高强铝合金快速固溶工艺研究

固溶工艺是制约高强铝合金力学性能和热处理生产率的主要因素．本文以7075铝合金为例通过高温预热装炉、分级固溶等方法研究了高强度铝合金的快速固溶工艺．并结合金相组织观察和力学性能测试，分析了快速固溶对高强铝合金组织和力学性能的影响．结果表明：①固溶时间相同时，分级固溶的强度高于单级固溶的强度，分级固溶的塑性略低于单级固溶的塑性．②分级固溶时，随着二级固溶时间的增加，材料的强度增加，塑性略有降低．③采用500℃高温预热装炉、470℃／5min＋485℃／9min固溶和140℃／6h＋150℃（2／1h时效明显缩短热处理时间，提高生产率，同时力学性能仍然达到了常规热处理的水平．     

7711超高强、超高韧、高均匀铝合金研究

研究了经不同的固溶和时效方案处理的7711铝合金的力学性能,并结合微观组织进行了分析.结果表明:复合固溶(双级) 奇峰时效热处理新工艺比单级固溶的传统热处理方案好,可使铝合金获得最佳的综合性能,达到了合金的高均匀化,获得了超高强、超高韧的有效结合.铝合金新状态T79的抗张强度σb达778Mpa、屈服强度σ0 2达757Mpa、延伸率达11 0%.     

强化固溶对7055铝合金力学性能和断裂行为的影响

残余可溶结晶相颗粒是制约高强度铝合金力学性能的重要因素．作者通过改变固溶热处理条件并结合金相组织观察和断口分析研究了强化固溶对提高7055铝合金力学性能的作用．结果表明采取逐步升温固溶处理可使最终固溶温度超过多相共晶温度而不产生过烧组织,提高残余可溶结晶相的固溶程度和合金力学性能．强化固溶的7055合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别达715MPa和750MPa,且延伸率约为10％;微量元素Zr比Cr更有利于提高7055合金的力学性能,且在强化固溶条件下,提高效果更加明显．通过断口分析显示,合金的断裂属晶内韧窝断裂与沿晶断裂的混合断裂;强化固溶后,残余结晶相引起的晶内韧窝断裂减少,沿晶断裂增加     

固溶时间对7050铝合金组织和性能的影响

采用金相组织观察(OM)、常温拉伸试验以及扫描电镜(SEM)等研究了固溶保温时间对7050铝合金固溶程度、微观组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着固溶时间的增加,合金组织的回复再结晶程度增大,变形晶粒转变为等轴晶粒.7050铝合金中的难溶相Al7Cu2Fe和Al2CuMg随着固溶时间的延长仍然难以溶解;7050铝合金较理想固溶处理制度为477℃固溶1 h,经过121℃时效24 h后合金的力学性能最佳,Rm=605 MPa、Rp0.2=547MPa、A=12.8%.     

Mg-Sm系合金的显微组织及力学性能

研究了Mg-(1%～3%)Sm(质量分数)合金在多种状态下的显微组织和力学性能.采用光学金相分析(OM),扫描电子显微分析(SEM),X射线衍射分析(XRD)等多种分析和测试手段,系统研究了挤压工艺及热处理(固溶处理、时效处理)对Mg-Sm系合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果显示,合金的铸态组织由a-Mg基体和Mg41Sm5组成.合金经热挤压加工后,Mg41Sm5相沿挤压方向呈纤维或颗粒状分布.在420℃挤压时,试样内发生了动态再结晶,致使挤压后合金的强度和塑性得到大幅度改善.固溶以及时效处理后,合金的性能比铸态有较大提高;而采用挤压后的直接时效(T5)处理,可获得良好的综合力学性能.因此,Sm可以考虑作为强化变形镁合金的添加元素.     

6061铝合金挤压型材性能影响因素分析

针对实际生产中T6状态下6061铝合金挤压型材性能不合格的现象,研究了成分、组织与固溶制度对其性能的影响规律。结果表明,影响6061铝合金挤压型材性能的因素主要是元素配比及合金固溶程度。当合金中Mg过剩时,虽能提高型材抗蚀性,但强度及塑性也随之下降。当固溶温度为510℃,随着固溶时间的延长,第二相在基体中的溶解度升高;当固溶时间为45 min时,随着固溶体温度的升高,力学性能呈现上升趋势,当固溶温度达到480℃时,合金强度明显提高。当固溶时间为45 min,随着固溶温度的提高,T6状态下6061铝合金挤压型材的强度总体呈现逐渐提高的趋势,而伸长率和电导率变化不明显.     

喷射成形超高强度Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的固溶处理

研究了单级固溶和双级固溶热处理工艺对喷射成形Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金力学性能的影响.应用光学显微镜、扫描电镜与透射电镜对显微组织和第二相颗粒的固溶及沉淀析出状况做了进一步的研究.结果表明:双级固溶时效和单级固溶时效处理制度相比,前者得到的组织和力学性能较为理想;双级固溶处理综合了低温单级固溶和高温单级固溶的优点,即再结晶晶粒尺寸较小,同时回溶颗粒较多.时效后的组织也较理想.采用双级固溶处理(450℃/3h 480℃/3h)和T6时效处理后,合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别达到806MPa和797MPa,延伸率达到7.5%.     

Si含量对高强高韧7050铝合金组织和力学性能的影响

通过熔炼制备8种不同杂质Si含量的7050铝合金,研究了Si含量从0.033%~0.491%的变化对7050铝合金组织和力学性能的影响规律.结果表明：当Si含量增加至0.134%时,合金铸态组织中出现明显的粗大富Si杂质相,并且随Si含量增加,富Si杂质相含量增多;粗大富Si杂质相在均匀化退火、热挤压以及固溶处理过程中都难以溶解,残留在时效态合金组织中;当Si含量增加至0.134%时,时效态合金的室温拉伸强度和塑性明显提高;在Si含量高于0.344%后,Si含量的增加使合金的室温拉伸强度、塑性和断裂韧性都显著降低.为获得最佳的室温强度和塑性,7050铝合金的Si含量应控制在0.121%~0.134%,但要获得更好的断裂韧性,需进一步降低合金中Si含量.     

近固溶度高温析出对7055铝合金时效强化和应力腐蚀的影响

对7055合金采用先高温固溶后降温析出处理,通过光学显微镜、TEM观察和力学性能测试,分析了固溶后高温预析出处理对7055铝合金显微组织及力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:先高温固溶后再进行降温处理,在近固溶度条件下于晶界处产生预析出,并提高了后续时效状态下晶界析出相不连续分布的程度;这种预析出在保持高强度和高塑性的同时,可以改善合金的应力腐蚀抗力.     

稀土Ho对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系高强铝合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

[目的]为了提高Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系高强铝合金的综合性能,研究了稀土钬(Ho)对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系高强铝合金显微组织及力学性能的影响。[方法]采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜观察、能谱仪和拉伸试验等方法对稀土钬(Ho)改性Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系高强铝合金显微组织和力学性能进行了研究。[结果]加入Ho能够细化基体组织、净化晶界,使呈网状连续分布的晶界变为断续的岛状和鱼骨状;当稀土Ho的含量为0.5%时,晶粒达到最小最细状态,且合金熔铸缺陷明显减少,合金的抗拉强度为244 MPa,伸长率为2.92%,韧性达到最大值;随着Ho含量的增加,合金中生成了一种新相Al_3Ho,该相较软,析出在晶界,从而降低了合金的硬度。[结论]加入适量稀土元素Ho可以有效细化Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系高强铝合金的组织,显著提高合金的塑性及韧性,但硬度下降。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has