一种基于智能卡的可分电子现金系统

设计了一种加入智能卡的基于可信第三方的可分电子现金系统,通过离线的可信第三方实现电子现金的可分性、不可伪造性、交易的公平性和可撤销匿名性;通过加入Smart卡,提前防止了电子现金的超额花费和重复花费。在每次支付时只需支付一个电子现金,提高了支付效率。方案的安全性基于Schonorr签名,离散对数的难解性以及单向Hash函数的存在性。     

基于椭圆曲线的移动电子支付协议

利用椭圆曲线密码体制同安全级别下具有更短密钥的优势,通过改进用户对银行发送过来的挑战的盲变换形式,提出了一种安全、高效的移动电子支付协议.同时为了有效控制银行电子现金支付信息数据库的规模,提出了在电子现金中嵌入有效使用期和用户、商家转存电子现金的最长使用时间.此外,设计时将面额信息嵌入至电子现金中,从而达到使用一套系统参数和银行公私钥对即可签发多种面额电子现金的效果.分析表明该协议具有较少的计算量和较高的在线处理效率,可抵抗多种伪造攻击,有效保护用户的消费隐私,且银行和商家数据库大小可以控制,大大缩短转账响应时间.     

基于椭圆曲线的联合签名及其在电子现金中的应用

提出了一种高效的基于椭圆曲线密码体制的联合签名方案．在给出该方案的核心步骤后,研究在基于智能卡的电子交易环境中,基于椭圆曲线的联合签名协议的具体设计,并分析了该协议的安全性、高效性等优点．最后将提出的方案应用于结合智能卡的电子现金交易协议中．     

可任意花费的可传递电子现金系统

针对现有的可传递电子现金系统在传递协议中传递花费顺序固定以及传递次数受限制的问题,利用Groth-Sahai证明系统、对承诺的承诺和Ghadafi群盲签名,在标准模型下构建一个具有最优匿名性的可任意花费的等长可传递电子现金系统,该系统中电子现金的花费不受任何花费顺序限制,传递次数是任意次.基于对承诺的承诺,可以对所传递的序列号进行压缩,从而保证用户传递电子现金的长度是常量;基于Ghadafi群盲签名,实现了电子现金花费用户的任意性;在标准模型下,证明了新系统的安全属性,该系统具有不可伪造性、最优匿名性、不可重复花费性和不可诬陷性.      

一种改进的离线电子现金方案

在分析Brands的受限盲签名方案的基础上提出了一个改进的电子现金支付新方案，基于此构建了一个不带“观察器”的简约高效电子现金方案，详细描述了离线电子现金支付方案作提取、支付和存储三个协议．分析了新方案的效率和安全性，与Brands的电子现金协议相比，在不降低安全他的前提下提高了处理效率、增加了灵活性，尤其适用于因持网上的小额支付．     

电子现金系统及其安全性研究

通过对电子现金系统及其特点的介绍，对20年来电子现金系统的发展及其安全性进行了概要论述，并以一个公正的离线电子现金系统为例，深入探讨了电子现金系统的特点及其安全性，最后提出电子现金系统在实用化方面面临的需要解决的几个问题．     

公平的无连接可分电子现金方案

基于二叉树、比特承诺、零知识证明等技术提出了一种具有完全无连接性,无需可信第三方参与的、公平的可分电子现金方案。方案的开户协议和取款协议复杂度均为O（N＋K）,用户花费任意一个节点的电子现金时间复杂度为O（poly（K）·polylog（N））,存款协议的时间复杂度与支付协议相同。方案的安全性基于强RSA问题假设、计算离散对数困难问题假设和单向哈希函数的存在性假设。     

电子商务中电子现金系统研究

电子商务的飞速发展促进了对电子支付方式的研究,而电子现金是一种安全的匿名的低成本的支付方式,具有其它电子支付手段无可比拟的优越性,因而其发展潜力不容忽视.本文分析了电子现金系统的特点,介绍了几种实用的电子现金系统,并针对当前电子现金系统中存在的问题提出对策,最后展望了电子现金的发展方向.     

一种分析电子现金协议的工具

引入顺序图描述安全协议,提出实体框架模型分析电子现金协议.通过实体框架,可以确定协议各参与者以及敌手的能力,明确匿名性等安全特性的语义含义,清晰地对电子现金这种复杂协议进行形式化分析.     

基于代理签名的多银行电子现金系统

为了实现安全的电子支付，基于代理签名方案和Brands电子现金系统，设计了一种新的多银行电子现金系统．通过分析表明，由于引入了代理签名方案，新方案可以方便地取消发币银行的发币能力，克服了现有的基于群签名的多银行电子现金系统的群成员撤销困难、群成员合伙攻击等问题，是一个安全的电子现金系统．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the