英语新词及构词法

语言是社会的载体,反映特定时期的社会文化,语言总是在不断地发展变化.随着科技、政治经济和社会的发展,英语中出现了许许多多反映特定时期新事物的新词,丰富了英语这一门国际性语言.本文罗列了一些新词,分析了出现这些新词的背景和构词法在新词中的体现.     

浅议英语新词的产生

词汇是一门语言最重要、最活跃的组成部分,是语言发展变化的产物和反映。近年来,英语作为信息时代使用最广泛的一门世界性语言,新词语大量涌现,最直接地映射着日新月异的社会生活的方方面面。当今,科学技术迅速发展,发明创造层出不穷,社会政治深人变革,经济贸易竞争发展,给人们带来了全新的体验,影响着人们的观念和思维的改变,这必定要在语言中得到体现,涌现出大量的英语新词。认识和了解英语新词是英语学习者和英语工作者的一门必修课。本文比较全面地从各个方面分析了英语新词产生的各种原因。     

英语新词的时代特色

语言作为文化的一部分，是文化的一种折射，透过一个民族的语言层面窥见的仍是这个民族绚丽多彩的文化形态。语言中的词汇对社会生活的变化尤为敏感，社会发展推动了英语新闻的产生。英语新词也不可避免地烙上了英语民族文化心理的印记。英语新词作为信息载体，具有较强的信息功能，是我们了解英美社会文化的一个窗口。本文结合近几年出现的英语新词，看重从科技、政治、经济和社会生活等几方面分析了新词产生的社会背景和折射的社会文化状态。同时，新词也丰富了英语的表达能力。     

论英语新词新语的构成与发展

社会的变革,人们思维方式与思想观念的改变以及新事物的大量涌现,促进了英语新词新语的迅速发展。新词语作为语言现象和社会现象的融合体,它的产生和发展不仅具有内在的社会原因,而且蕴含着特定的思想文化意义。文章分析了英语新词产生的社会背景、形成方式,并通过英语词语结构形态的差异对英语语言的异质性进行了探讨。     

“软”“硬”兼谈——“hard”与“soft”词义探微

社会的发展必定推动语言的发展,随着新生事物的不断涌现,原有的词语或表达法已经不能满足人们交流的需要,一些新词就会应运而生。人们接触新东西到接受新东西总要有个过程,一些词语刚出现时可能不完全被人们采纳,但随着时间的推移,它们同样会约定俗成,继而流行起来。以英语单词hard(硬)和soft(软)为例,它们派生出来的新词在报刊杂志、电台和电视台已屡见不鲜,这为我们学习英语新词提供了帮助。     

相对零翻译在当前英语新出现词语中的翻译分析

随着政治,经济,科技．社会文化的不断发展,使得英语中出现了大量新词语,而大部分新词语难以在目的语中找到与此相对应的词语翻译。面对这种状况,我们必须打破逐词翻译和单纯语言的对等束缚,通过运用相对零翻译理论不断探寻英语新词翻译的新路径。基于此点,该文对相对零翻译在当前英语新出现词语中的翻译进行分析。     

英译汉时如何翻译外来语中的外来名词

社会和科技的飞速发展,使我们在翻译英语时,遇到了越来越多的外来词,尤其是越来越多的外来名词,如何翻译这些外来名词,对我们的语言运用,语言交际至关重要,前者较多或过多地使用了音译,使得被译词语在保持了“异国情调”的风味之外,让读者很为其意大惑不解,正确的,合理的译法应该是音译、意译、音意兼译,创造新词和附加说明的综合运用。     

新时期汉语词汇中英源音译词探析

随着改革开放的深入发展和对外文化交流的日益扩大,汉语从英语中借用的词语数量也不断增加,大量新词新语也应运而生。音译词作为一种跨语言、跨文化交际过程中的语言现象,是跨文化交际的必然产物。     

论科技英语新词的隐喻理据

科技的迅猛发展带来大量科技英语新词的产生,在此过程中隐喻作为人类认知和思维的一种重要方式,发挥了不可或缺的作用。本文主要分析了隐喻在科技英语新词各种构词类型中的表现,进而对科技英语新词的隐喻理据进行了认知阐释,以便我们在科技英语词汇的新陈代谢中更好地理解词与词之间的联系以及词义演变和发展的规律。     

新词的翻译

“新词”一词，在英文中被翻译成“neologism”本身就是一个新被创制出来的词。语言学中，新词被定义为：新近创制出来的词语或是词组。而这个“创制”不单单指原来没有的；也指原本就存在的词，现如今被人们赋予了新的意义的词汇。随着科技日新月异的发展，新词被广泛的应用，已使其成为生活中不可或缺的一部分；新词被广泛用来定义新的发明，新的现象，或者旧有的文化现象。新词已经成为语言上不可或缺的一部分。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that