碳纤维─铜复合材料磨损性能研究

本文研究了碳纤维－铜复合材料在干摩擦状态下的磨损特性。着重研究了纤维取向、纤维含量、外加载荷的变化对复合材料磨损性能的影响、通过对磨痕扫描电镜的观察，探讨了复合材料的磨损机理。     

三维编织碳/环氧复合材料的摩擦学特性

为研究三维编织复合材料的摩擦学行为，采用RTM工艺制备了三维编织碳纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料，讨论了纤维体积比、纤维表面处理和润滑条件等因素对复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明，随着纤维含量的增加，复合材料的摩擦系数先降后升，在35％时有最小值；磨损率则一直下降。纤维表面处理使复合材料的磨损率降低，耐磨性提高，水润滑条件下复合材料的摩擦磨损性能远优于干摩擦条件下的性能。干摩擦条件下复合材料的磨损机制主要为黏着磨损，水润滑条件下则以磨粒磨损为主。     

树脂粘结剂含量对汽车摩擦材料性能的影响

选定国产改性酚醛树脂作为汽车摩擦材料树脂粘结剂基体,研究了不同树脂含量对材料机械性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响,并通过ＳＥＭ 和ＥＤＡＸ表观分析来确定摩擦材料中树脂粘结剂的最佳含量．研究结果表明：在所选定的６ ％ ～１４％ 树脂含量（质量分数）范围内,材料的冲击强度都能满足使用要求．树脂含量在１４％ 及其以上时,材料高温热衰退严重,导致摩擦因数下降,高温磨损加剧,磨损量上升;在树脂含量过高或过低时,材料将因粘结剂量过少或树脂高温分解导致粘结力下降,使增强纤维存在拔出现象,导致摩擦因数不稳定,材料磨损加剧．综合各项性能,得出：摩擦材料中基体树脂用量不宜太多,其含量以８％ ～１２ ％ 为佳,其中以８％ 为最佳．该结论在桑塔纳轿车无石棉盘式刹车片的研制中得到验证     

SiCp/Al复合材料制动盘用树脂基摩擦材料研究

为了选择适合于SiCp／Al复合材料制动盘的树脂基摩擦材料增强纤维，采用MG-2000摩擦磨损试验机研究了钢／钢纤维、Kevlar纤维／钛酸钾晶须以及碳纤维3种增强体系摩擦材料的摩擦磨损性能．结果表明，钢／铜纤维增强摩擦材料具有最高的摩擦因数和适当的磨损率，因此钢／铜纤维适合作为SiCp／Al复合材料制动盘用摩擦材料的增强纤维．摩擦表面的SEM形貌显示，钢／铜纤维摩擦材料的摩擦表面主要由铜纤维涂抹形成的大块不连续的摩擦膜组成；Kevlar纤维／钛酸钾晶须摩擦材料的摩擦膜细密而又连续；碳纤维摩擦材料表面没有形成致密的摩擦膜．     

碳纤维对中铜-石墨复合材料组织与性能的影响

采用传统的粉末冶金法制备了碳纤维－中铜－石墨复合材料，测试了该材料的体积密度、电阻率、硬度、抗压强度和摩擦磨损等性能。并用扫描电镜观察了该材料的显微组织、断口和磨面形貌，分析了碳纤维含量对该材料组织和性能的影响。结果表明碳纤维－中铜－石墨复合材料随碳纤维含量的增加，体积密度和电阻率变化很小，摩擦系数和磨损量明显减小，而洛氏硬度和抗压强度有所升高。     

成型工艺对树脂基摩擦材料及其摩擦学性能的影响

以碳纤维2.5D浅交弯联结构为预制体,分别采用树脂传递成型工艺(RTM)和热压成型工艺(HPM)制备了碳纤维增强酚醛树脂基摩擦材料.通过MS-T3001摩擦磨损试验机考核了材料的摩擦磨损性能,采用扫描电子显微镜、激光三维形貌扫描仪观测了材料的磨损形貌,对比分析了两种成型工艺对材料摩擦学性能的影响.结果表明:随着滑动速度和工作载荷的增大,材料的摩擦系数均减小.热压成型工艺成型摩擦材料的主要磨损形式为磨粒磨损,摩擦系数0.085~0.130,磨损率1.5×10-8 g·N-1·m-1.树脂传递成型工艺成型摩擦材料的主要磨损形式为黏着磨损和疲劳磨损,摩擦系数0.075~0.120,磨损率7.5×10-8 g·N-1·m-1.     

制备工艺对C/C-SiC复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

以碳纤维针刺整体毡为增强体,采用化学气相渗透法(CVI)制备低密度的碳/碳多孔体,再分别采用反应熔体浸渗法(RMI)和先驱体浸渍裂解法(PIP)制备C/C-SiC复合材料。在MM-3000型摩擦磨损试验机上进行模拟飞机正常着陆能量条件下的刹车试验,研究两种制备工艺对C/C-SiC复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响。研究结果表明:PIP工艺制备的C/C-SiC复合材料摩擦性能较优,其平均动摩擦因数为0.350,平均磨损率为3.500μm/(面·次);摩擦表面较完整、致密,磨屑为粗颗粒状,表现为磨粒磨损、黏着磨损、氧化磨损的共同作用。RMI工艺制备的C/C-SiC复合材料摩擦表面粗糙,未形成完整的摩擦膜,磨屑为细颗粒状,表现为磨粒磨损、疲劳磨损、黏着磨损、氧化磨损的共同作用。     

短碳纤维／锡青铜复合轴承材料的制造及性能研究

本文以几种不同的粉末冶金工艺分别制得了短碳纤维增强Ｃｕ－１０Ｓｎ合金（Ｃ／Ｃｕ－１０ｓｎ）复合轴承材料，并对其性能进行了试验分析．研究结果表明，碳纤维复合材料的制造有特殊的工艺要求，复合材料的性能强烈依赖于其制造工艺，制造工艺不仅影响复合材料的孔隙率，还影响碳纤维在复合材料中的分布及其与基体的结合状态．试验结果还表明，碳纤维含量对Ｃ／Ｃｕ－１０Ｓｎ复合材料性能的影响也与制造工艺有关．     

碳纤维与铜颗粒增强聚甲醛复合材料摩擦磨损性能研究

利用热压成型工艺制备了不同含量的碳纤维、铜颗粒增强聚甲醛复合材料,研究了碳纤维、铜颗粒含量对聚甲醛复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响规律及其磨损机制。结果表明,碳纤维、铜颗粒显著提高了聚甲醛的耐磨性,在0.628m/s,100N实验条件下,碳纤维10%+铜颗粒10%构成的复合材料的磨损率最低,其磨损率比单独添加碳纤维10%降低了48.5%。摩擦表面形貌分析表明,添加铜颗粒使复合材料摩擦表面光滑,但却增大了摩擦系数。     

不生锈轻质泡沫纤维含量对树脂基摩擦材料性能影响

以腰果壳油改性酚醛树脂作为黏结剂,不生锈轻质泡沫纤维作为增强纤维,通过热压成型法制备了树脂基摩擦材料.研究不生锈轻质泡沫纤维质量分数(5％ ～25％)对树脂基摩擦材料的密度、孔隙率、力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响.并采用SEM对试样冲击断面、摩擦表面和磨屑形貌进行显微分析,采用EDS对磨屑进行元素分析.研究结果表明:随着...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that