初始组织形态对中碳钢温变形组织演变的影响

中碳钢温变形过程的组织演变包含铁素体动态回复、再结晶和渗碳体的析出球化等过程.采用Gleeble1500热模拟试验机研究了初始组织形态对含碳0.48%(质量分数)的中碳钢在温变形中上述复杂过程的影响.结果表明:初始组织为珠光体 先共析铁素体的试样在温加工变形中渗碳体层片发生了扭折、溶断到逐渐球化的过程,在铁素体回复再结晶的同时伴随着细小弥散的渗碳体颗粒从过饱和铁素体中析出,得到微米级铁素体晶粒和颗粒状渗碳体弥散分布的复相组织,但等轴状铁素体晶粒与弥散的渗碳体颗粒沿变形方向呈带状不均匀分布.温加工变形促进初始组织为马氏体的中碳钢中渗碳体析出和铁素体回复与再结晶.由于初始条件下碳的分布在微观尺度下相对均匀,变形后获得细小等轴铁素体与均匀分布颗粒状渗碳体的组织.     

形变对板条马氏体回火组织的影响

对Q235级低碳钢板条马氏体在550 ℃多道次单向压缩变形后退火和室温大塑性变形轧制后在此温度退火的显微组织演变规律进行了对比研究,结合未变形板条马氏体在此温度的回火组织演变,讨论了变形对马氏体分解过程、铁素体再结晶晶粒尺寸和析出碳化物形貌的影响. 实验结果表明,变形显著影响马氏体分解过程,促进渗碳体的析出和铁素体回复及再结晶. 热变形组织铁素体再结晶晶粒尺寸在0.5 μm左右;渗碳体形貌从细棒状向球状转变,随变形量增大渗碳体尺寸增大,继续保温60 min导致铁素体晶粒长大到1 μm左右,晶粒内部的渗碳体消失,原先在铁素体晶界析出的渗碳体球化、粗化. 冷轧试样在550 ℃退火保温时间在30 min内得到0.3～0.4 μm超细晶粒和尺度小于150 nm的弥散渗碳体颗粒组织;随退火保温时间延长到60 min,铁素体再结晶晶粒长大到1.9 μm,渗碳体颗粒尺寸约160 nm.     

冷轧退火对共析珠光体钢组织球化超细化的影响

研究了冷轧变形并结合退火处理对共析钢组织球化超细化与性能的影响.结果表明:共析钢经冷轧形变量90%结合600～700 ℃退火得到了晶粒尺寸为亚微米级铁素体晶粒和颗粒状渗碳体的双相组织.颗粒状渗碳体的尺寸呈双峰分布.与传统球化处理工艺相比,球化时间明显缩短,球化组织细小;其原因是在冷变形过程中产生了高密度位错以及大量空位等缺陷,为碳原子的扩散提供了高速率扩散通道,促进了碳原子的扩散.细小渗碳体粒子在铁素体基体上的弥散分布可以用溶解-再析出机制来解释.冷轧后经700 ℃退火试样的拉伸塑性略有下降,屈服强度和抗拉强度大幅度提高,但屈强比较高.     

温变形对碳钢组织细化的作用

研究了中温预变形对亚、过共析钢组织的影响。结果表明,对于亚共析钢,在中温区变形、保温后可使先共析铁素体和珠光体组织大大细化,显著改善钢中铁素体和珠光体的分布状况;对于（ 过） 共析钢,中温区预变形则可大大缩短钢的球化时间,改善球化效果,细化组织,特别是对消除钢中的网状组织具有明显的效果。     

GCr15钢温变形对球化退火的影响

研究了 GCr15 钢的温变形对球化退火的影响。结果表明:珠光体温变形显著加快了碳化物球化过程。随变形量、变形速度的增加及变形温度的降低,球化速度增加,变形量是影响球化速度最显著的参数。珠光体的温变形促进了在790℃加热、保温过程中渗碳体的溶解和未溶渗碳体粒子的圆整过程。还对温变形试样快速球化退火工艺进行了试验。     

中碳钢温变形的力学特性

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟实验机对中碳钢铁素体+珠光体组织进行温变形压缩试验,研究其在不同变形温度(500～700 ℃)和应变率(0.001～10 s-1)条件下的流变行为及其主导机制. 研究结果表明:温变形过程先从铁素体变形开始,而后珠光体开始变形,渗碳体片层结构被破坏;铁素体晶粒细化至1～2 μm;珠光体片层被破坏使流变应力形成峰值;温变形流变应力曲线特征具有显著差异性,对工件塑性成形、工模具载荷分布及变形产生重要影响.      

铌对中碳Si-Mn系弹簧钢珠光体相变行为的影响

采用热模拟实验方法研究了铌对Si--Mn系弹簧钢相变特征的影响,分析了NbC的形变诱导析出行为.结果表明:弹簧钢中添加微量铌,推迟了珠光体转变,马氏体转变的最小冷却速率由5℃.s-1变为3℃.s-1;细化了珠光体,改变了珠光体组织形貌,渗碳体片层变薄、形状变得不规则,出现弯曲、断续;含铌弹簧钢在850℃变形时发生了NbC的形变诱导析出,NbC的析出位置为珠光体中的铁素体片层内、珠光体球团边界和位错处,析出物颗粒直径为10～15nm,形状近似球形.     

T10A钢锻造后的预处理工艺

本文主要介绍了T10A钢锻造以后的预先热处理工艺方法.结果表明,通过提高锻造以后的冷却速度,可以有效的细化珠光体基体组织,抑制网状二次渗碳体的析出,有效的细化渗碳体颗粒,同时,可适当降低球化退火时的加热温度,减少保温时间,降低生产成本,提高生产效率.     

不同工艺下Nb-Ti微合金钢组织演变和析出行为

利用Gleeble 3800热模拟实验机、透射电镜和纳米压痕仪器等研究了终冷温度和保温时间对Nb-Ti微合金钢组织、析出行为的影响规律.结果表明:随终冷温度的升高,铁素体晶粒尺寸增大,珠光体增多,贝氏体逐渐减少,维氏显微硬度随终冷温度先升高后降低,当终冷温度为640℃时,实验钢的维氏显微硬度最大;当终冷温度为640℃时,试样中存在排列规则的相间析出和弥散分布的随机析出两种析出形式.当保温时间为0s时,析出物以相间析出和弥散析出为主;当保温时间为100s时,析出物以弥散析出为主.随保温时间增加,实验钢的纳米硬度降低了140MPa.     

低碳钢中超细铁素体的长大倾向

在热模拟单向压缩条件下考察了四个不同C,Mn含量的低碳钢中通过形变强化相变产生的超细铁素体在模拟卷取温度下的长大倾向.结果表明,不同C,Mn含量的四种钢中的超细铁索体在～500℃的保温0～10min过程中都很稳定,没有明显的长大过程,也未明显观察到铁素体的静态再结晶.超细铁素体稳定的主要原因是由于稳定的第二组织(珠光体或渗碳体颗粒)的有效钉扎,它既阻止了铁素体的明显长大,也抑制其静态再结晶的充分进行.但不同C,Mn含量的四种钢中的第二组织有不同的演变规律,保温过程中形变奥氏体内形成离异珠光体并缓慢粗化.另外,利用背散射电子衍射取向成像技术还测定了08钢保温过程中的取向(差)变化.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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