Suspended particulate matter in Jiaozhou Bay： Properties and variations in response to hydrodynamics and pollution

Based on water samples collected and observations of currents, tidal levels as well as turbidities taken, respectively over a period of 15 and 7 d, in southwestern Jiaozhou Bay on August, 2001, it was found that: ( i ) the average content of non mineral component amounted to 87% of the suspended sediment matter (SPM) in Jiaozhou Bay,much higher than in estuaries and bays where turbidity is high and mineral particulates dominates; (ii) in contrast to high turbid bays, SPM was generally coarser than bed deposits and in upper water column than in lower water column in Jiaozhou Bay; (iii) in fair weathers, suspended sediment concentration (SPC) varied regularly within tidal cycles and neap-spring cycles, but the regularity was deformed in storms; and (iv) SPC was controlled by settling/resuspension near the bed and by advection at the surface at the study site with a depth of 20 m, suggesting weak vertical exchanges. It was concluded that SPM property of a low turbid bay is sensitive to pollution, and that the maintenance of low turbidity in the bay depends on less SPM supply, low waves and currents, and controlling on discharge of particulate pollutants.     

Determination of Dimethylallylamine by Titration in Nonaqueous Solvent

The content of dimethylallylamine was determined using glacial acetic acid as solvent, acetic-formic mixture as an anhydrite, perchloric acid-glacial acetic acid as titrant, and 1% crystal violet in acetic acid as indicator in the presence of methylamine and dimethylamine The influences of inert constituents and water on the titration were investigated, and a complete analytical method was determined. The results showed that the determination error of total amines increased with water increasing, while the effect of water on the determination of dimethylallylamine was little when the amount of water was within 5%, the relative error was generally within 1%, and that the end-point was acutely when about 10% chloroform was added. Compared with gas chromatography, this method is simple, convenient and accurate.     

（RE）BaCuO／Ag Composites： The Role of Silver in Bulk Materials and Joints

We have investigated the phase equilibria in (RE)BaCuO/Ag systems, the influence of Ag on the processing of (RE)BaCuO/Ag composites and the resulting properties. YBaCuO/Ag composites have been grown by the modified melt crystallization process with YBa2Cu3O7, Y2O3, Pt and Ag2O in the precursor. The improved strength of the YBaCuO/Ag composites compared with the conventional YBaCuO bulk material permitted us to magnetize these materials to achieve trapped fields up to 16 T (at 24 K) in the gap of a mini-magnet. The investigation of the microstructure revealed a remarkable increase of the spacing between micro-cracks especially of those perpendicular to a/b-planes when 12wt% Ag was added. In the case of SmBaCuO/Ag composites, Ag has a strong influence on processing and causes interactions between RE123 seeds and the sample. We show the growth of single-grain SmBaCuO/Ag composites in air and discuss the influence of post-annealing on increasing Tc and Jc. Furthermore, YBaCuO/Ag composites have been shown to be appropriate materials used as a solder to join large single grains to large arrays or to “repair” grain boundaries in arrays grown by a multiseeding technique.     

Violet／blue photoluminescence from CeO2 thin film

CeO2 thin film was fabricated by dual ion beam epitaxial technique. The violet/blue PL at room temperature and lower temperature was observed from the CeO2 thin film. After the analysis of crystal structure and valence in the compound was carried out by the XRD and XPS technique,it was inferred that the origin of CeO2 PL was due to the electrons transition from Ce4f band to O2p band and the defect level to O2p band. And these defects levels were located in the range of 1 eV around Ce4f band.     

Adsorption and stabilization of nano-TiO2 particles in a concentrated dispersion

The quantitative adsorption behavior of a hyperdispersant onto nano-TiO2 particles has been characterized by using FTIR(Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy,NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance) and a negative adsorption method.The intrinsic adsorbed amount of hyperdispersant was(1.05±0.09) mg/m2.Thickness of the adsorbed layer was(4.66±0.42) nm.There was(74±7)% wt water in the adsorbed layer.In the hyperdispersant molecule,the anchoring group of the amide group attached frmly to the nano-TiO2 particles,and the solvatable chains of comb-type structure exhibited the effective steric stabilization.     

Blue emission from hydrogen-containing a-Si：H／SiO2 multilayers and the investigation of its mechanism

A series of hydrogen-containing a-Si:H/SiO2 multilayers with different a-Si:H sublayer thickness were fabricated by layer-by-layer deposition and in situ plasma oxidation in a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition system (PECVD). Optical induced blue emission from the samples was observed by the naked eye at room temperature, which has never been reported in the luminescence study of Si/SiO2 multilayers up to now. Both the photoluminescence (PL) peak and the absorption edge show a blue shift as the a-Si:H sublayer thickness decreases. The origin of the blue emission and the effect of hydrogen are discussed.     

Protein tyrosine phosphatase is possibly involved in cellular signal transduction and the regulation of ABA accumulation in response to water deficit in Maize L.coleoptile

Water deficit-induced ABA accumulation is an ideal model or “stimulus-response”system to investigate cellular stress signaling in plant cels,using such a model the cellular stress signaling triggered by water deficit was investigated in Maize L.coleoptile.Water deficit-induced ABA accumulation was sensitively blocked by NaVO3,a potent inhibitor both to plasma membrane H^ -ATPase(PM-H^ -ATPase)and protein tyrosine phosphatase(PTPase).However,while PM-H^ -ATPase activity was unaffected under water deficit and PM-H^ -ATPase activator did not induce an ABA accumulation instead of water deficit,water deficit induced an increase in the protein phosphatase activity,and furthermore,ABA accumulation was inhibited by PAO,a specific inhibitor of PTPase.These results indicate that protein phosphtases may be involved in the cellular signaling in response to water deficit.Further studies identifiled at least four species of protein phosphtase as assayed by using pNPP as substrate,among which one component was especially sensitive to NaVO3.The NaVO3-sensitive enzyme was purified and finally showed a protein band about 66kD on SDS/PAGE.The purified enzyme showed a great activity to some specific PTPase substrates at pH 6.0.In addition to NaVO3,the enzyme was also sensitive to some other PTPase inhibitors such as Zn^2 and MO3^3 ,but not to Ca^2 and Mg^2 ,indicating that it might be a protein tyrosine phosphatase.Interestingly,the purified enzyme could be deactivated by some reducing agent DTT.which was previously proved to be an inhibitor of water deficit-induced ABA accumulation.This result further proved that PTPase might be involved in the cellular signaling of ABA accumulation in response to water deficit.     

Starch-g-poly (vinyl alcohol)as Compatibilizer for Reducing the Phase Separation Rates of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Cornstarch Pastes

Starch-g-poly(vinyl alcohol) as a compatibilizing agent for reducing the phase separation rates of polyvinyl alcohol/starch pastes has been investigated by blending and dissolving the two polymers in distilled water. The separation rates were quantitatively evaluated by the term of initial demisting time. The grafted starches, with a series of grafting ratios, were prepared by grafting a number of vinyl acetate onto granular cornstarch in aqueous dispersion and then alcoholating in methanol. It was found that the addition of small amounts of starch- g-poly ( vinyl alcohol) in the size compositions can effectively decrease the separation rates of the blended pastes in comparison to pure starch/PVA ones. Moreover, the influence of the grafting ratio, starch content, and PVA variety on the separation rates was also studied.     

ATP content and biomass activity in sequential anaerobic／aerobic reactors

Specific ATP content of volatile solids was measured to characterize the sludge activity in a sequential anaerobic/aerobic wastewater treatment system, with an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and a three-phase aerobic fluidized bed (AFB) reactor. The wastewater COD level was 2000-3000 mg/L in simulation of real textile wastewater. The ATP content and the specific ATP contents of volatile solids at different heights of the UASB reactor and those of the suspended and immobilized biomass in the AFB reactor were measured. In the UASB reactor, the maximum value of specific ATP (0.85 mg ATP/g VS) was obtained at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) 7.14 h in the blanket solution. In the AFB reactor, the specific ATP content of suspended biomass was higher than that of immobilized biomass and increased with hydraulic retention time reaching a maximum value of 1.6 mg ATP/g VS at hydraulic retention time 4.35 h. The ATP content of anaerobes in the UASB effluent declined rapidly under aerobic conditions following a 2nd-order kinetic model.     

Review on aggregation of acid extractants in solvent extraction of metal ions: remark on the general model

The aggregation behavior of various acid extractants in the solvent extraction systems of metal ions is re-examined and explained according to knowledge obtained in recent work. The conclusions are as follows. (1) Complexes formed by the extractants and metal ions can form reversed micelles in organic diluents, depending on the microstructures of the complexes. The dimers of the acid extractant cannot percolate to the metal-extractant aggregates, and the acid-salt complexes are always formed in the aggregates. The reversed micelles or the W/O microemulsions formed by different species cannot be associated with each other to form a unified aggregate. (2) In solvent extraction systems, hydration of the extractants and metal ions can be considered as the driving force of forming reversed micelles. (3) Information of the first approach to the insight of the bicontinuous microemulsion of NaDEHP shows that various components in the aqueous phase behave confined and very similar to the typical AOT/n-heptane W/O microemulsions. (4) In the extraction of lanthanide ions by the W/O microemulsion of sodium naphthenate, the saponification is a process of forming reversed micelle or W/O microemulsion, while the extraction step is a process of destroying reversed micelles or W/O microemulsion droplets.     

油水界面上AOT聚集行为的分子动力学模拟

用分子动力学模拟（MD）方法研究了2-乙基己基琥珀酸酯磺酸钠（AOT）在异辛烷／水界面的聚集行为．结果发现：AOT作为界面改性剂可以在油水界面形成单分子层,并随着浓度的增加从不饱和到饱和、从无序到有序发展;由于存在静电相互作用,盐（NaCl）的加入可以改变表面活性剂在油水界面的排列．     

AOT油包水微乳液中水分子结构和AOT分子构象的FT-IR研究

运用傅立叶变换红外光谱技术对AOT/异辛烷/水油包水型微乳液中水分子的O-H伸缩振动吸收峰和AOT分子中的羰基、磺酸根伸缩振动吸收峰进行了研究.结果表明水分子的O-H伸缩振动在3050～3750cm     

AOT／异辛烷萃取猪心细胞色素C的方法研究初探

用５０ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＡＯＴ反胶团系统在添加０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＣｌ，ｐＨ７．５条件下萃取了猪心糜粗提液（Ⅰ）、ｐＨ７．５沉淀杂质蛋白后的提取液的滤液（Ⅱ）、硫酸铵（５００ｇ／Ｌ）盐析除杂蛋白的清液透析液（Ⅲ）、硫酸矮（５０ｇ／Ｌ）除杂蛋白的滤液并透析除盐的溶液（Ⅳ）、细胞色素Ｃ的三氯乙酸的沉淀物的饱和硫酸铵溶液透析除盐细胞色素Ｃ溶液（Ⅴ）中的细胞色素Ｃ。用１ｍｏｌ／ＬＫＣｌ、ｐＨ１３．０的水溶液对萃取有机相中的细胞色素Ｃ进行反萃取获得细胞色素Ｃ溶液。结果显示，ＡＯＴ反胶团系统能够将细胞色素Ｃ从猪心提取液中萃取到有机相中，并经调节离子强度和ｐＨ值又能将细胞色素Ｃ从有机相中反萃取到水溶液中。其萃取效率（％）分别为８６．９、７８．１、６３．１、４３．１和６。     

Phase behavior of supercritical CO2 microemulsion with food-grade surfactant AOT

Supercritical CO2 (scCO2) has drawn wide attentions as a cheap and efficient green solvent replacing the conventional organic solvents. These technological ap- plications increase rapidly especially in food-relative industry, such as extractions of beer h…     

反胶束中脂肪酶CSL催化性能的研究

以葵花籽油为底物，考察了未见报道的国产脂肪酶ＣＳＬ在ＡＯＴ／异辛烷反胶束体系中的催化性能，当底物体积分数为１０％，ＰＨ＝８．０，Ｔ＝３１３Ｋ，水与表活性剂的浓度比Ｗ０＝１２时，脂肪酶的催化活力最高；而且，当底物体积分数为２０％时，仍未发生抑制现象。     

微乳液法制备纳米Al2(WO4)3

对微乳液法制备纳米Al2(WO4)3进行了研究.分别以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和二(2-乙基己基)磺基琥珀酸钠(AOT)为表面活性剂,在表面活性剂-正辛烷-盐水体系的W/O微乳液区成功地合成了纳米Al2(WO4)3.实验结果表明,以AOT为表面活性剂的微乳液体系制备的纳米Al2(WO4)3颗粒小,粒度分布均匀,其颗粒大小在40 nm左右且为球形.同时还在CTAB/正丁醇-正辛烷-盐水体系的W/O微乳液区、O/W微乳液区和液晶区合成了Al2(WO4)3,并将产物进行了比较.结果表明,在W/O微乳液区能够合成出粒度分布较均匀且粒径在100 nm以内的纳米Al2(WO4)3.     

新型阴离子表面活性剂的合成及其反胶束体系对cyt-C的提取

合成了未见报道的阴离子表面活性剂二（2－乙基已基）羟基丁二酸酯磺酸钠（AHOT），并对其结构进行了表征。考察了AHOT／异辛烷反胶束体系提取细胞色素C（cyt-C）的性质，并与目前公认的优良的表面活性剂AOT进行了比较。结果表明，AHOT与AOT具有相似的表面活性，AHOT反胶束体系的综合性能优于AOT反胶束体系。     

反胶团法提取溶菌酶的研究

本文对AOT/异辛烷反胶团用于从鸡蛋清中萃取溶菌酶进行了研究.对商品AOT、精制AOT和重复使用的AOT加以比较后发现未经提纯处理的商品AOT对萃取虽有影响,但仍具实用性.AOT/异辛烷反胶团系统能有效地保护溶菌酶的活性.此外,对AOT浓度、水相pH值、离子强度等对萃取过程的影响也作了讨论.     

Spontaneous vesicle formation from DSB／AOT mixed system

Spontaneous vesicles from the aqueous mixtures of dodecyl sulfonate betaine (DSB) and sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT) at certain mixing ratios have been demonstrated by using calorimetry, freeze-frac-ture transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), negative-staining TEM and dynamic light scattering (DLS) methods. The addition of NaCl will promote vesicle formation and the heat effect of monodisperse vesicle system is greatest. Meanwhile the mechanism was analyzed from the viewpoint of packing parameter f, molecular geometry structure and interaction.     

Reverse micelles extraction of nattokinase： From model system to real system

Nattokinase (also named subtilisin NAT) was pri- marily isolated from a traditional fermented food in Japan, ‘‘Natto’’, by Sumi et al.[1]. Since then more and more reports of pharmacological researches on natto- kinase demonstrated that nattokinase showed many advantages, such as longer half life, greater fibrinolytic activity than plasmin, availability for both oral admini- stration and intravenous instillation, both preventive and therapeutic measure against thrombosis, less risk of he…