银胶菊对南瓜化感作用的初步研究

以南瓜作为受体,通过种子萌发及幼苗生长试验,初步研究了银胶菊浸提液的化感作用.结果表明:(1)银胶菊浸提液对南瓜种子的萌发具有明显的抑制作用,叶、根、全株浸提液对南瓜种子萌发的抑制效应均随处理浓度的增加而增强；(2)各器官浸提液对南瓜的根长均有一定的促进作用,银胶菊叶、根及全株浸提液对南瓜的苗高具有抑制作用,且抑制作用...     

野生雷公藤醇提取物对杉木种子发芽的化感效应

利用醇浸提的方式对福建泰宁产野生雷公藤的生化物质进行提取,通过杉木种子发芽实验进行生物检测,分析结果表明：野生雷公藤各器官的醇浸提物在各浓度下对发芽率、发芽势、鲜物质量和干物质量都有不同程度的抑制作用,对平均胚根长和平均胚轴长有不同程度的促进作用。主成分分析结果表明,野生雷公藤醇提取物在各个浓度上对杉木种子的萌发整体上都有抑制作用,且浓度越高,抑制作用越强烈,与人工栽培雷公藤醇浸提液处理实验结果相比较,野生栽培雷公藤醇浸提液对杉木种子发芽有更为强烈的抑制作用。     

乌拉尔甘草化感自毒活性的研究

本研究以乌拉尔甘草作为试验对象,探究其各器官(根、茎、叶和根状茎)是否存在化感自毒作用。利用乌拉尔甘草各器官不同浓度(0、0.025、0.1 g/mL)的水浸提液开展种子萌发试验,以模拟研究甘草根系分泌物及茎叶淋溶物对自身种子的化感自毒潜力,并将各器官粉末与土壤混合作为栽培基质开展盆栽试验,以评价甘草残茬和凋落物对幼苗生长的化感自毒效应。结果表明：所有器官的水浸提液均显著地降低了甘草种子的萌发指数,并表现出显著的浓度依赖效应,即水浸提液浓度越高,则对种子萌发指数的抑制效果越明显;茎、叶和根状茎高浓度水浸提液(0.1 g/mL)处理下的甘草种子最终萌发率显著低于对照组,与对照组相比分别降低11.1%、17.3%和11.1%;所有处理组的种子均存在延迟萌发现象,并且随着水浸提液浓度的提高,种子萌发的延迟效应愈加显著。在幼苗盆栽试验中,所有处理组均对乌拉尔甘草幼苗的生长具有不同程度的抑制作用,其中添加甘草根、茎和根状茎粉末的处理完全抑制了幼苗根状茎的发育。与对照组相比,添加根、茎、叶和根状茎粉末处理的幼苗地下器官甘草酸含量分别降低70.9%、21.5%、49.3%、62.5%,总黄酮含量分别...     

牛膝菊对黄山乡土植物柔毛水杨梅的化感作用

以外来入侵杂草牛膝菊(Galinsoga parviflora)根、茎、叶水浸提液处理黄山乡土植物柔毛水杨梅(Geum japonicum var.chinense)种子,并对其萌发效果进行研究。结果表明:不同器官浸提液对柔毛水杨梅种子的萌发率以及萌发速度均表现出很强的抑制作用,且随各浸提液质量浓度的增加抑制作用相应增强,但各浸提液的影响存在一定差异性。当茎、叶浸提液质量浓度均为0.1 g/mL、根浸提液质量浓度为0.08 g/mL时,对种子萌发的抑制作用达到最强;同一器官浸提液在0～0.1 g/mL质量浓度范围内,对种子萌发的抑制作用随浓度的增加而加强,当质量浓度为0.1 g/mL时,延迟作用最为显著,但茎、叶浸提液质量浓度为0.02 g/mL时,对萌发速率没有延迟却有加速作用。分析认为,抑制作用可能是多种化感物质共同作用的结果,且它们的性质、活性各不相同。     

入侵植物大狼把草对2种农作物的化感作用

运用水浸提法提取入侵植物大狼把草茎叶化感物质,通过对比试验研究了不同浓度的大狼把草茎叶水浸液对大麦和小麦种子萌发以及幼苗生长发育的影响.结果表明,大狼把草浸提液对大麦种子的萌发有显著抑制作用,对小麦种子萌发抑制作用不明显.除50g/L浸提液外,其余处理对大麦和小麦苗高和根长均有显著的抑制作用.浸提液对2种作物根的分化均有一定抑制性,其中,对小麦根的分化抑制作用较大.大狼把草浸提液对小麦及大麦化感作用的综合效应为抑制作用,对大麦的抑制力大于小麦.     

党参自毒作用研究

研究了党参地上和地下部分水浸液对自身种子萌发和幼苗生长以及生理指标变化的影响.结果显示:党参根系和茎叶水浸液处理对自身种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用显著,处理浓度越高,抑制作用越强.其中根系水浸液的抑制作用强于茎叶水浸液.0.1 g FW.mL-1的根系水浸液完全抑制种子的萌发,显著抑制幼苗的生长.党参根系水浸液处理显著抑制幼苗硝酸还原酶活性和根系活力、抑制超氧化物歧化酶活性.同时增加了幼苗丙二醛含量、促进过氧化物酶活性.研究表明党参具有明显的自毒作用,自毒作用是导致党参连作障碍的主要原因之一.     

杨树根系浸提液对几种农作物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

针对林农复合经营系统中杨树根系浸提液对几种农作物种子的萌发及幼苗生长的影响进行了研究。采用不同浓度的南林95杨和NL-80351杨根系浸提液处理几种主要的农作物种子，并进行了发芽试验。结果表明：南林95杨和NL-80351杨根系浸提液对这几种农作物种子的萌发及幼苗生长均具有一定的影响。两种杨树无性系根系浸提液对小麦、油菜、大白菜的种子萌发和幼苗生长有明显的抑制作用，浸提液浓度较高时表现尤其明显，其抑制程度从大至小分别为小麦、油菜、大白菜；相反，两种根系浸提液对棉花的萌发和幼苗生长则有显著的促进作用。其中南林95杨根系浸提液对小麦和油菜萌发及其幼苗生长的抑制作用以及对棉花萌发和高生长的促进作用均强于NL-80351杨的；但对棉花根长生长的促进作用则南林95杨弱于NL-80351杨的；南林95杨根系浸提液对大白菜种子萌发和根长生长的抑制作用强于NL-80351杨的，对其高生长的影响南林95杨主要表现为抑制，NL-80351杨则表现为促进。     

三叶鬼针草和胜红蓟的叶浸提液对旱稻种子萌发的影响

通过测定旱稻种子萌发率、根长、苗高、根系活力、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性等6项生理指标,研究了三叶鬼针草和胜红蓟的叶浸提液对旱稻种子萌发的影响。结果表明:三叶鬼针草和胜红蓟的叶浸提液对旱稻种子萌发具有抑制作用。在较低浓度下,两种植物的叶浸提液降低了旱稻种子的萌发率,抑制了幼苗根和茎的生长,降低幼苗的根系活力,提高了POD和SOD的活性,从而抑制旱稻种子萌发及生长。综合各项指标,在相同浸提液浓度下,胜红蓟对旱稻种子萌发及生长抑制作用更强。     

外来植物日本落叶松凋落叶对卧龙乡土植物化感作用的研究

为了探究外来植物日本落叶松(Larix kaempferi)凋落叶对乡土植物的化感作用,本文以5种卧龙乡土植物为试材,采用培养皿滤纸法及盆栽土培法,研究了不同浓度(0.01、0.05、 0.1 g/mL)的日本落叶松凋落叶水浸提液对乡土植物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:日本落叶松凋落叶水浸提液对5种乡土植物种子萌发及幼苗生长均有影响.1)浸提液对种子萌发的化感作用综合效应的强度依次为紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)夏枯草(Prunella vulgaris)草木犀(Melilotus officinalis)车前(Plantago depressa)披碱草(Elymus dahuricus).浸提液对紫花苜蓿、草木犀及夏枯草种子萌发主要表现出抑制作用,且抑制程度与浸提液浓度正相关;对披碱草及车前种子萌发表现出"低促高抑"的现象.2)浸提液对幼苗生长的化感作用综合效应的强度依次为紫花苜蓿草木犀夏枯草披碱草车前.其中浸提液对紫花苜蓿及草木犀幼苗生长主要表现出抑制作用且与浓度呈正相关;对披碱草及夏枯草幼苗生长表现出"低促高抑"的作用,对车前幼苗的生长始终表现为促进作用.研究结果为日本落叶松林下人工补植、增加植物多样性提出了营林管理措施.     

树上干杏及杨树水浸提液对玉米和向日葵种子萌发的影响

通过对玉米和向日葵种子在树上干杏和杨树水浸提液处理下萌发情况的研究,旨在探明玉米和向日葵种子在不同浓度梯度树木浸提液胁迫下的萌发特性。结果表明:(1)树上干杏和杨树水浸提液对玉米种子发芽率具有抑制作用,尤其是高浓度(100g/kg)处理对其抑制作用显著,而对向日葵种子的抑制作用,除树上干杏根的水提液对其抑制作用较大,其他处理均不明显;(2)树上干杏根浸提液对玉米和向日葵发芽指数均有显著的抑制作用,其他处理组抑制作用较小;(3)树上干杏浸提液对玉米和向日葵幼苗生长具有抑制作用,且对胚根的抑制作用大于胚芽,而杨树浸提液对玉米和向日葵幼苗的生长既有抑制作用也有促进作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with