计算全马赫数流场的温度和压力基本变量方法

对一种以温度和压力为基本变量的全马赫数流计算方法进行探讨,该方法能够求解完全可压缩流,也适用于密度改变量微小的弱可压缩流.给出该方法的一维模型方程建立和离散求解过程,并对完全可压缩流的典型算例——一维Sod激波管问题和马赫3问题进行计算,对弱可压流也给出封闭方腔中微弱加热引起的热对流问题的二维计算结果和三维问题中的强光通道中密度微变结果.计算结果表明,该方法能够较好地统一处理完全可压流和弱可压流.     

同位网格有限体积法在变密度浆液流场计算中的应用

为研究自膨胀浆液的扩散机理,基于现代计算流体动力学理论,建立了一种变密度浆液二维流场计算方法.该方法采用结构化同位网格剖分计算区域,利用有限体积法离散浆液流动控制方程,借助动量插值技术构建压力修正方程;采用压力耦合方程组的半隐式算法(SIMPLE)迭代求解动量离散方程和压力、速度修正方程.通过变密度浆液在二维矩形狭槽中自由膨胀算例对该算法进行检验.结果表明,该方法求解正确,并具有较高的计算精度,为建立膨胀性高聚物注浆材料在二维裂隙中流动扩散仿真分析方法奠定了基础.     

铸造充型过程模拟新技术研究

铸造充型过程数值模拟计算中,速度场和压力场的求解非常重要．通常求解粘性不可压流体的基本方程(动量方程及连续性方程)往往采用SOLA-VOF算法,但该方法计算精度和速度并不是很好．本提出了一种新的计算方法——三维近似盒迭代法(ABX),该方法采用混和差分格式离散方程．实践证明,该方法可以准确而迅速地求解N-S方程．     

铸造充型过程模拟新技术研究

铸造充型过程数值模拟计算中,速度场和压力场的求解非常重要.通常求解粘性不可压流体的基本方程(动量方程及连续性方程)往往采用SOLA-VOF算法,但该方法计算精度和速度并不是很好.本文提出了一种新的计算方法--三维近似盒迭代法(ABX),该方法采用混和差分格式离散方程.实践证明,该方法可以准确而迅速地求解N-S方程.     

求解不可压三维湍流的隐式SMAC方法

该文基于SM AC(s im p lified m arker and ce ll)方法,发展了一种在任意曲线坐标系中求解三维粘性不可压湍流R eyno lds时均方程的全隐式数值方法。基本方程是以逆变速度为变量的R eyno lds时均动量方程和椭圆型压力Po isson方程,并采用标准k-ε湍流模型封闭方程组。压力Po isson方程用T schebyscheff SLOR方法交替方向迭代求解。R eyno lds时均动量方程、k方程和ε方程对流项均采用Chakravarthy-O sher TVD格式离散,该格式不但有助于提高数值稳定性,而且能有效消除网格扭曲较大的地方产生的非物理振荡误差。用自编程序对后台阶方腔流场进行了计算,计算结果和实验结果吻合较好。     

宽浅型明渠非定常流的数值模拟

本文根据不可压缩三维非定常流的动量方程和连续方程,求解了宽浅型明渠中三维流速分布和水位随时间的变化规律.采用单方程湍流模式确定涡粘性系数,沿垂向引入无尺度坐标,使计算网格能拟合自由面及床面.对控制方程采用有限差分离散、剖开算子法求解.通过引用欠松驰技术,提高了计算稳定性.计算表明,本文中提出的计算方法具有时间步长大、存储量小和机时省的优点.最后,用其求解长江口南港河段的潮流运动,计算结果与现场实测结果十分一致.     

三维塑封充模过程数值模拟方法

针对塑封充模过程,提出了三维塑封充模过程模拟的稳定性数值计算方法.该方法采用N S方程联合树脂固化反应方程描述三维塑封充模过程,并采用FAN(Flow Analysis Network)方法跟踪流前.为了避免方程求解过程中产生的数值振荡,对动量方程采用GLS(Galerkin Least Square)计算格式,对能量方程采用GLS\\GGLS(Gradient Galerkin Least Square)相结合的计算格式,对反应方程采用SUPG(Streamline Upwind Petrov Galerkin)计算格式.实验证明,该方法具有较好的稳定性和较高的数值精度.     

大密度比两流体系统计算的一种改进模式

对动量方程进行了一些变换,把密度方程和动量方程统一为一个积分方程,提出了一种新的处理大密度比两流体系统的方法.数值模拟结果表明,该方法可有效地避免两方程的耦合问题以及单独求解密度方程带来的一些不合理现象,可用于含大密度比的两流体问题的数值模拟和分析.     

航槽三维流动的数学模型

提出了一种模拟航槽内三维流动的数学模型．该模型将压力分解为动水压力与静水压力之和,由控制体积法导出三维偏微分方程的离散格式,采用Ｐａｔａｎｋａｒ和Ｓｐａｌｄｉｎｇ提出的压力校正法求解动水压力场,然后求解水位控制方程,用最新求出的水位替代压力校正法中的水位,如此循环迭代直至收敛．该模型无须采用“静水压力假定”和“刚盖假定”,能够模拟不可压缩流体含自由表面流动问题．利用该模型计算得到的挖槽内流速分布与水槽试验值吻合．此外,还计算了相当于天然情况各种水深、各种挖深比、各种挖槽底宽下挖槽内的流场．     

GAMMA格式及DATE方法在SIMPLE算法中的应用

为了提高N-S方程数值计算的精度并解决压力-速度的耦合问题,将GAMMA格式、DATE方法与SIMPLE算法相结合,得到了一种高精度非结构同位网格下的SIMPLE算法.该算法用GAMMA格式离散对流项,用DATE方法处理方程求解过程中压力-速度的耦合问题,可以弥补传统动量插值法不能处理强非线性压力场的不足,保证对流项离散的稳定性及高精度特性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the