A Family Maximal Free Submonoid of the Free Monoid X

设X1是由字母表X生成的自由幺半群，{B1，B2}是X的任意2一划分，C=B2UBl（XN＼B1N）UE，其中E=B1N＋1（B10B1UB281uUB22B1U…UB2M-1B1UB2MX），N≥3，M≥o，则C’是X’的幺子半群。以X’为顶点集构造了一个语言图，然后利用该语言图证明了G‘是X‘的一族极大自由幺子半群。     

半群Cayley图的乘积

证明了半群Cayley图的乘积图仍是半群Cayley图．由于（弱）点传递图的乘积图保持传递性，进一步得到结论：（弱）点传递的半群Cayley图的乘积图仍是半群Cayley图，并保持（弱）点传递性．     

自由幺半群X＇的一族极大自由幺子半群

设X1是由字母表X生成的自由幺半群,{B1,B2}是X的任意2一划分,C=B2UBl（XN＼B1N）UE,其中E=B1N＋1（B10B1UB281uUB22B1U…UB2M-1B1UB2MX）,N≥3,M≥o,则C’是X’的幺子半群。以X’为顶点集构造了一个语言图,然后利用该语言图证明了G‘是X‘的一族极大自由幺子半群。     

图论在交换半群上的应用

在交换半群上定义了一种图结构，并对相应的图的性质进行了描述。本文所研究的是含零元的交换半群S，其相应的图Г(S)中的顶点为S中所有非零的零因子。若对S中任意元素r，有xry=0，则x和y之间有边相连。研究了Г(S)的性质和结构，说明无圈图Г(S)为双星图，同时，对每一个双星图也能找到一个交换半群使其零因子图与之同构。     

竞赛图的零因子半群

讨论了竞赛图的零因子半群.一个半群S的零因子图是一个有向图Γ(S),其顶点是S中非零的零因子,S中两个不同的元x,y有一条有向边x→y当且仅当xy=0.该文证明了如果S是一个没有非零幂零元的有限半群且图Γ(S)的顶点数大于1,那么图Γ(S)不是一个竞赛图.另外对于任意的正整数n,该文完全决定了顶点数为n蹬任一个竞赛图的所有零因子半群.     

完全图半群与连通图半群

引进了拟完全国半群、完全图半群、连通图半群以及连通元的概念，证明了有限字母在上的自由半群和相应的完全图半群同构；是可换图。另外，给出了ｎ阶连通简单图半群有Ｓ阶完全子图半群的一个充分条件。     

关于半群的广义Bruck—Reilly扩张

引进了半群的广义Bruck-Reilly扩张的概念,研究了其简单的性质;给出了半群的广义Bruck-Reilly扩张是π－逆半群的充要条件;刻画了一个半群（逆半群）T的广义Bruck-Reilly扩张为单（或半单）半群时半群（逆半群）T的性质,证明了由同态θ及幂等元e0所确定的半群T的广义Bruck-Reilly扩张BR（T,e0,θ）是单半群当且仅当对任意a,b∈T,存在x,y∈T^1以及k∈N使得a=x(bθ^k)y。     

图半群

构造了图半群,并证明两个拟简单图同构的充要条件是其相应的图半群同构;讨论了图半群、子图半群的一些性质;引进有向图半群,并讨论了它与严格有向图的关系.     

一类时滞方程的适定性

通过设立半群的方法，研究了形如：x＇（t）=A0x（t）＋∑i=1^pAix（t—hi），t≥0的一类时滞方程的解的适定性，其中A0是Banach空间X上解析半群{e^A0t，t≥0}的无穷小生成元，Ai（i=1，2，…，p）均为（γ—A0）^α-相对有界线性算子，其中0〈α〈1，γ〉ω0（A0）为解析半群{e^A0t，t≥0}的增长界。     

图半群中的相似性

首次在图半群中应用群作用的方法，研究了图自同态的（左、右）相似以及强自同态半群中格林类的（左、右）相似，讨论了（左、右）相似的基本性质，得出了（左、右）相似类长及类数的公式。     

图半群的度向量

定义了图半群的度向量,讨论了它与图半群的关系。     

二部图半群和完全二部图半群

讨论了二部图半群和完全二部图半群的一些性质,探讨了二部图半群与二部图、完全二部图半群与完全二部图的关系,给出了二部图半群的圈特征。     

n—图半群

引入了 n-图半群和它的顶点的度的概念,建立了2-图半群、图半群、简单图以及图代数的联系.给出了图半群的 H (?)、独立集和团的概念以及它们存在的一些条件.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。