飞秒激光声光扫描

飞秒激光的声光扫描具有快速、高精度和高重复性的优点，在显微成像、微细加工和光存储等领域具有广泛的应用前景，但受到严重色散效应的制约．该文综述了飞秒激光声光扫描研究的最新进展，给出了飞秒激光经声光扫描后的时空间色散与时间色散效应基本描述，介绍了飞秒高斯脉冲经声光扫描后脉冲宽度演化的理论进展，分析了各种用于飞秒激光声光扫描的色散补偿技术的特点，最后介绍了目前面临的挑战．     

激光荧光法测量气体温度的实验研究

激光诱导荧光（ＬＩＦ）法测量气体分子的温度，具有高时间分辨率和空间分辨率、灵敏度高、对被测对象不产生干扰等优点。设计了用该方法测量气体温度的一套实验装置。通过光纤传导，测量了激光诱导的碘饱和蒸气荧光在不同温度下的波形。证实了荧光信号按指数规律衰减，得到了不同温度下荧光衰减的时间常数。进而分析、处理，得到碘荧光的衰减时间常数和温度之间的经验公式。公式计算与实际测量的偏差最大不超过 １． ５５ ｎｓ。     

大气气溶胶光学参数的高光谱分辨率激光雷达探测研究

系统地介绍了国内第一台基于碘吸收滤波器的高光谱分辨率激光雷达系统,及有关的数据处理和测量结果．该系统以种子激光注入的窄带Nd：YAG激光器作为发射光源,利用碘吸收滤波器作为高光谱分辨率滤光器件,将接收到的激光后向散射信号分成能量监测和光谱监测两个探测通道,实现对大气气溶胶散射和分子散射的光谱分离．在没有其他假设、仅利用标准大气模型计算结果的情况下,直接测量得到气溶胶后向散射比、后向散射系数．与以往米散射激光雷达大气气溶胶参数提取方法如Klett方法相比,该测量方式无须激光雷达比即气溶胶消光系数对后向散射系数之比的假设．     

飞秒激光脉冲的测量与诊断

报道一种高精度的测量矩飞秒激光脉冲宽度的装置和方法。它是通过计算机精确控制压电陶瓷（PIZ）的伸缩,扫描得到飞秒激光脉冲强度的共线相干自相关曲线,以此分析得到超短激光脉冲特性和宽度的方法。它亦可以用于飞秒激光光谱实验研究。     

强场原子分子物理实验研究中的符合测量技术及其应用

飞秒激光具有超短的脉冲宽度和超强的峰值功率，已经成为测量和操控原子分子超快动力学行为的重要工具．但是强激光场下，原子分子行为非常复杂，多个反应通道纠缠在一起．全微分符合测量技术能够提供特定反应通道精确的动力学数据，推动了强场原子分子物理研究的快速发展．本文结合北京大学新建的冷靶反冲离子动量谱仪，介绍全微分符合测量技术在强场原子分子物理实验研究中的重要应用以及在强场原子分子物理实验研究方面取得的一些重要进展．     

测量飞秒光参量产生器输出光脉冲脉宽的自相关仪的设计

设计出一台只用一块非线性晶体就能够测量宽波长范围的飞秒激光脉冲脉宽的单次脉冲自相关仪,适用于测量由光参量产生获得的可调谐飞秒激光脉冲的脉宽.     

卫星编队飞行的飞秒激光绝对距离测量与高精度控制技术

该报告的内容按编队卫星飞行的星间绝对距离测量与时间统一、编队构型的精确控制两部分独立展开。编队测量方面:完成了星间相对导航、精确定位的方案设计,主要是基于飞秒激光飞行时间的绝对距离测量方法与基于压电偏摆镜的锁相环路实现的。利用由主星发射的三路独立的飞秒激光绝对距离测量获得子星靶标的3个微米精度的绝对信息,其中微米精度是由飞秒激光的高时间分辨本领决定的;利用压电偏摆镜的锁相环路建立了星间自由光通信链路,使得测距激光脉冲能够实时跟踪自由漂浮的子卫星角锥棱镜。给出了基于飞秒激光的相对导航以及基于压电偏摆镜的跟瞄系统锁相环路的设计方案并基于已有条件测试了压电偏摆装置的稳定性,设计了跟瞄与测距系统集成方案,为三路测距与跟瞄、并实现精确定位的实验演示验证打下了基础。实验上,针对小卫星搭载的需求,建立了一台高稳定性、高集成度、全保偏结构的掺铒光纤飞秒激光源,测距、跟瞄与星间时钟统一的工作将主要依赖该飞秒激光源展开。编队控制方面:分析了编队卫星的动力学机理。以近距离航天器相对运动方程为基础,分析了编队飞行的基本特性,分析了不同动力学模型的特点,确立了不同应用场合下动力学模型的选取准则。然后,考虑到微小卫星质量与载荷限制导致携带燃料有限,而编队初始化是个能耗较大的变轨过程,基于Gauss伪谱法为编队初始化过程设计了最优轨迹。最后,研究了卫星编队构型保持控制问题。首先确定了主从式的卫星编队协同控制结构。在该控制结构下,基于非线性相对轨道模型,分别采用传统滑模控制方法、自适应滑模控制方法设计了构型保持控制器,并对所设计的控制算法进行了仿真验证,验证了所设计控制算法的鲁棒性。     

双光子三维微细加工重复率对表面形貌的影响

飞秒激光三维微细加工是一种集超快激光、CAD／CAM、光化学材料等技术于一体的新型加工方法,它采用单点扫描累积成型,由点成线,由线成面进行加工．要得到精细的三维微器件,不仅需要高加工分辨率,还须选用合适的扫描步距．我们采用不同重复率工艺参数进行实验,并对得到的表面质量进行了分析,优化了微器件加工的重复率参数．还基于自由基浓度理论和曝光等效性原理,对重复率影响表面质量进行了仿真．加工系统采用飞秒激光光源：脉宽为80fs,中心波长为800nm,重复频率为80MHz,输出功率为400mW;使用数值孔径（NA=1．25）浸油物镜聚焦;三维扫描使用PZT移动台;材料是新型聚丙烯类S-3负性光刻胶．实验中采用步距0．1,0．2,0．3,0．4μm得到不同平面,并测得其表面粗糙度,分析了重复率对微器件表面质量的影响．     

新型单频激光干涉技术

论述了一种新型单频激光干涉技术的原理和测量系统。该测量系统在迈克逊单频激光干涉仪的基础上采用自扫描光电二极管列阵（ＳＳＰＤＡ）接收器件，将直流信号转换成交流信号、微处理机处理，具有波长自动补偿功能。实验证明它比一般单频激光干涉仪具有较高的抗干扰性及测量精度，其分辨率为 ０．０２μｍ。     

飞秒激光在半透明物质中的微爆破及应用

飞秒激光可以在玻璃内部加工出各种微小器件,比如光波导、光栅光耦合器等,也可以用在深板层内皮角膜移植手术中．因此,研究飞秒激光在半透明物质中的微爆,对医学应用领域具有重要的参考价值．文章介绍并探讨了飞秒激光在生物医学方面的应用及发展动态．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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