A dynamic model of calcium signaling in mast cells and LTC4 release induced by mechanical stimuli

Mast cells （MCs） play an important role in theimmune system. It is known that mechanical stimuli caninduce intracellular Ca2＋ signal and release a variety ofmediators, including leukotriene C4 （LTC4）, leading toother cellular and physiological changes. In this paper, wepresent a mathematical model to explore signalling path-ways in MCs, by including cellular mechanisms for intra-cellular Ca2＋ increase and LTC4 release in response tomechanical stimuli, thapsigargin （TG, SERCA pumpinhibitor）, and LTC4 stimuli. We show that （i） mechanicalstimuli activate mechano-sensitive ion channels and induceinward ion fluxes and Ca2＋ entry which increases intra-cellular Ca2＋ concentration and releases LTC4; （ii） TGinhibits SERCA pumps, empties the internal Ca2＋ stores,which activates Ca2＋ release-activated Ca2＋ channels andresults in sustained intracellular Ca2＋ increase; and （iii）LTC4 activates receptors on MCs surface and increasesintracellular Ca2＋ concentration. Our results are consistentwith experimental observations, and furthermore, they alsoreveal that mechanical stimuli can increase intracellularCa2＋ even when LTC4 release is blocked, which suggests afeed forward loop involved in LTC4 production. This studymay facilitate our understanding of the mechanotransduc-tion process in MCs and provide a useful modeling tool forquantitatively analyzing immune mechanisms involvingMCs.     

钙离子信号及细胞调控信号网络动力学

钙离子(Ca²⁺)是细胞内广泛存在的一种重要的第二信使,参与并控制着几乎所有的生命活动过程.细胞信号分子网络对细胞正常和病理生理活动过程进行着精密调控,确保细胞各项生理功能有序地进行.本文综述了近些年本课题组关于细胞内钙信号及细胞信号网络动力学模型方面的研究进展,包括集团化钙离子通道释放局域钙信号、细胞全局钙波信号、内质网和线粒体钙微域调控钙信号和钙信号调控细胞凋亡信号网络动力学,以及细胞信号调控网络动力学等.这些理论工作为研究钙信号和蛋白质信号网络调控细胞复杂生命过程的动力学机制提供了方向和思路.     

Chronic stress induced proliferation and activation of mast cells of gastric antrum in rats

To explore chronic eration and activation of mast heterotypic stressors induced prolifcells in gastric antrum mucosa by ultrastructure alterations of mast cells, chronic unpredictable heterotypic stressors were used as a study model. The mean immunofluorescence magnitude of mast cell protease 1 （MCP-1） taken from chronic stress rats were 37.4±7.7, significantly higher （p〈0.05） than the value of normal control group （24.8±5.6）. Chronic unpredictable haterotypic stressors appeared also to induce ultrastructure alterations of mast cells. It indicated that mast cells were proliferated and activated, while mast cell granules were hyperplasiaed. Most granules had obvious intragranular changes with loss of electron-dense material. The morphologic evidence showed that macrophages and leukocytes infiltrated in chronic stress rats. Some granules of leukocytes adhered to the surface of mast cell, and formed a bridge. Macrophages phagocytized the mast cell granules.     

小鼠肥大细胞蛋白酶4的原核表达和多克隆抗体制备

文章构建小鼠肥大细胞蛋白酶4（mMCP-4）原核表达体系,获得原核表达蛋白,并制备兔抗mMCP-4多克隆抗体,提取小鼠脾细胞总 RNA ,运用 RT-PCR技术获得目的基因 mMCP-4,构建重组原核表达载体pET28a-mMCP-4,将其转化到大肠杆菌BL21中诱导表达。mMCP-4融合蛋白经Ni亲和层析法纯化后,作为抗原免疫兔子获得mMCP-4多克隆抗体。采用ELISA法测抗体效价,western blot检测抗体特异性。结果表明,构建重组表达质粒pET28a-mMCP-4,经大规模原核表达获得大量mMCP-4融合蛋白,制备的兔抗血清效价达1∶128000,并表现出较好特异性。研究结果为进一步研究mMCP-4生物学功能奠定了基础。     

Dynamical simulation of cornea deformation in laser surgery

A dynamical simulation method is presented to model the cornea deformation in surgery of laser thermokeratoplasty. The virtual cornea is constructed as a mass-spring system. The corneal surface tension is simulated by damping spring stretch between mass points on the cornea model. The aqueous humor in the eyeball is modeled as ideal gas, and the intraocular pressure is simulated by gas pressure. The coagulation force is exerted on each photocoagulation spot to demonstrate its collapse caused by the condensation of corneal soft tissue irradiated by laser. An extra viscous drag force is added to each mass point to weaken the mass point oscillation. The use of the effective time-corrected Verlet integral method brings about flowing and stable dynamic simulation procedures. The simulation results show that, comparing to the undeformed model, the curvature of the region between the optical center and photocoagulation spot increases obviously. Moreover, the shape of the deformed virtual cornea is much similar to that of the real cornea after surgery.     

激光作用生成的网孔硅结构

作者结合量子受限效应,提出纳硅晶与氧化硅界面态发光模型来解释激光作用生成的纳米网孔壁结构的强荧光效应。将功率为50W、波长为1064nm的YAG激光束(束斑直径0.05mm)照射在硅样品表面打出小孔,在孔内的侧壁上,有很特殊的网孔形结构,其中的网孔壁厚为纳米尺度,这里有很强的受激荧光发光效应,发光峰中心约在700nm处。我们将激光与硅样品的作用隔离于无氧化的环境里,分别比较了将硅样品浸入酒精、氢氟酸和水中的激光加工结果,其发光情况证实了该发光模型的真实性。优化激光加工的条件,我们获得了较强发光的样品。     

指数效用函数下天使投资人的价值信号模型研究

天使投资人的价值信号就是创业企业家有限的初始净财富投资于新创企业的比例,文章针对创业企业家不同的风险偏好,采用了具体的指数效用函数,重点研究风险厌恶和风险爱好这2种不同情形下天使投资人价值信号的确立。证明在创业企业家效用最大化的前提下,天使投资人的价值信号存在,并且可以表示为线性方程。     

Modulation of synchronous calcium oscillations in hippocampal neurons by photostimulation of astrocytes with femtosecond laser

A large body of evidence indicates that astrocytes play an important role in a range of brain functions through calcium (Ca²⁺) signaling. Experimentally evoking Ca²⁺ signaling is a useful technique for investigating the functions of astrocytes. However, conventional stimulation methods typically have poor spatio-temporal precision, and some are invasive. Our group has developed a technique to overcome these problems, in which astrocytes are photostimulated with a femtosecond laser. In the current study, we applied this method to a hippocampal neural network to explore astrocytic functions in detail. The results revealed that applying photostimulation to astrocytes in a cultured hippocampal astrocyte-neuron network caused the following changes: (i) Synchronous Ca²⁺ oscillations in neurons were induced; (ii) spontaneous Ca²⁺ synchrony instantaneously emerged; and (iii) high-frequency spontaneous Ca²⁺ synchrony was regulated. Thus, astrocytic Ca²⁺ signaling evoked by photostimulation was found to modulate synchronous Ca²⁺ oscillations in hippocampal neurons. We propose that photostimulation with a femtosecond laser will serve as a powerful tool in investigating astrocytic functions at the network level.     

PI3K-Akt和JNK信号通路抑制剂对杆状病毒诱导昆虫细胞凋亡影响的初步研究

为了探讨杆状病毒诱导昆虫细胞凋亡通路与细胞内PI3K-Akt和JNK信号通路的关系,应用PI3K的特异性抑制剂Wortmannin和JNK的特异性抑制剂SP600125处理芹菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒(AfMNPV)感染的斜纹夜蛾SL-1细胞,研究了这些抑制剂对杆状病毒诱导昆虫细胞凋亡的影响.分别使用浓度梯度2.5,25,50μmol的SP600125和0.3,3,30μmol的Wortmannin处理感染了SfaMNPV的SL-1细胞,24h后进光镜观察、DAPI荧光染色,流式细胞术分析显示,抑制PI3K-Akt和JNK信号通路后杆状病毒诱导的细胞凋亡受到明显影响,细胞凋亡水平明显降低.研究结果提示AfMNPV诱导斜纹夜蛾SL-1细胞凋亡过程可能涉及细胞PI3K-Akt和JNK信号通路.     

实验性低甲状态下甲状腺肿大与肥大细胞的相关性研究

用组织学方法制作不同时期小鼠甲状腺的石蜡切片,并进行H.E,TB和AB S染色,以观察甲状腺组织结构、肥大细胞数量及其组化性质的动态变化.结果表明,在甲状腺肿大过程中,甲状腺滤泡直径增大(30d,直径为(383.90±52.79)μm),并逐渐向不规则形(55d)及细胞团索(65d)发展;肥大细胞的数量逐渐增多,且同期均极显著地高于对照组(P<0.01);肥大细胞的红色、红蓝混合颗粒逐渐减少,蓝色颗粒逐渐增多;肥大细胞的CEC值逐渐变小,这说明小鼠在实验性低甲状态下甲状腺肿大组织中肥大细胞的数量和组化性质呈动态变化.     

Phosphodiesterase 4 and compartmentalization of cyclic AMP signaling

Cyclic AMP (cAMP), as a second messenger, plays a critical role in cellular signaling transduction. However, it is not clear how this apparently identical cAMP signal induces divergent physiological re- sponses. The potential explanation that cAMP signaling is compartmentalized was proposed by Buxton and Brunton twenty years ago. Compartmentalization of cAMP signaling allows spatially distinct pools of protein kinase A (PKA) to be differently activated. Research on cAMP signaling has regained impetus in many fields of life sciences due to the progress in understanding cAMP signaling complexity and functional diversity. The cAMP/PKA signaling compartments are maintained by A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) which bind PKA and other signaling proteins, and by PDEs which hydrolyse cAMP and thus terminate PKA activity. PDE4 enzymes belong to PDE superfamily and stand at a crossroad that allows them to integrate various signaling pathways with that of cAMP in spatially distinct com- partments. In the current review, the nomenclature, taxonomy and gene expression of PDE4, and the system and region of its effect are described. In addition, the idiographic molecules, mechanisms, and regulation models of PDE4 are summarized. Furthermore, the important roles PDE4 plays in the matu- ration of rat granulosa cells and cAMP signaling compartmentalization are discussed.     

CHO细胞微核的激光扫描细胞仪自动化检测方法

 运用激光扫描细胞仪,采用FITC和PI两种荧光染料,结合细胞胞质分裂阻断微核技术,对环磷酰胺(CP)诱导的中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞微核进行了检测,并将该方法与传统微核显微镜检法进行了比较,旨在探索CHO细胞体外微核的激光扫描细胞仪自动化检测方法.结果表明,激光扫描细胞仪方法能够准确识别胞质阻滞的双核细胞及双核细胞中的微核,环磷酰胺(CP)处理浓度与其诱导的双核细胞微核率成正相关,激光扫描细胞仪法与传统显微镜检法获得的微核率具有良好的相关性.激光扫描细胞仪检测方法能简便、经济、快速、高效地检测CHO细胞微核,适于体外培养细胞尤其是贴壁细胞微核的高通量检测.     

Mitochondrial response and calcium ion change in apoptotic insect cells induced by SfaMNPV

Mitochondrial responses and changes of calcium ions in apoptotic insect SL-1 cells induced by Syngrapha falcifera multiple nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SfaMNPV) are reported in this paper. By using Rhodamine 123 as a fluorescent labeling probe, flow cytometry analysis and confocal laser scanning microscope observation we observed that the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (△ψm) began to decrease in SL-1 cells at 4 h post infection and △ψm reduced continuously with the extension of virus infection. Western blotting indicated that the Bcl-2 level in the mitochondria gradually declined and was down- regulated. Cells undergoing apoptosis were found to have an elevation of cytochrome c in the cytosol and a corresponding decrease in the mitochondria, which indicated that cytochrome c was released from mitochondria into cytosol. These results suggest that mitochondrion-mediated apoptotic signal transduction pathway exists in apoptotic insect cell induced by SfaMNPV. Cytosolic free calcium ([Ca^2 ]i) concentration rapidly increased after SfaMNPV infection and the elevated calcium was tested to come partly from extracelllular calcium ion influx. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that the apoptosis in SL-1 cells was not influenced by established cytosolic calcium clamped conditions and the EGTA inhibiting calcium influx. Therefore, neither the elevation of cytosolic calcium ion nor extracellular calcium entry was the inducing factor of apoptosis, which hinted that the depletion of ER Ca^2 store contributed to SL-1 cell apoptosis induced by SfaMNPV.     

飞秒激光辐照CuZr非晶合金损伤动力学研究

采用考虑了电子压强梯度的双温分子动力学方法,研究了纳米CuZr非晶合金薄膜在脉宽为100 fs,能量密度为0.08～0.16 J/cm~2的飞秒激光辐照下的烧蚀动力学过程.结果表明,低能量密度下,电子压强梯度对靶材的结构损伤过程影响很小.高能量密度下,电子压强梯度对靶材内部的电子温度和晶格温度演化场产生了显著的影响,CuZr非晶合金薄膜的结构存在皮秒量级的由电子压强梯度诱导的非热烧蚀过程,并且随着能流密度的增大,这一超快的非热烧蚀过程在时间尺度上会得到提前.     

New dynamic model for non-Fickian diffusion of calcium spark in cardiac myocytes

A new dynamic model for non-Fickian diffusion of calcium spark in cardiac myocytes was developed by introducing time lags on the basis of the microscale mass transport theory. Numerical simulation showed that the size of the calcium spark produced by the new dynamic model was larger than that of Fick diffusion and was in more agreement with experimental results. In addition, the time lags of the calcium spark in cardiac myocytes were about 0.1--0.8 ms. These results can be used to understand the mechanism of calcium spark diffusion in cardiac myocytes.     

激光焊接等离子体简化电流模型及应用

等离子体控制是解决高功率激光焊接的关键技术。为完善对等离子体控制技术 ,对焊接过程中等离子体电流的形成进行了理论分析 ,并将等离子体导电过程简化等效为一个具有内阻的电源模型。采用 3 k W CO2 激光器在不同激光焊接规范下 ,依据测量得到的等离子体电流计算得到了等效电源电压和等效内阻。最后依据此模型成功实现了辅助磁场对等离子体的控制     

双边符号空间上的一类拟移位映射

给出了双边符号空间上的拟移位映射,证明它与通常的移位映射σ拓扑共轭,并且用它刻划了平面上含有Smale马蹄的映射.     

ZnO纳米晶体的同轴送氧激光制备及其特性

利用场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪以及X射线能谱仪等试验方法对同轴送氧CO2连续激光制备的ZnO纳米晶体的形貌、组成成分以及相结构进行了分析．研究结果表明：同轴送氧激光辐射能够制备梅花状纳米晶体、四足晶体、纳米盘、纳米线等不同的纳米晶体；在不同的激光参数作用下，能够产生纯度很高的结构和性质相同的ZnO纳米晶体；并且ZnO纳米线阵列沿着金属锌板厚度生长，保持着自然的生长方向，有利于氧化锌晶体的提取，从而建立了一种制备ZnO纳米晶体的方法。     

激光切割血管支架筋宽变化模型构建

在血管支架激光切割加工中存在着筋宽变化,影响支架撑开性能.基于激光切割血管支架的筋宽形成机理,构建出表述切割过程中支架筋宽变化的数学模型.理论计算及支架加工试验表明:管材激光切割点回转偏心量的大小是造成支架筋宽变化的主要因素;用数学模型指导调整机床,可将激光切割支架的筋宽变化控制在0.01 mm以下.     

相对论强激光在等离子体中传输的成丝不稳定性和斑图动力学

基于考虑了相对论效应及有质动力作用的非线性薛定谔方程,本文从理论及数值上研究了相对论激光在等离子体中传输的成丝不稳定性及斑图动力学,研究表明相对论效应及有质动力作用会破坏强激光传输的相干性,在调制不稳定性作用下,非相干光波发展成为复杂的空间斑图.物理上,这些复杂斑图的产生是由短波长模中的能量增长及无规分配所引起的.