原位合成TiB和Nd2O3增强钛基复合材料

为了得到一种新型、廉价的钛基复合材料，通过钛与B2O3，稀土Nd之间的化学反应，经非自耗电弧熔炼工艺原位合成了TiB和Nd2O3增强的钛基复合材料。利用X射线衍射、光学金相、电子探针和透射电镜分析了合成复合材料的物相、增强体的形态和显微组织。结果表明，复合材料的增强体为TiB和Nd2O3；生成的TiB晶须分布均匀；Nd2O3的形貌随添加Nd的含量的改变，从针状转变为球状和树枝状晶。增强体TiB、Nd2O3和钛基体界面干净，没有明显的反应生成物存在。     

放电等离子烧结合成TiC/TiB_2颗粒增强的超细晶钛基复合材料

采用放电等离子烧结技术结合非晶晶化法制备了不同体积分数的TiC/TiB2颗粒增强的超细晶钛基复合材料.运用X射线衍射分析、扫描电子显微镜和万能材料试验机等实验手段,对合成的超细晶钛基复合材料进行测试分析.结果表明：随着外加TiC/TiB2颗粒的增加,钛基复合材料试样的致密度逐渐降低.TiC颗粒与基体不发生反应,而TiB2颗粒的加入改变了TiB2颗粒与基体界面的组织形貌,但对远离界面处的基体组织形貌没有影响,其组织均由-Ti（Nb）相和（Cu,Ni）-Ti2相组成,且-Ti（Nb）相连续分布.同时,TiC颗粒的增强效果优于TiB2颗粒,35vol.%（体积分数）TiC颗粒增强的复合材料试样的断裂强度最高,达2209MPa.     

原位合成TiC／Ti复合材料的微结构和力学性能

利用钛与碳之间的反应,经非自耗电弧溶炼工艺,简洁,低成本地制备了TiC增强的钛基复合材料,借助光学金相为微镜和透射电镜分析了复合材料的微结构,测定了原位合成钛基复合材料的力学性能和硬度值,结果表明,原位合成增强体TiC均匀地分布在基体钛合金中,增强体主要呈树枝晶状和等轴,近似等轴状,由于增强体TiC与基体合金的热膨胀系数存在较大的差异,在基体钛合金中形成同密度的位错,增强体与基体界面洁净,没有任何界面反应,复合材料的力学性能和硬度与基体钛合金比较有了明显的提高,铝元素的加入,不仅固溶强化了基体钛合金,同时使增强体更为细小,也有利于提高复合材料的性能。     

原位合成TiB/Ti复合材料的微观结构及力学性能

利用钛与硼之间的自蔓延高温合成反应经普通的熔铸工艺原位合成制备了TiB增强的钛基复合材料.通过XRD、SEM、TEM和HREM等分析方法测试了合成材料的物相及微观结构.结果表明原位合成的增强体为TiB,合金化元素铝的加入并不导致新相形成,增强体均匀地分布在基体合金上.由于TiB的B27结构导致TiB易于沿[010]方向生长而长成短纤维状.增强体与基体合金界面非常洁净,没有任何界面反应.由于原位合成增强体的加入,复合材料的力学性能与基体合金比较有了明显的提高.     

TiC对原位自生钛基复合材料高温变形的影响

通过等温热压模拟试验研究了原位自生5% TiC(体积分数,下同)颗粒增强Ti-1100复合材料在1000~1150℃的热变形行为.在不同的温度区间内计算了原位自生5%TiC/Ti-1100复合材料的塑性变形激活能.结果发现,TiC颗粒对钛基材料的热变形行为有明显影响.复合材料的塑性变形激活能在不同的温度区间内变化.在1000℃,复合材料的表观塑性变形激活能为536 kJ/mol,显著高于纯钛合金的激活能;在1150℃,计算出的复合材料表观塑性变形激活能为245.2 kJ/mol,略大于纯钛合金的激活能.变形激活能的显著差别显示复合材料的变形机制发生了变化.在此温度区间内,TiC/Ti复合材料的变形机制受到TiC颗粒以及基体中α/β相比例的影响.     

(TiB_2+Al_2O_3)增强铝基复合材料的组织分析与硬度测试

将TiO2和B2O3原料混合后加入ZL102铝熔体,采用原位反应的方法,使其与铝液发生反应,制备出(TiB2+Al2O3)双相增强铝基复合材料.用EPMA及SEM分析反应合成的增强颗粒在基体上的分布状态以及TiB2和Al2O3颗粒的微观组织,用显微硬度仪测定复合材料组成相的显微硬度.结果表明,利用Al-TiO2-B2O3体系可以原位制备颗粒增强的铝基复合材料,合成的复合材料硬度比ZL102提高37.3%.     

原位生成TiC/Al基复合材料的制备

采用原位法（ＸＤ法）成功地制备了ＴｉＣ／Ａｌ基复合材料,并通过ｘ－射线衍射仪及显微镜研究了自生增强体ＴｉＣ颗粒在α－Ａｌ基体中的浸润情况。结果表明：原位生成ＴｉＣ／Ａｌ基复合材料中自生增强体ＴｉＣ在基体中浸润良好,加入Ｍｇ后可使ＴｉＣ颗粒溶入的数目增多,且使其弥散细小均布于α－Ａｌ基体中（ＴｉＣ颗粒直径为（０．１～１０．０）μｍ）,晶界上无明显的偏聚。     

原位合成增强体TiB层错的透射电镜分析

利用透射电镜和高分辨率透射电镜研究了原位合成钛基复合材料增强体TiB的堆垛层错结构。结果表明，堆垛层错容易在TiB的（100）面上形成，平行于TiB的生长方向[010]，并贯穿整个增强体。堆垛层错在TiB形核与长大的过程中形成，并且与增强体TiB的B27晶体结构有关。由于TiB的B27结构，在（100）面上容易形成B原子的不足而导致原子错排，并且在（100）面上形成堆垛层错有利于减少增强体与基体合金间的晶格畸变。     

增强体TiB和TiC在Ti中的原位生成

分析了增强体ＴｉＢ和ＴｉＣ在Ｔｉ中的原位生成原理,研究了利用Ｂ４Ｃ粉末与海绵Ｔｉ混合熔炼制备钛基复合材料的技术．结果表明,ＴｉＢ和ＴｉＣ以纤维状或树枝状的形式在Ｔｉ中生长,且分布均匀．     

TiB2含量对原位自生TiB2/2219铝基复合材料组织与性能的影响

利用混合盐高温反应法制备了原位自生TiB2/2219铝基复合材料铸锭. 通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线等显微组织表征方法以及弹性模量、室温拉伸和室温摆锤冲击实验等测试手段,研究了TiB2含量对原位自生TiB2/2219铝基复合材料组织和性能的影响. 研究表明,当TiB2质量分数由0提高到5%时,TiB2颗粒尺寸和TiB2/2219铝基复合材料铸锭的平均晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,固溶时效态的TiB2/2219铝基复合材料板材的弹性模量和强度显著上升,但延伸率和冲击韧性下降. 当质量分数为5%时,TiB2/2219铝基复合材料板材的弹性模量、抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别达到88.7 GPa、（474.2±2） MPa、（400.6±1） MPa和（4.7±0.1）%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with