10种贵州特有植物的种苗繁殖试验及其分布机理研究

本文报道了贵州10种特有植物的种苗繁殖栽培和特有分布机理的研究结果:小黄花茶Camellia luteoflora、美丽红山茶C.delicata、冬青叶山茶C.ilicifolia、狭叶瘤果茶C.neriifolia、长柱红山茶C.longistyla和贵州石笔木Tutcheria kweichowen-sis的播种出苗率分别为30.5%、70.0%、50.0%、53.0%、70.0%和49.0%,其成苗数与出苗数的比值分别是51.7%、89.7%、89.7%、83.8%、87.5%、和71.0%;黄平槭Acer huangpingense、贵州槭A.guizhouensis、雷公山槭A.legongshanensis和红脉槭A.rubronervium的出苗率分别达60.3%、65.2%、72.0%和61.0%,其成苗数与出苗数的比值分别为99.0%、95.0%、99.2%和50.1%。采用种子田间播种育苗、枝条扦插繁殖的方式进行种苗扩繁栽培研究,按植物系统发育类群分为槭树属4种、山茶属5种、石笔木属1种等3个组别,分别测定扩繁系数为0.93～1、0.93～1和1,苗木产出周期2～3年,并对这10种特有植物特有分布的机理进行了探讨。这10种植物对环境因子敏感,对适应生态环境的选择性强,但却能够迁地扩繁栽培并生长良好,这说明了这些植物特有分布的物种生物学特性及其生态环境适应性的特征。     

贵州石笔木播种育苗的温度和湿度关系研究

我们采用调控温度和湿度的比较试验对贵州石笔木 (TutcheriakweichowensisChangetY .K .Li)种子萌发与播种育苗进行了研究 ,其试验表明贵州石笔木种子萌发的最佳温度为 2 0～ 2 5℃、湿度为 80 %～ 90 % ;采集的种子在此条件下砂藏层积 10～ 15d开始萌发 ,4 0～ 50d萌发率达 85%～ 93 % ;种子萌发后播种于恒温2 0℃的苗床中 60d后出苗率和 3 60d后成苗率分别达到 60 7%和 4 3 7%。这一研究结果对于珍稀濒危的贵州石笔木植物种质资源的有效保护和开发利用有科学意义和实用价值     

不同环境因素对砂蓝刺头种子萌发及出苗的影响

分析了不同温度、降水和沙埋深度对冬型一年生植物砂蓝刺头种子萌发及幼苗出土的影响.结果表明:在光暗交替(12 h/12 h)条件下,砂蓝刺头种子萌发的最适温度是30℃/20℃,萌发率达到95.2%;其次是25℃/15℃,萌发率为57.78%.种子出苗的最适沙埋深度为1 cm, 1～5 cm埋深种子萌发及出苗率随沙埋深度增加而减小;在幼苗能够出土的沙埋深度(0～4 cm),幼苗首次出土所需的时间随着沙埋深度的增加而延长.在1 cm埋深处,幼苗出土率随着单次降水量的增大显著增加;单次降水量6～24 mm时出苗率25%, 30 mm时出苗率达到46.7%.不同降水处理对不同沙埋深度种子出苗也具有显著影响;在1～4 cm埋深内,月降水量56 mm的出苗率显著大于36 mm,在1 cm埋深处出苗率分别为70.93%和42.28%.在沙坡头地区,降水分布较多的夏季和秋季早期是砂蓝刺头种子最适宜的萌发及出苗环境,这是一年生植物对干旱半干旱地区降水时空分布适应性的体现.     

贵州特有植物及其种质保存研究

目前贵州特有或仅在贵州分布的种子植物共计280种(含变种),占贵州省种子植物总数的5.3%.它们分别隶属66科、144属.贵州特有植物,分布范围狭窄,环境恶化,它们不仅稀少,而且濒危.为此,三年来,我们择其具有显著代表性和开发应用前景较好的15种植物进行种质资源的保存研究工作.     

栓皮栎出苗期的活动温度和积温研究

利用分期播种的试验方法,在人工气候箱和苗圃地两种环境下,采取人工模拟环境和自然环境分别测试栓皮栎出苗期土壤温度及出苗率.依据积温学说进行数据处理,确定了栓皮栎的活动温度和出苗所需的活动积温.结果表明:1)在人工环境中,当设定环境温度为6℃时,栓皮栎种子未发芽;当环境温度提升至8℃时,种子零星发芽;当设定环境温度为10℃与12℃时,其出苗率接近80%,因此确定栓皮栎的活动温度为10℃.2)在人工环境中,出苗率为60%与80%的积温相差较小,平均出苗积温为1000℃·d;在自然环境中,由于受环境影响栓皮栎幼苗出苗整齐性较差,因此以出苗率为60%对应的活动积温1300℃·d作为栓皮栎幼苗出苗活动积温.     

三种锦鸡儿属植物幼苗出土对埋深的响应

文章研究了埋深对刺叶锦鸡儿、白皮锦鸡儿和草原锦鸡儿幼苗出土的影响.设计0、1、1.5、2、3和5cm 共6个埋深处理.结果表明:随埋深的增加,3种锦鸡儿的出苗率先升高后下降,0cm 3种植物的出苗率均较低,1～2cm的出苗率最大,3cm是白皮锦鸡儿和草原锦鸡儿出苗的最大埋深,而刺叶锦鸡儿在埋深为5cm时仍有出苗,但出苗率仅为3%.埋深对3个种幼苗株高的影响不显著.研究确定1～2cm的土壤埋深最适宜这三个种幼苗的出土和生长.     

多彩贵州特色景观植物优选防治石漠化栽培研究

多彩贵州公园省碳酸盐岩层分布面积达73.0%以上,优选其特色景观植物开展防治石漠化栽培应用具有重要意义。通过植物资源评价和实地调查比较,筛选出贵州特色景观植物20种,开展了采种育苗、迁地栽培和防治石漠化林业绿化工程应用的试验研究,结果表明:(1)调查发现在筛选出的20种植物中,已开展应用栽培的有6种(30.00%),另14种(70.00%)仅有少量中试,尚需扩大试验和推广应用。(2)20种贵州特色景观植物的苗木引种存活率普遍大于采种播种出苗率和应用栽培成活率,除了荔波红瘤果茶和贵州石笔木迁地露地栽培的存活率分别为83.06%和88.26%外,其他都在90.08%以上。(3)在阔瓣白兰花、红豆树、黄连木、清香木、贵州槭、掌叶木、银杏、鹅掌楸、贵州石楠、马蹄决明、灰毡毛忍冬、岩百合等12种植物的种苗繁育、引种栽培和应用试验结果中,苗木引种存活率与应用栽培存活率差异不显著,苗木引种存活率与采种播种出苗率的差异显著(P0.05),应用栽培存活率与采种播种出苗率的差异显著(P0.05);但是,在伞花木、贵州红山茶、红花瘤果茶、荔波红瘤果茶、贵州石笔木、香果树、栾树、喜树等8种植物的试验结果中苗木引种存活率、应用栽培存活率和采种播种出苗率两两之间都存在显著差异(P0.05)。(4)在防治石漠化栽培应用试验中的种苗成活率皆未达到极显著(P0.01),表明其筛选植物的苗木就地繁育引种栽培和采集种子繁育种苗栽培的方法皆适合于生产应用;其中阔瓣白兰花、贵州槭、贵州红山茶、红花瘤果茶、荔波红瘤果茶、贵州石笔木、香果树、岩百合等8种植物,采用采集种子异地育苗开展应用栽培的效果最好。     

10种贵州特有植物狭限分布与扩大栽培的研究

报道10种贵州特有植物狭限分布与扩大栽培的研究结果：小黄花茶（Comellia luteoflora),美丽红山茶（C.delicata)、冬青叶山茶（C.ilicifolia)、狭叶瘤果茶（C.neriifolia)、长柱红山茶（C.longistyla)和贵州石笔木（Tutcheriakweichowensis)的播种出苗率分别为30．5％、70．0％、50．0％、53．0％、70．0％和49．0％,其成苗数与出苗数的比值分别是51．7％、89．7％、89．7%、83．8％、87．5％、和71．0％,黄平槭（Acer huangpingense)、贵州槭（A.guizhouensis)、雷公山槭（A.legongshanensis)和红脉槭（A.rubronervium)的出苗率分别达60．3％、65．2％、72．0％和61．0％,其成苗数与出苗数的比值分别为99．0％、95．0％、99．2％和50．1％。这些特有的植物彼此都是独立的物种起源,来源于古老的孑遗植物和生存变异进化。采用种子田间播种育苗、枝条扦插繁殖的方式进行种苗扩繁试验研究,并按植物系统发育类群分为：1．槭树属4种,2．山茶属5种,3．石笔木属1种等3个组别分别测定扩繁系数为0．93－1．0、0．93－1和1,苗木产出周期2－3年,试验表明有针对性地解决某引种与扩大栽培的生态适应性和提高成活率和扩繁系数的技术难题,实现种苗扩繁与扩大栽培等具有重要意义。     

植物激素处理青岩油杉种子与种苗关系初析

用植物激素对贵州特有,稀有植物－青岩油杉种子进行预处理试验,结果表明,以４００μｇ／Ｌ的ＩＢＡ溶液处理种子,出苗率达５２．５％比对照高１９．５％;用４００μｇ／Ｌ的ＮＡＡ溶液处理种子,一年生苗高１２．３ｃｍ,地径粗０．１９ｃｍ,比对照增高４．５ｃｍ,增粗０．０４ｃｍ,２,４－Ｄ溶液也可在不同程度上提高种子出苗率及苗木年生长量。     

不同育苗基质及激素处理对华重楼种子出苗的影响研究

针对重楼育苗常遇到的出苗时间长、出苗率低和种子播种后腐烂严重的问题,对最佳育苗方式、育苗基质及在较短时间内获得较多的重楼种苗等方面进行研究,旨在为重楼栽培和育苗方面提供一些技术参考。研究了不同厚度稻草覆盖、土壤与草炭不同配比、不同浓度KNO₃与赤霉素（GA3）溶液浸种重楼种子对重楼种子出苗的影响。结果表明：在重楼种子播种前的土壤表面覆盖厚度为4 cm的稻草后播种重楼,再在重楼种子表面覆盖厚度为4 cm的稻草,重楼种子的出苗率最高,达90.8%,与其他覆盖厚度的差异具有高度统计学意义,出苗时间为播种后的第20月;土壤与草炭质量比为1∶3时,重楼种子的出苗率为73.0%,与其他质量比的出苗率的差异具有高度统计学意义,出苗时间为播种后的第20月;用c（KNO₃）为19 mmol/L、c（GA3）为600 mg/L的溶液浸种重楼种子,种子下胚轴长出率最高达56.67%,与排第2位溶液组合（c（KNO₃）为16 mmol/L、GA3的质量浓度为600 mg/L）下胚轴长出率的差异具有高度统计学意义,出苗时间为浸种处理后的第8月。3种育苗方式比较表明：稻草覆盖厚度为4 cm、土壤与草炭质量比为1∶3的育苗基质利于提高重楼种子的出苗率,c（KNO₃）为19 mmol/L、GA3的质量浓度为600 mg/L的溶液浸种重楼种子,可大大缩短重楼种子的育苗时间,幼苗获得率约50%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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