钢铁制造流程的本质、功能与钢厂未来发展模式

钢铁制造流程动态运行过程的物理本质是：物质流（主要是铁素流）在能量流（主要是碳素流）的驱动。作用下,按照设定的“程序”,沿着“流程网络”作动态。有序的运行．钢铁制造流程是一类开放的、非平衡的、不可逆的、由不同结构和功能的单元工序通过非线性耦合构成的复杂系统,其动态运行过程的性质是耗散过程。从钢铁制造流程动态运行过程的物理本质出发,可以推出其功能应拓展为：（1）铁素流运行的功能-钢铁产品制造功能;（2）能量流运行的功能-能源转换功能以及与剩余能源相关的废弃物消纳-处理功能;（3）铁素流-能量流相互作用过程的功能-实现过程工艺目标以及与此相应的废弃物消纳-处理功能。钢厂未来发展模式将通过绿色制造和生态化转型,逐步演化为都市周边环境友好型钢厂和港口生态工业带钢厂两类主要可选择的模式。在未来循环经济社会中,钢厂可能承担的社会经济职能是：（1）钢厂是铁．煤化工的起点,既要生产出更好、更廉价的钢,又要充分利用能源;大型钢铁联合企业应向“只买煤、不买电、不用燃料油”的方向发展,同时也应该看到,钢厂有可能制造出相对价廉的、大量的氢气;（2）钢厂也可以是城市社会某些大宗废弃物的处理-消纳站和邻近社区居民生活热能供应站;（3）钢厂可以是某些工业排放物质再资源化循环、再能源化梯级利用和无害化处理的协调处理站。钢厂可以通过延伸其制造链、经营链成为特定区域构筑循环经济社会的重要环节。     

基于MEMS和A蛋白自组装膜抗体定向固定技术的安培型免疫传感器

采用微机电系统（micro electromechanical systems，MEMS）技术制备安培型免疫传感器电极系统，并利用A蛋白和硫醇白组装单层膜（self-assembled monolayer，SAM）设计传感界面，用于抗体的定向固定，研制了一种新型的安培型免疫传感器．首先采用MEMS技术，在硅片上制备“Au，Pt，Pt”微型三电极系统和SU-8微型反应池；然后基于自组装技术，先在金电极上制备巯基乙胺自组装单层膜，利用静电吸附作用在巯基乙胺单层膜上组装A蛋白，再利用A蛋白对抗体的定向吸附作用实现抗体在金电极表面的定向固定．该传感器的研制以低成本、微型化、高度集成，以及实现“片上系统”生物传感器为目标．采用循环伏安法和计时电流法研究传感器的响应特性，与采用块体电极的传统传感器以及采用在电极上直接吸附A蛋白的抗体固定方法相比，该传感器体积小，与CMOS集成电路工艺兼容，对人免疫球蛋白（HIgG）的测定响应快（20s），线性范围宽（50--400μg／L），检出限低（10μg／L），并且易于实现传感器的阵列化和实时多参数检测．     

电子政务环境下党政OA的信息网络建设

本文首先讨论了电子政务环境下党政OA系统的体系结构。在此基础上，文章分析了电子政务环境下党政OA的系统组成及其构建思路和方法。     

面向DEMs测量的InSAR系统伴星编队设计优化

为获得高精度的全球数字高程模型（DEMs）的测量,须对主星带伴星编队的干涉合成孔径雷达（InSAR）系统进行设计和优化.首先利用“有效覆盖”的概念,得出了满足全球一重瞬时寻访有效覆盖的伴星编队轨道与构形的约束条件;提出一种新的满足覆盖要求的编队构形调整与控制方法;归纳出满足InSAR系统设计和优化的数学模型,进一步把“对称”的概念引入设计和优化模型,简化了模型求解;最后,给出系统设计和优化的逻辑结构图,并针对三星对称构形的伴星编队进行了设计和优化,结果表明具有可行性.     

电磁开放系统谐振行为的广义系统函数研究

基于复频率理论，提出电磁开放系统中谐振行为的广义系统函数H（s）研究。H（s）是直接联系空间的辐射或散射场特性，并采用基于模型的参数估计技术（MBPE）在复频域中智能构建。通过研究H（s）在有限工作频带内的零点、极点以及留数特性，可有效分析开放系统中特殊的谐振现象，预测发生谐振的频率，以及谐振的强弱状态。天线和散射等电磁开放系统品质因数（Q值）的计算一直是一个有意义和挑战性的问题，基于广义系统函数H（s）和复频率ω理论，给出了谐振Q值的复频率计算方法，给出一些实际天线阵列的数值实验和讨论来说明广义系统函数理论的应用和正确性。     

基于知识发现创新技术的专家系统新构造

为解决“知识匮乏”这一专家系统中的瓶颈问题，提出了基于数据库与知识库协同机制的综合过程模型KD（D＆K）及其相关的创新技术，进而提出了基于知识发现的专家系统ESKD新构造．作为ESKD的核心知识获取构件KD（D＆K）由KDD＊和KDK＊两部分组成，对基于双库协同机制的KDD＊过程模型和基于双基融合机制的KDK＊过程模型分别做了介绍；给出了ESKD的总体框架；并讨论了ESKD的一些子系统和动态知识库系统；最后，在农业真实数据库上验证了ESKD的有效性和先进性．ESKD有望把专家系统推向新阶段．     

基于扰动分析的随机离散事件系统的优化算法

将扰动分析与随机逼近算法相结合。得到基于扰动分析的随机离散事件系统的优化算法，即所谓的“Ｓｉｎｇｌｅ－Ｒｕｎ－Ｑｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎ（ＳＲＯ）”算法，提出一类ＳＲＯ算法，证明它的收敛性，估出收敛速度。     

CROWN:面向服务的网格中间件系统与信任管理

针对大量网格资源的分布、自治等特点，给出了基于SOA的服务网格体系结构，提出了基于层叠网的分布式网格资源组织与管理机制、访问控制策略的自动协商、信任管理和信任协商机制，并研制了中间件系统CROWN；通过部署CROWN中间件系统建立了广域试验环境并部署了中尺度天气系统降水预报、海量多媒体数据处理平台、血液流动温度场显示、科学数据网格以及数字巡天图检索等多个网格应用，应用经验表明，该中间件系统能够支撑以计算密集型、数据密集型和海量信息分析与处理为特征的典型应用．     

非等温、非灰体不透明漫射固体表面组成的封闭空腔中的辐射（火积）流及其应用

对于不透明漫射固体表面组成的稳态封闭空腔表面辐射传热系统,分别针对非等温灰体漫射表面和非灰体漫射表面定义了辐射（火积）流、单色辐射（火积）流等概念.基于这些定义,分别在全波长和单色波长下得到了辐射（火积）平衡方程和辐射（火积）耗散函数,进而发展了辐射（火积）损失极小值原理、辐射（火积）耗散极值原理和最小辐射热阻原理.辐射（火积）损失极小值原理表明,满足控制方程和边界条件的热势与热流分布,必使系统的辐射（火积）损失达到极小值.辐射（火积）耗散极值原理表面可通过寻求辐射（火积）耗散的极值来获得给定系统传热量时的最小系统平均传热势差以及给定系统平均传热势差时的最大传热量;而最小热阻原理则表明,辐射（火积）耗散的极值与最小辐射热阻是相对应的.本文还给出了单色辐射（火积）耗散极值原理和最小单色辐射热阻原理的应用算例,论证了该原理的适用性.     

基于CAEPIPE的空气导管应力分析与补偿

在考察大型客机空气导管结构尺寸、材料物性参数、工作条件及补偿方式的基础上,基于CAEPIPE软件建立了空气导管引气系统计算模型;选用米塞斯（VONMIESE）应力准则,进行了应力计算分析;并系统研究了补偿方式、补偿位置等因素对导管应力性能的影响。研究工作对于我国大型客机空气导管系统的设计优化具有参考价值。     

Mittlere Trefferzahlen und geometrische Wahrscheinlichkeiten

Summary The autors discuss various applications of a general formula for a mean value, which is based on the mean number of meetings of a plane region with a plane system of regions. The formulæ obtained can be applied in the treatment of suitable scientific and technical problems where such mean values and geometrical probabilities occur.     

A structural view of nuclear hormone receptor: endocrine disruptor interactions

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) represent a broad class of exogenous substances that cause adverse effects in the endocrine system by interfering with hormone biosynthesis, metabolism, or action. The molecular mechanisms of EDCs involve different pathways including interactions with nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) which are primary targets of a large variety of environmental contaminants. Here, based on the crystal structures currently available in the Protein Data Bank, we review recent studies showing the many ways in which EDCs interact with NHRs and impact their signaling pathways. Like the estrogenic chemical diethylstilbestrol, some EDCs mimic the natural hormones through conserved protein–ligand contacts, while others, such as organotins, employ radically different binding mechanisms. Such structure-based knowledge, in addition to providing a better understanding of EDC activities, can be used to predict the endocrine-disrupting potential of environmental pollutants and may have applications in drug discovery.     

Defending the selective confirmation strategy

Most scientific realists today in one way or another confine the object of their commitment to certain components of a successful theory and thereby seek to make realism compatible with the history of theory change. Kyle Stanford calls this move by realists the strategy of selective confirmation and raises a challenge against its contemporary, reliable applicability. In this paper, I critically examine Stanford's inductive argument that is based on past scientists' failures to identify the confirmed components of their contemporary theories. I argue that our ability to make such identification should be evaluated based on the performance of the scientific community as a whole rather than that of individual scientists and that Stanford's challenge fails to raise a serious concern because it focuses solely on individual scientists' judgments, which are either made before the scientific community has reached a consensus or about the value of the posit as a locus for further research rather than its confirmed status.     

Types of experiments and causal process tracing: What happened on the Kaibab Plateau in the 1920s

In a well-cited book chapter, ecologist Jared Diamond characterizes three main types of experiment performed in community ecology: laboratory experiment, field experiment, and natural experiment. Diamond argues that each form of experiment has strengths and weaknesses, with respect to, for example, realism or the ability to follow a causal trajectory. But does Diamond's typology exhaust the available kinds of cause-finding practices? Some social scientists have characterized something they call “causal process tracing.” Is this a fourth type of experiment or something else? I examine Diamond's typology and causal process tracing in the context of a case study concerning the dynamics of wolf and deer populations on the Kaibab Plateau in the 1920s, a case that has been used as a canonical example of a trophic cascade by ecologists but which has also been subject to controversy. I argue that ecologists have profitably deployed causal process tracing together with other types of experiment to help settle questions of causality in this case. It remains to be seen how widespread the use of causal process tracing outside of the social sciences is (or could be), but there are some potentially promising applications, particularly with respect to questions about specific causal sequences.     

Switchable hydrophobic-hydrophilic layer obtained onto porous alumina by plasma-enhanced fluorination

Conventional lithographic printing processes using porous alumina for offset applications generally usewetroutes. Recentlydryprocesses have been developed which are based on a heat-induced hydrophilic/oleophilic conversion of one or more layers of the coating so that a stronger affinity towards ink or water fountain is created at the exposed areas with respect to the surface of the unexposed coating.Treatments involving rf plasma-enhanced fluorination(PEF) constitute exceptional tools for modifying the surf...     

Ru(bpy)32+固相电致化学发光研究进展

将可电化学再生的电致化学发光(ECL)试剂固定于电极表面，由此获得ECL传感器，从而减少分析过程中试剂的消耗和简化实验装置。本文综述了联吡啶钌及其衍生物的固相ECL近年来的研究进展，并简要介绍了各种固定方法及其相关的应用情况。     

A new PM2.5 concentration forecasting system based on AdaBoost-ensemble system with deep learning approach

A reliable and efficient forecasting system can be used to warn the general public against the increasing PM_2.5 concentration. This paper proposes a novel AdaBoost-ensemble technique based on a hybrid data preprocessing-analysis strategy, with the following contributions: (i) a new decomposition strategy is proposed based on the hybrid data preprocessing-analysis strategy, which combines the merits of two popular decomposition algorithms and has been proven to be a promising decomposition strategy; (ii) the long short-term memory (LSTM), as a powerful deep learning forecasting algorithm, is applied to individually forecast the decomposed components, which can effectively capture the long-short patterns of complex time series; and (iii) a novel AdaBoost-LSTM ensemble technique is then developed to integrate the individual forecasting results into the final forecasting results, which provides significant improvement to the forecasting performance. To evaluate the proposed model, a comprehensive and scientific assessment system with several evaluation criteria, comparison models, and experiments is designed. The experimental results indicate that our developed hybrid model considerably surpasses the compared models in terms of forecasting precision and statistical testing and that its excellent forecasting performance can guide in developing effective control measures to decrease environmental contamination and prevent the health issues caused by a high PM_2.5 concentration.     

能源互联网重要基础支撑:分布式储能技术的探索与实践

可再生能源分布式发电的能量波动性以及用户驱动的能量需求的时空随机性,导致能源互联网中能量流本身具有先天的不确定性与无秩序性,因此,分布式储能技术由于可以有效消除能量流的不确定性,并使能量的时空转移和能量流的有序流动成为可能,成为能源互联网重要基础支撑.分布式电池储能作为一种重要的储能方式,电池单体本身非线性特性与电池成组或成网后单体间的差异性,使得电池储能系统"管理好"成为真正"使用好"的基础.但是,电池成组或成网后将构成复杂巨系统,这对"管理好"带来巨大的挑战.因此,本文基于作者多年理论与技术的成果积累,总结了一套适用于分布式储能的大规模电池网络优化管理的理论与方法,包括:单体和电池组或电池网络的建模与状态参数精确估算;基于模糊测度的电池网络特征提取及快速计算;基于自适应动态规划的电池网络优化管理.随后,本文将基于能源互联网思想的分布式储能架构及其管理优化方法与技术引入数据中心,并给出了其在数据中心中实际应用原型系统介绍.本文工作可以为能源互联网的重要基础支撑—分布式储能技术—的研究与应用提供方法指导与技术支撑.     

Amphiphilic spectroscopic probes utilizing metal chelates.

The synthesis and initial applications are reported for 1-[p-(palmitamido)-phenyl]ethylenedinitrilotetraacetic acid. The results demonstrate the versatility of this spectroscopic probe molecule, which allows choice of a particular technique for a particular system as well as use of multiple spectroscopic techniques for complementary information about hydrophobic regions in biological systems.     

公路大件运输安全管理系统研究

针对公路大件运输过程中,沿途弯道、横坡、纵坡、桥梁等复杂的道路状况,设计并开发了一种基于C／S架构的公路大件运输安全管理系统,以保障公路大件运输的安全性和可靠性。在分析系统体系结构特点的基础上,对系统数据库和客户端软件分别进行设计,并采用VB开发工具进行开发,实现系统各项功能。最后通过在公路大件运输企业的实际运用,证明了该系统的科学性与有效性。