考虑地层蠕变效应的桥梁桩基施工对邻近运营地铁隧道的影响

为研究桥梁桩基施工引起地层蠕变行为对邻近地铁隧道安全运营的影响,依托实体工程,采用卸荷条件下黏土蠕变特性试验确定了隧道周围土体的蠕变模型,通过数值模拟手段(FLAC3D软件)与现场监测相结合的方法,分析了桩基开挖期间地铁隧道的竖向位移、水平位移和应力分布状态。结果表明：广义Kelvin本构模型能够较为准确的描述黏土体开挖卸荷时的蠕变效应;桩基开挖后,邻近地铁隧道衬砌位移不断增大,随后进入稳定状态;随着桩基开挖数量的增加,地铁隧道竖向位移和水平位移总体表现为下沉和向外收敛趋势;桩-隧最小净距越小,桩基施工对隧道影响越大,采用隧道双侧布桩的施工方式,能够有效降低桩基开挖时隧道拱腰的累计水平位移,有利于地铁隧道的安全稳定运营。     

软黏土基坑开挖诱发邻近桥梁桩基的时变响应

利用PLAXIS 3D软件和软土蠕变模型，建立某市政道路下穿市域铁路桥梁基坑工程的三维数值模型，通过与实测数据的对比验证模型的合理性. 将软土蠕变模型退化为软土模型，考虑桩顶约束条件，对比分析桥梁群桩的时效水平响应. 结合两阶段法，将数值计算得到的土体自由场时变沉降作为“外荷载”作用于桩基，利用考虑桩土往返剪切的荷载传递方法，计算桩身自重、桩顶荷载和后续近接工程基坑开挖作用下桩基的竖向力学响应. 结果表明：1）土体蠕变对邻近桥梁群桩变形、内力的影响较大，甚至不亚于墙体瞬时变形的影响；2）桥梁群桩桩身的变形、内力与离开坑壁的距离呈负相关，并表现出群桩的遮帘作用，桩顶的变形、内力则由桩顶约束条件决定；3）对于桩顶承受荷载不大以及后续受近接工程基坑开挖扰动不大的深厚软弱地层中的桥桩桩基，在以桩顶变形为控制目标时，存在合理桩径和合理桩长.     

盾构开挖引起邻近桩基水平位移的简化计算方法

基于盾构开挖侧穿邻近桩基引起桩-土相互作用的实际工况,提出了一种可预测桩基水平变形的简化计算方法. 采用两阶段法获得盾构开挖引起邻近桩基水平位移简化计算方法,第一阶段采用Loganathan公式计算盾构开挖引起邻近桩基轴线处土体自由水平位移场;第二阶段把桩基简化成 Euler-Bernoulli 梁放置在 Vlasov 地基模型上,建立桩基水平位移控制方程,结合桩基两端约束情况,采用差分法获得邻近桩基的水平位移矩阵解. 随后考虑群桩之间的土体遮拦效应,进一步获得邻近群桩的水平变形差分解 . 通过与两个既有工程案例实测以及既有地基模型计算结果对比,验证了本文方法的优越性. 群桩参数分析表明：地层损失率及隧道埋深的增大均会引起邻近群桩水平位移的增大,但桩身产生最大位移处会随着隧道埋深增加而增大;桩隧之间间距的增大会引起邻近群桩水平位移的减小,但其减小速率逐渐变缓.     

地铁隧道施工对地表和邻近建筑物影响研究

以武汉4、6号线某区间在建地铁为背景,为了研究地铁隧道施工在不同地层损失率、不同施工顺序下对地表沉降和邻近建筑物桩基变形的影响,运用peck公式和FLAC2D数值模拟方法,结果表明:地层损失率为1.5%和2.0%时,地表沉降和桩身竖向位移值不满足安全要求,应控制地层损失率在1.0%以内;不同地层损失率和施工顺序对桩身水平位移影响较小;先施工6号线后施工4号线引起的桩身位移较小,建议采用此施工顺序.     

桩基施工对邻近既有地铁隧道影响的数值分析

采用数值分析方法,建立桩-隧相互作用的三维有限元模型,通过改变桩-隧相对位置、隧道埋深、水平净距、桩基半径和考虑群桩因素,研究静压桩基施工对软土地区既有地铁隧道的影响。研究结果表明:桩基侧面施工引起的隧道变形较大,且随着桩身与隧道水平净距增大,变形在传递过程中不断衰减;浅埋隧道受扰动影响较为敏感,产生变形较大;桩基半径增大也会加剧隧道结构的变形;桩基邻近既有地铁隧道施工的影响区可划分为强影响区、一般影响区和弱影响区;群桩中的已存在桩对挤土效应具有阻挡效应。     

地铁隧道施工诱发桩基变形的数值仿真分析

利用数值分析软件ANSYS建立弹塑性有限元模型;考虑位于区间隧道轴线不同位置的邻近桩基及不同桩长情况,对区间隧道施工诱发邻近桩基的变形进行数值仿真试验分析,同时分析隧道开挖后土体与桩体参数等因素对邻近桩基变形的影响。数值仿真试验结果表明：地铁隧道开挖后桩体发生倾倒变形,桩端与洞轴线的相对位置及桩端土性对桩基变形有明显的影响,有桩侧隧道周围向洞内的水平位移比无桩侧的水平位移小,且随桩长增加,两者差别增大。     

盾构掘进引起的邻近桩基水平附加荷载分析

基于Mindlin基本解及弹性力学基本理论,考虑刀盘挤土效应产生的附加推力、土体地层软化特性且不均匀分布的盾壳摩阻力及土体损失等因素推导得到盾构掘进过程中邻近桩基的水平附加荷载解析解答。算例分析结果表明:在x方向上,盾构刀盘到达前,邻近桩基承受附加压力荷载;刀盘通过桩基平面后,附加荷载转为拉力;在盾尾通过后,桩身附加拉力荷载达到最大。在y方向上,土体损失是引起桩身的附加荷载的主要因素,特别是在盾尾通过桩基平面后,对应于隧道拱顶及拱底附近位置桩身分别承受较大的附加压力及附加拉力荷载,这将会导致桩基产生较大的挠曲变形、弯矩及剪力,为最不利施工工况。     

地铁车站洞桩法施工对地层及邻近桩基的影响规律

以北京地铁国贸站工程为背景,分析大跨度分离式地铁车站采用洞桩法施工,对周围地层及邻近桩基的影响.采用现场实测方法分析洞桩法施工地层沉降的规律,认为纵向沉降明显分为前期沉降区、急剧沉降区和沉降收敛区,而急剧沉降区又分为导洞、扣拱及下部开挖3个阶段;横向沉降符合Peck曲线,影响范围为3~4倍洞径.采用三维数值分析方法模拟施工过程,选取典型的邻近桩基所在断面,研究车站施工对邻近桩基变形以及地表沉降的影响,对国贸站邻近桩基变形现场量测数据进行对比分析,认为邻近桩基沉降变形与其施工过程相对应,也分为导洞、扣拱及下部土体开挖3个阶段.影响沉降的主要因素是其空间位置,特别是桩基与车站结构的最小距离,其次桩端所处的地层条件也有一定的影响;施工对邻近桩基水平方向的扰动影响非常显著,扣拱施工对邻近桩基的侧向变形影响最大.在此基础上总结了车站上侧桩、中侧桩、下侧桩等邻近桩基的变形规律.     

基于BP神经网络的基坑开挖对临近桥桩水平位移预测研究

基坑开挖会引起周围土体位移从而对邻近桩基造成负面影响,干扰桩基正常工作,导致桩身层产生附加弯矩、侧向位移。以郑州大四环及大河路快速化基坑临近桥梁桩基为背景,建立BP(Back Propagation)人工神经网络预测模型,同时结合三维数值模拟及实际监测数据对桩基水平位移进行预测。结果表明,基坑开挖对邻近桩基的影响会随着两者距离的增大而慢慢减弱,且桥梁产生的竖向位移在开挖过程中始终大于其他方向位移。通过将基于BP神经网络建立的预测模型与真实值对比验证了该预测模型可以快速、准确地预测基坑开挖引起的临近桥桩的变形值,可以为桩基位移的预测提供一定参考。     

城市地铁明挖隧道对高架桥桩基影响的数值分析

为评估明挖地铁区间隧道施工对高架桥的影响,结合重庆轨道交通环线某区间隧道施工,采用有限元分析软件MIDAS-GTS建立了隧道及桥墩的三维模型进行数值模拟,分析了隧道开挖对桥墩、围岩的应力及位移影响.结果表明:隧道开挖后围岩和桥墩沉降的不同,桥梁桩身将受到围岩的负摩擦力作用;隧道开挖在桥墩距隧道近端引起的桩基位移向下,在远端引起的竖向位移向上;开挖荷载对桩基应力影响不仅与桥墩到开挖隧道之间的距离有关,还与桥梁桩基高度有关,隧道支护锚杆最大轴力为7.07 k N能满足安全稳定性的要求.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that