratio on the properties of Ramie/Polyester blended yarns are discussed in this paper. The experimental results show that the elongation of the yarn with the polyester content more than 40% is better than that of others. There is a lowest tenacity of the yarn corresponding to the blending ratio of 50/50 or so. The other properties of the yarn, such as the evenness and hairiness, will be improved with the increasing of the polyester content.     

涤/棉混纺股线拉伸力学性能与捻度关系的研究

对13.1tex设计捻度为85.6捻/10cm的涤/棉(65/35)混纺环锭纱,用退捻、加捻的方法获得5种不同捻度的单纱.对同一捻度的单纱合股后反向加捻成不同捻度的合股线,测量了合股线的断裂强力、伸长、初始模量,发现同一单纱捻度的涤/棉股线,随着合股捻度增加,其断裂比强度出现4个极大值,且其分布有一定的规律.     

改性HTBN型聚氨酯弹性体的配方优化研究

以端羟基聚丁二烯—丙烯腈共聚物(HTBN)为软段、聚醚(酯)多元醇为改性剂,采用浇铸工艺制备聚氨酯弹性体(PUE)。研究了聚醚(酯)多元醇种类、分子量以及用量对PUE力学性能的影响,研究了二异氰酸酯、扩链剂种类对PUE力学性能的影响。实验结果表明:以HTBN与PTMG-1000混合物(质量比为1 1)为软段、PPDI为硬段、E-300作为扩链剂制备PUE,当预聚体NCO%为6.0%、NCO/NH2摩尔比为1.05,预聚体浇注固化后在115℃热处理2 h,得到的PUE力学性能最佳。PUE的拉伸强度为48.23 MPa、撕裂强度为165.26 N/mm、断裂伸长率为652.45%、硬度(邵氏A)为97。     

助剂对聚氨酯微孔弹性体力学性能的影响

以聚酯POL-2016、聚醚PPG-330N、异氰酸酯MT、MDI-100LL、交联剂乙二醇、TMP等为主要原料，采用半预聚物法制备聚氨酯微孔弹性体．研究了在MT／MDI-100LL体系中各种助剂的用量或种类对聚氨酯微孔弹性体力学性能的影响．随着固化剂TMP用量的增加，微孔弹性体的拉伸强度、100％定伸应力先升后降；而回弹性先稍有降低后升高，扯断伸长率则呈先降后升再降的趋势．当固化剂TMP的加入量为A组分中多元醇质量的1．5％时，试样的综合性能较好．发泡剂用量增加，微孔弹性体的机械强度、回弹性先剧烈下降，当用量大于2％时又略有上升或下降缓慢．泡沫稳定剂用量增加，微孔弹性体的机械强度和回弹性均升高，扯断伸长率也稍有升高．催化剂用量增加，微孔弹性体的力学性能下降而工艺性能提高，因此应控制催化剂的用量．     

PLA纤维的性能研究

本文研究了PLA纤维的表面形态、物理机械性能、吸水性、在碱性洗涤剂中的收缩性,以及酸、碱和有机溶剂对PLA纤维的强力损伤程度.结果表明:PLA纤维的强度与形态和PET纤维相近,吸水率比棉小但比PET纤维大,PLA纤维在碱性条件下缩水率和强力损失速率大,PLA纤维抵抗酸碱和有机溶剂的能力大小为:丙酮＞盐酸＞碳酸钠＞氢氧化钠.     

常压阳离子染料易染共聚酯纤维微观结构与性能

采用红外光谱分析和X射线衍射法,表征常压阳离子染料易染共聚酯(ECDP)纤维的微观结构,并通过测试ECDP纤维和聚酯(PET)纤维的拉伸性能、吸湿性能和导电性能,探讨了微观结构对纤维性能的影响.结果表明:ECDP纤维中第三组分间苯二甲酸5磺酸钠的加入使结晶度减小,因此,断裂强度和初始模量比PET纤维小,而断裂伸长率有所增加,回潮率较大,体积比电阻较小.     

聚乙烯冻胶丝萃取超拉伸的研究

通过宏观和微观两方面研究聚乙烯冻胶丝条在萃取超拉伸过程中的分子结构变化发现:超拉伸过程诱发和促进了大分子伸直链结构的形成。借助测定纤维热性能口赖曼(Raman)光谱图等来探索和描述纤维在萃取超拉伸过程中的结构及性能的变化,由此提出聚乙烯冻胶纤维萃取超拉伸四阶段变化模型。     

静态热老化对NR硫化胶交联结构及力学性能的影响

研究了老化时间和环境对三种硫化体系的天然橡胶 ( NR)硫化胶的交联结构与力学性能的影响 .结果表明 ,三种 NR硫化胶的交联密度、定伸应力相近 ,多硫键含量最多的 CV体系硫化胶拉伸强度和伸长率最大 ,单硫键含量最大的 EV体系的拉伸强度和伸长率最小 ;有氧和绝氧热老化均使 NR硫化胶中多硫键减少 ,单硫键增加 .未填充的 NR硫化胶 ,其交联密度随热氧老化先增后减 .对于 N330填充的 NR硫化胶 ,有氧和绝氧热老化都使交联密度增加 ,拉伸强度和伸长率降低 ,而定伸应力和硬度增加 ,但 CV体系的性能保持率最低 ,EV体系最高     

涤纶长丝织物在染整加工中缩率的变化

涤纶织物在染整加工过程中，受到各种工艺条件的复合作用，从而使得产品在外部形态及结构尺寸上不断发生变化．为了确切反映染整加工中每道工序对织物形态的影响，实验模拟了不同品种的涤纶长丝织物的染整工艺，分别考察各工序处理后织物缩率的变化．结果发现，各个工序对织物的缩率有不同程度的影响，织物在整个染整工艺过程中的总缩率随着热定型温度的升高而增加;影响织物收缩的因素包括热、湿和碱，其中热、湿的作用最为显著．