贵州六枝煤矸石复垦土壤及农作物中汞分布规律研究

使用Lumex测汞仪,测定了贵州六枝煤矿不同风化年限的煤矸石风化土壤及农作物中总Hg含量,并对此矿区煤矸石风化土壤—农作物系统中汞的分布规律进行了研究.结果表明,煤矸石及受煤矸石淋滤液影响的土壤样中汞含量范围在0.045 -0.474 mg·kg-1之间;煤矸石汞含量随着风化年限的延长逐渐降低,风化时间较短的煤矸石及受...     

Genetic structure and diversity of Oryza sativa L. in Guizhou, China

Preserving many kinds of rice resources and rich variations, Guizhou Province is one of the districts with the highest genetic diversity of cultivated rice （Oryza sativa L.） in China. In the current research, genetic diversity and structure of 537 accessions of cultivated rice from Guizhou were studied using 36 microsetellite markers and 39 phenotypic characters. The results showed that the model-based genetic structure was the same as genetic-distance-based one using SSRs but somewhat different from the documented classification （mainly based on phenotype） of two subspecies. The accessions being classified into indica by phenotype but japonica by genetic structure were much more than that being classified into japonica by phenotype but indica by genetic structure. Like Ding Ying＇s taxonomic system of cultivated rice, the subspecific differentiation was the most distinct differentiation within cultivated rice. But the differentiation within indica or japonica population was different： japonica presented clearer differentiation between soil-watery ecotypes than indica, and indica presented clearer differentiation between seasonal ecotypes than japonica. Cultivated rices in Guizhou revealed high genetic diversity at both DNA and phenotypic levels. Possessing the highest genetic diversity and all the necessary conditions as a center of genetic diversity, region Southwestern of Guizhou was suggested as the center of genetic diversity of O. sativa L. from Guizhou.     

Mercury isotope variations in surface soils in different contaminated areas in Guizhou Province, China

Guizhou Province is known as a heavily Hg-polluted area in China due to its special geochemical background and complicated Hg emission sources.In this study,we investigated the Hg isotope compositions of surface soil samples in the Hg mining area,zinc smelting area,coal combustion area,which are known to be the typical pollution regions of Hg in this province.We also compared the Hg isotopic fingerprints of primary Hg sources,such as hydrothermal Hg-bearing ores,coals and atmospheric Hg samples.According to our study,Hg stored in surface soils in different pollution regions in Guizhou Province displays a wide range of both mass dependent fractionation(MDF,δ202Hg) and mass independent fractionation(MIF,△199Hg).δ 202 Hg varies by 2.0‰ and △199Hg varies by 0.25‰ in the investigated surface soils.This study demonstrated that using a "MDF-MIF" two dimensional Hg isotope system could be particularly useful in discriminating Hg sources in soils.     

贵州喀斯特生态脆弱区生态恢复响应

为了评估贵州喀斯特生态脆弱区生态恢复的生态经济效果,以喀斯特生态脆弱区的毕节鸭池、清镇红枫湖、关岭-贞丰花江为例,利用经济和生态足迹分析法对喀斯特地区生态经济恢复状况进行评价,旨在揭示生态恢复的响应机制,探讨喀斯特石漠化区经济可持续的生态恢复模式.研究结果表明,2005～2007年3个示范区土地利用、产业结构及其多样性...     

清镇朱家河污水处理厂CASS工艺设计

清镇朱家河污水处理厂是清镇市第一座城市二级污水处理厂，污水处理工艺采用了较先进的CASS工艺，现简述其工艺设计方法及参数取值。     

Mercury pollution in Rana Chensinensis in Weisha River reach, in the upstream region of Songhua River

Twice a year continuous samples of Rana Chensinensis and sediments have been collected near gold mine in the upstream region of Songhua River from 2000 to 2002, for analyzing the total mercury （THg）, methylmercury （MeHg） concentration and correlation in sediments, muscles, livers of the frog. The study indicates that THg and MeHg concentrations in polluted samples near the gold mine are higher than those in unpolluted ones. THg and MeHg con- centrations are higher in autumn, in female, and in livers than those in spring, in male, in muscles respectively. The order of concentration degree in the frog organizations is as follows： liver〉muscle〉ovum〉Fallopian tube. MeHg is the main form of mercury （Hg） existing in autumn, while inorganic Hg is in spring. There is no distinct difference of CMeHg/CTHg between male and female, livers and muscles. The correlation between MeHg concentrations in the river sediments and in the frog＇s livers and muscles are significant, which is related to disorderly discharge of Hg.     

Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus: A new proposed <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fijivirus</Emphasis> species in the family <Emphasis Type="Italic">Reoviridae</Emphasis>

For the past several years, a novel dwarf disease has been observed on rice （Oryza sativa） in some regions of Guangdong Province and Hainan Province, southern China. Infected plants showed stunting, dark leaf and small enations on stem and leaf back. Typical Fijivirus viroplasma containing crystalline arrayed spherical virons approximately 70--75 nm in diameter and tubular structures were detected in ultrathin sections by an electron microscope in parenchyma phloem cells of the infected plants. The virus was transmitted to rice seedlings by white-backed planthoppers, Sogatella furcifera （Hemiptera： Delphacidae）, collected in the diseased fields. Analysis of dsRNA extracts from infected plants revealed ten linear segments, which were similar to the electrophoretic profile of Rice black-streaked dwarf virus （RBSDV）. RT-PCR with a single primer which matched to a linker sequence ligated to both 3＇ ends of the viral genomic dsRNAs resulted in amplification of genome segments 9 （S9） and 10 （S10） cDNA products. The complete nucleotide sequences of S9 and S10 were obtained from clones of the RT-PCR amplicon exhibited characteristic properties of Fijivirus including low GC content （34.5% and 35.6%）, genus conserved 5＇ and 3＇ termini sequences and similar genome organization. Blast searches indicated that the sequences of S9 and S10 shared 68.8%--74.9% and 67.1% --77.4% nucleotide identities with those of viruses in the Fijivirus group 2, respectively. These values were similar to those among other viruses in the Fijivirus group 2 and considerably lower than those among RBSDV isolates. Phylogenetic trees based on S9 and S10 nucleotide sequences and their putative amino acid sequences showed that this virus represented a separate branch among other Fijiviruses. The virus was also detected by a nested RT-PCR assay in corn （Zea mays）, barnyard grass （Echinochloa crusgalll）, Juncellus serotinus and flaccidgrass （Pennisetum flaccidum） in and/or adjacent to the infected rice fields. I     

贵州万山汞矿汞污染生物健康效应

为了探讨贵州万山汞矿汞污染生物健康效应,研究了万山8个月龄鸭子和万山粮食暴露20、30d后大鼠脑、肝、血中MDA、SOD、GSH—px的变化以及大鼠大脑皮层中c-JUN蛋白表达．结果表明：在鸭血清、脑和肝组织中GSH—px和SOD活性与对照组相比均显著升高（P〈0．05）,而MDA含量没有发生显著变化（P〉0．05）;万山组大鼠脑、肝、血中MDA、SOD、GSH—px的变化除暴露20dMDA与对照组相比脑组织中含量显著升高（P〈0．05）外,其他均无显著变化（P〉0．05）;大鼠大脑皮层c—JUN蛋白表达显著增加．从而可以推断,硒对汞引起的氧化损伤有很强的保护能力;汞对大鼠脑f—JUN蛋白表达的诱导不是或仅小部分由脂质过氧化所介导．     

高原高寒露天煤矿区土壤重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价

高原高寒露天煤矿区周边土壤重金属的含量及污染状况,与生态环境修复治理方案的制定密切相关。以青海省木里露天煤矿区周边土壤为研究对象,采集矿坑周边土壤和矿坑外围未受人为扰动和污染的草甸土壤样品共计54个,分析各土壤中重金属的含量及分布特征,运用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、地质累积指数法及潜在生态风险指数法对矿坑周边土壤重金属的污染程度和潜在生态风险进行综合评价。研究结果表明,各矿坑周边土壤重金属含量与背景值差异并不明显,仅Zn、Cd、Pb、Cr和Hg的平均含量高于背景值。矿区土壤重金属单因子污染指数总体表现为P_Pb>P_Hg=P_Cr>P_Cd>P_Zn>P_Cu>P_Ni>P_As,在清洁安全范围内。内梅罗综合污染指数在0.55-2.52,平均值为1.39,属于轻度污染,局部处于清洁、警戒线和中度状态。所有重金属地质累积指数平均值均为负值,污染级别为0级。重金属单项潜在生态风险程度从高到低依次表现为Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Ni>Cr>Zn,综合潜在风险生态指数平均值为110.38,以轻微风险为主。矿区周边土壤中Cu与Cr、Pb、Cd、Zn,Cr与Zn、Cd、Pb、Ni,Zn与Cd之间相关性显著,在空间分布上相互依存,具有相对专一的来源。总体来看,除了局部有轻度污染的迹象,矿区周边土壤并未受到重金属污染,但是Hg和As对露天开采、矸石堆积等人类活动表现敏感,在后期生态环境监测与修复治理过程中应予以重点关注。     

贵州盘县晚二叠世煤的生烃潜力与生烃模式

用有机地球化学方法研究贵州中西部地区煤岩的生烃机理和生烃模式。石英小玻管热模拟实验和红外光谱对贵州盘县晚二叠世煤的分析表明, 盘县煤的干酪根类型为Ⅲ型, 主要成分是均质镜质体和丝质半丝质体, 主要生成物是短链烃, 显著生烃的起始温度约为300 ～350 ℃。     

On emplacement ages of lamproites in Zhenyuan County, Guizhou Province, China

Emplacement ages of lamproites that comprise lamproite and olivine lamproite in Zhenyuan County, Guizhou Province, China, have been constrained by the whole-rock Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr isochron methods and the whole rock K-Ar method. Intrusive activities of lamproites in the Sinantang area of Zhenyuan County, Guizhou Province, took place during the Late Cambrian, as indicated by the Sm-Nd isochron ages ( t ) = (503 ± 17) (2σ) Ma and by the Rb-Sr isochron ages ( t ) = (501.2 ± 4.6) (2σ) Ma. Intrusive activities of olivine lamproites at the Maping with Ⅱ-type diamond and Xitou in Zhenyuan County, Guizhou Province, took place from the Late Cambrian to the Early Ordovician, as evidenced by the Sm-Nd isochron ages ( t ) = (502 ± 27) (2σ) Ma and by the Rb-Sr isochron age ( t ) = (502 ± 27) (2σ) Ma. This suggests that the upwelling hot materials derived from the deep mantle were emplaced from the Late Cambrian to the Early Ordovician (503-497 Ma), while the time terminal of cooling of the geothermal event of magmatism-tectonism probably was at 442.64-435.54 Ma, as dated by the whole rock K-Ar method.     

红枫湖、百花湖重要点源排污现状调查

对红枫湖、百花湖重要点源排污情况作了现状调查。调查结果表明:红枫湖重要企业污染源为天丰公司、安顺化肥厂、贵州化肥厂、清镇发电厂,并且天丰公司渣场的磷石膏是潜在的重要污染源;百花湖重要企业污染源为贵州水晶集团、贵阳煤气气源厂。     

基于FLUENT软件对水城矿区某煤矿钻孔抽采参数的优化研究

瓦斯抽采钻孔参数的改进和优化是提高瓦斯抽放效率、进行瓦斯防治比较重要的一个环节。本文以贵州省水城矿区某煤矿为例,对钻孔直径、抽放负压两个钻孔抽采参数,采用FLUENT数值模拟软件进行了优化研究。最后提出优化的最优值,改善该煤矿的瓦斯抽采效果。本文的研究成果,对贵州其它煤矿进行瓦斯治理也提供了一个有益的参考。     

不同退化程度高寒草地土壤有机碳分布特征

在青海省三江源区选择了甘德县青珍乡高寒草甸和玛多县花石峡镇高寒草原典型样区,各划分5种不同退化程度样地(未退化、轻度退化、中度退化、重度退化和极度退化),分层采集0~10,10~20和20~30 cm不同深度土层样品,分析土壤有机碳含量。结果表明:研究区内高寒草地土壤表土有机碳含量及有机碳密度均随退化程度的加剧和土层的加深呈显著下降,各退化程度间均差异极显著(P0.01)。与原生植被相比,轻度退化、中度退化、重度退化和极度退化下0~30 cm土层有机碳含量在青珍样地分别平均降低了21.7%,38.8%,67.4%和79.6%,花石峡样地分别平均降低了19.4%,44.4%,67.0%和79.7%。表层土壤有机碳及有机碳密度在生态系统退化下变化剧烈,不同土层不同退化程度高寒草甸土壤有机碳含量及有机碳密度均高于高寒草原草地,估计退化下土壤有机碳密度平均下降了16 t/hm2,累积退化下表土有机碳损失可能在12 Pg以上。     

典型喀斯特区稻田土壤重金属Cd、Pb污染及膳食风险评价

为探究典型喀斯特粮食产区稻田土壤和稻谷重金属(Cd、Pb)的污染现状及膳食摄入风险,本研究选取黔中腹地贵州省息烽县作为研究区,采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合指数法和地累积指数法对该区53组稻田土壤样品的重金属(Cd、Pb)含量进行分析和评价,并利用危险商(HQ)法对研究区稻谷进行膳食摄入风险评价。结果表明：息烽县稻田土壤中重金属含量表现为Pb>Cd, Pb和Cd的平均含量分别为33.74 mg·kg^-1和0.42 mg·kg^-1,均低于国家农业土壤限制值;单因子污染指数(P_i)的平均值均小于1,说明多数样品点位处于无污染水平;内梅罗综合指数法评价结果显示,息烽县稻田土壤中存在中度重金属综合污染现象;地累积指数法结果显示,息烽县90%以上土壤属于无污染级别,稻田土壤中无显著的重金属累积迹象。稻田土壤和稻谷中Cd、Pb变异系数均处于强变异,稻田土壤中Cd、Pb呈显著正相关关系。膳食评价结果显示,稻谷中Cd、Pb的平均危险商值表现为Pb相似文献   

典型地区汞污染效应及其粮食诱导大鼠c-jun表达

为探讨典型汞污染地区汞的生态影响、汞污染对当地居民健康的影响和危害评价以及汞神经毒性分子机制,对我国贵州万山汞矿环境介质和食物链进行了调查,并应用万山和清镇两地实验田生产粮食对大鼠进行暴露,结果发现,该矿区水土环境介质样品及农作物、植物和动物体中的汞含量,多数都超过了国家标准及对照地区,有的超出幅度很大;实地粮食能够显著诱导大鼠脑即早基因c-jun mRNA表达;即早基因c-jun参与了汞污染粮食对中枢神经系统损害的毒性过程。     

贵州苦苣苔科植物4新记录种

本文报道了产自贵州省的苦苣苔科4个新记录植物,分别是南川金盏苣苔Oreocharis nanchuanica (K.Y. PanZ.Y. Liu) M. M?llerA. Weber、东川短檐苣苔O. mairei H. Lév.、长圆吊石苣苔Lysionotus oblongifolius W.T. Wang和卷瓣半蒴苣苔Hemiboea follicularis C.B. Clarke var. retroflexa Yan LiuY.S. Huang。这些植物新的地理分布对于贵州苦苣苔科植物区系和喀斯特地貌植被研究均有重要意义。     

浅析贵州矿山地震活动

本文仅对矿山活动与矿山地震，贵州矿山地震活动、典型震例与震害、矿震特点及破坏特征，矿震成因类型进行分析并提出一些看法。     

中国白肩天蛾属记述与一新记录种(鳞翅目:天蛾科)

白肩天蛾属(Rhagastis RothschildJordan,1903)在中国分布有9种.于2017年上半年和2018年上半年分别对贵州荔波县茂兰自然保护区和海南乐东县尖峰岭地区进行考察并采集到一些天蛾标本.在对长喙天蛾族(Macroglossini Harris,1839)的标本进行整理之后发现,其中一些标本为宽缘白肩天蛾(Rhagastis acuta Walker,1856),这是该种首次在中国境内被记录.对该新记录种雄性成虫的形态进行了描述且附图,并对中国白肩天蛾属目前已知的种类进行了记述.     

贵州省威宁县矿山地质环境分区评价

贵州省威宁县矿产资源丰富,矿业开发程度较高,由此引发的矿山地质环境问题也很突出,本文在贵州省威宁县矿山地质环境调查基础上,采用专家评分-加权比较分析法定量分区评价矿山地质环境问题,为矿山地质环境的恢复与治理提供依据。