Drug modification of silver-induced sodium transport across toad skin

Summary Stimulation of active Na⁺ transport in the toad skin by antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and p-chloromecuribenzoate (P-CMB) was blunted by the presence of silver (Ag⁺). Amiloride inhibited active Na⁺ transport, equivalently, whether Ag⁺ was present or not.This work was supported by the Nephrology Training grant from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases (1-TO1-AM-05697-02 and –03) and by Whitehall Foundation grant No. 78-156 ck-1 DSR.     

Potentiation by crude kallikrein of the myotropic effect of angiotensin I in the isolated rabbit aortic strip

Summary Crude kallikrein (Padutin^®), but not pure kallikrein, when preincubated with angiotensin I caused a potentiation of the myotropic effect of decapeptide on the isolated continuously superfused rabbit aortic strip. Addition of converting enzyme inhibitor, SQ 20881, to the medium inhibited this potentiation. The potentiation by crude kallikrein of the myotropic effect of angiotensin I is probably due to the conversion of decapeptide to octapeptide angiotensin II. This study indicates that Padutin is not a pure kallikrein preparation and probably contains a kininase fraction which causes the conversion of angiotensin I.The authors are greatful to Prof. G. L. Haberland, Bayer AG, Elberfeld (BRD), for his generous gift of pure Kallikrein^® KZC 1/75; to Bayer, Leverkusen (BRD), for Padutin^® and to Squibb, New Jersey, USA, for SQ 20881. This work is supported in part by Eczacibai Research Foundation, Levent, Istanbul, Turkey. The technical assistance of Mr. M. Kabaçam is greatly appreciated.     

Action,in vitro et in vivo,de l'angiotensine II sur le captage cardiaque de la noradrénaline

Summary The action of angiotensin II on cardiac uptake of norepinephrine was investigated in the rat in vivo and in vitro. In contrast to desipramine, neither infusion of subpressive (10 ng/kg/min) or pressive (50–150 ng/kg/min) amounts of angiotensin on intact and/or binephrectomized rats, nor incubation of cardiac slices with angiotensin II (10^–5; 10^–9 M) impair the accumulation of tritiated norepinephrine and the level of metabolites. It is thus concluded that there is no inhibiting action of angiotensin II on the cardiac uptake of norepinephrine.     

Some physicochemical properties of anticatalase

Zusammenfassung Antikatalase isoliert aus dem Katalase-Antikatalase-Präzipitin nach Denaturierung, hat einen S ₂₀ ^o ,w-Wert von 6,9, ein Molekulargewicht von 177 600 (Archibald-Verfahren), ein E _lem ^1% (280 mµ, pH 5,7) von 15,2 und Alanin als freie endständige NH₂-Gruppe. Diese Merkmale, wie auch der Aminosäure-Gehalt der Antikatalase, sind mit den generellen Antikörpern des Kaninchens vergleichbar.

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This investigation was supported in part by a research grant, E-1953, from the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, and an equipment grant from the Charles F. Kettering Foundation.     

Application of the indigogenic principle for the histochemical demonstration of ribonuclease

Zusammenfassung Es wurde ein neues Indolsubstrat für die histochemische Demonstration von alkalischer RNase II und saurer RNase II synthetisiert. Dieses Verfahren ist besser, schneller und präziser als die bisherigen Kupplungstechniken.

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This investigation was supported in part by Public Health Service Research Grants No. CA-02624 and CA-02903 from the National Cancer Institute and in part by an institutional grant to the Detroit Institute of Cancer Research from the United Foundation of Greater Detroit allocated through the Michigan Cancer Foundation and Detroit General Hospital Research Corporation, Newaygo County Cancer Society. We thank MissPat Warzocha for secretarial assistance.     

Quercetin enhances water transport in toad bladder

Summary A highly significant enhancement of the hydrosomotic actions both of vasopressin and of exogenous cAMP was seen in the presence of quercetin. The hypothesis is advanced that quercetin affects the intracellular coupling between Ca⁺⁺ and cAMP.This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, grant No. 3.043-0.76.     

Effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on motility of sea urchin spermatozoa

Summary Swimming speed of sea urchin spermatozoa, measured by a light scattering technique, did not change with 0-20 mM Ca²⁺ in the medium. The speed was maximum at the normal concentration of Mg²⁺ (49 mM) in sea water.Supported by grants-in-aid from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan, and a grant from the Ford Foundation.     

Stimulation of sodium transport by antidiuretic hormone in bullfrog intestine

Summary Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increased the potential difference (PD) and shortcircuit current (SCC) across the small intestine of the bullfrog. This effect was independent of those produced by amiloride or high calcium but was masked by a theophylline-induced effect. Net active sodium (Na⁺) absorption accounted for the observed electrical changes.This work was supported by Whitehall Foundation, grant No. 78 156 ck-1 DSR No.     

Development of a new tachykinin antagonist

Summary The mouse urinary bladder possesses a tachykinin receptor which responds to kassinin and eledoisin, but not to some other tachykinins. The action of kassinin, but not that of eledoisin, was blocked in a surmountable manner by a new tachykinin antagonist, D-Pro⁴, Val⁸, D-Trp^7,9,10 (SP)^4–11.Acknowledgments. We thank Mrs Danielle Solomos for technical help. This study was financed by a grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation (3.800-80.2).     

Interaction of polyamines or their precursors with the calcium-controlled secretion of peroxidase by sugarbeet cells

Summary Three polyamines tested (cadaverine, spermidine and spermine) and their 2 precursors (the amino acids arginine and ornithine) inhibit the Ca²⁺-mediated secretion of peroxidases by sugarbeet cells in suspension culture at concentrations ranging from 10^–15 to 10^–5M. In the absence of exogenous Ca²⁺, spermine added at higher concentrations mimics the activatory effect of Ca²⁺, the other polyamines being without effect.Supported by the Belgian FRFC (grant No. 2.9009.75 to T.G.) and the Swiss National Foundation for Scientific Research (grant No. 3.140-0.81 to C.P. and H.G.).     

Autoradiographic localization of3H-angiotensin II in rat adrenal glands

Summary Autoradiographic studies of rat adrenal gland approximately 1 min after intra-aortic injection of³H-angiotensin II show that radioactivity concentrates in the zona glomerulosa. This concentration is reduced by concomitant administration of excess unlabelled angiotensin II.     

Inhibition of neurotensin (NT)-induced glucagon release by [D-Trp11]-NT1

Summary A synthetic analog of neurotensin (NT), [D-Trp¹¹]-NT, antagonized NT-induced hyperglucagonemia and hyperglycemia, and also NT-induced glucagon release from pancreatic islets in rats.This work was supported in part by a grant from the Imanaga Medical Research Foundation, Nagoya, Japan. Address for reprint requests: M.U., Department of Surgery, National Nagoya Railway Hospital, Taiko 1-chome, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya 453, Japan.     

Oxygen equilibrium of human myoglobins (Mb I and Mb II)

Riassunto Dalla mioglobina umana cristallizzata sono stati isolati, a mezzo dell'elettroforesi su gel di amido, due componenti puri ed omogenei: Mb I e Mb II. Dei due componenti sono state determinate, in varie condizioni sperimentali, le curve di dissociazione per l'ossigeno.

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Aided by a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation.     

Insect tissues,not microorganisms,produce linoleic acid in the house cricket and the American cockroach

Summary Biosynthesis of linoleic acid, 182(n–6), was unambiguously demonstrated to occur in the cockroach,Periplaneta americana, and the cricket,Acheta domesticus. Axenic tissue from both of these insect species was demonstrated by radio-gas-liquid chromatography (radio-GLC) and radio-high-performance liquid chromatography (radio-HPLC) to incorporate [1-¹⁴C]acetate and [1-¹⁴C]oleate into this essential fatty acid.This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant DCB-8914417. We would like to thank Coby Schal for his generous gift of American cockroaches and Tania Kellermeyer for her excellent technical assistance.     

Inhibition of transplanted mouse tumors by heterologous transfer RNA

Summary Injections of yeast tRNA to C57BL mice decreased takes and inhibited growth of syngeneic transplanted tumors. Mice remaining free of tumors as result of this treatment failed to develop tumors after challenge with 5×10⁴ cells of the same tumor.This work was supported in part by a grant from the Stanley Johnson Foundation, Berne, Switzerland.     

Interaction between fluorescent-labeled ACTH1–24 isolated fat cells,and serum albumin

Summary Part or all of the difference in the ability of ACTH_1–24 and a fluorescent-labeled ACTH_1–24 to activate lipolysis in fat cells can be accounted for by label-related binding to albumin present in the assay medium.Acknowledgments. We thank L. Hinman, B. Huber-Preston and C. Schatzmann for technical assistance, Drs P. Schiller and W. Rittel for the ACTH samples, and Dr T. Binkert for helpful discussion. This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (grant No. 18016) and by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant No. 3589. 71).     

Renal pressor activity and kidney weight responding to angiotensin in hypertensive rats

Zusammenfassung Angiotensin erniedrigte nur bei ischaemischen Nieren die Reninproduktion und erhöhte parallel dazu das Nierengewicht. Die Angiotensinwirkung ist somit abhängig von der Stoffwechsellage der Niere.

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We are indebted to CIBA, Basel (Switzerland) for their generous supply of synthetic angiotensin II.

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Supported in part by research grant from Japanese Ministry of Education.     

Effects of Ag+ on frog skin: Interactions with oxytocin,amiloride and ouabain

Summary Different biological effects of Ag⁺ (10^–4 M) were found depending on its presence in the outer or the inner solution bathing the frog skin. A marked increase in the electrical conductance and an interference with the action of oxytocin and amiloride were found only when Ag⁺ was added to the outer solution. Results suggest that Ag⁺ affects several transport processes, in particular the permeability of the Na entry pathways.This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, grant No. 1.300.73. We thank Mrs A. Cergneux for skilful secretarial assistance.     

Differential scanning calorimetry of chromaffin granule membranes

Summary Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms of native chromaffin granule membranes exhibit several peaks in the 15–35°C region. Extraction of cholesterol increases the size of the melting peaks. Addition of Ca²⁺ ions does not seem to influence the lipid transitions.This research was supported in part by a grant from the United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF), Jerusalem, Israel. A.S. acknowledges partial support for this research from a National Science Foundation Grant PCM 04079, and from National Institutes of Health grants CA 08748 ans CA 18759.     

Helminthosporoside,a host-specific toxin fromHelminthosporium sacchari: A structure revision and a new partial structure

Summary Reevaluation of the previously proposed structure of helminthosporoside, a host-specific toxin fromHelminthosporium sacchari, reveals a sesquiterpenoid bis-digalactoside. The carbohydrate portion of the toxin was characterized by¹³C-NMR spectroscopy, methylation analyses, FD and FAB mass spectroscopy. The ring size and anomeric configuration of the galactose moieties were determined by utilizing a¹³C-NMR structural analysis method. A new partial structure is proposed.Acknowledgment. We extend special thanks to C.E. Costello, Department of Chemistry, M.I.T., Cambridge, MA, for FD mass spectral analyses, and to C.E. Ballou, Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, for FAB mass spectral analyses. We submit sincere appreciation to both V.N. Reihold, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, and P. Albersheim, Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, for methylation analyses. We thank J.S. Frye at the Colorado State University Regional NMR-Center, funded by National Science Foundation grant No. DHE 78-18581, Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Co, for high resolution CMR and NMR, and we are grateful to P.W. Jennings, Department of Chemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Mt, for total carbon analyses. This work was supported in part by a Herman Frasch Foundation grant to G.A. Strobel, by NSF grant PCM-78-22517, and funds from the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station. B.P. Mundy acknowledges the partial support of NSF (ISP-801149).