操作参数对催化裂解旋流反应器流动梯度场的影响

为揭示旋流反应器内生物质热解气与催化剂的混合流动状态,加速生物质热解气的催化裂解,利用本实验室自制的生物质催化裂解旋流反应器,采用k-ε模型与Eulerian双流体模型进行模拟分析,研究了入口气速和催化剂粒径对反应器内的固相体积分数、压力、速度的影响规律,并进行了实验验证。结果表明:速度变量下,轴向气相速度的改变对于反应器内的体积分数分布影响较小,而切向气相速度的影响较大。接触主反应区内,催化剂粒径为10μm左右时,混合程度最优;在反应分离耦合区内,颗粒粒径改变对分离效果无显著影响。4种催化剂粒径工况下,粒径10μm状态更有利于气固两相的分离;入口速度改变时,较大的切向入口速度可导致气体流量增大,有利于反应器内的气固流动,提升气固分离效果。     

基于热流固耦合的微通道冷却系统模拟

浸入式直接液冷固体激光器的设计理念自提出以来即受到广泛关注,其增益介质与微通道内冷却介质直接接触进行换热的方式能显著提高传热效果.微通道的结构、流体流动及增益介质热负荷直接影响激光器光程差(OPD),从而影响激光出光质量.基于实际浸入式直接液冷固体激光器操作条件优化的需要,建立二薄片三通道(坐标轴x正方向为双流道流动方向)小型固体激光器冷却系统几何模型,并将热流固耦合方法和OPD计算模型相结合,模拟研究微通道内雷诺数、增益介质热负荷对OPD的影响.模拟结果表明:冷却系统的转捩雷诺数为2 600;相同热负荷下,随着微通道内流动雷诺数增大,OPD波峰与波谷的位置向x轴的负方向(单流道流动方向)移动、峰谷值增大;相同雷诺数下,随着增益介质热负荷增大,增益介质热变形程度增大,OPD的波峰与波谷位置不变、峰谷值增大;为保证固体激光器出光质量,当实际热负荷为2 000 W要求时,由于增益介质所受最大应力和微通道层流流动的限制,雷诺数应控制在2 200～2 600范围内;当雷诺数为2 300时,由于增益介质所受最大应力的限制,热负荷应控制在2 400 W内.建立的热流固耦合并结合OPD计算模型方法,...     

微通道内乙醇胺降膜吸收CO2过程中Marangoni对流的影响

利用流体体积分数(VOF)和水平集(Level Set)耦合的多相流数值模拟方法,对微通道降膜反应器中乙醇胺(MEA)溶液反应吸收CO2的过程进行了研究.根据所建立的MEA-CC2体系的流动-反应-传质模型,对微通道内降膜反应吸收过程中出现的Marangoni对流对传质的增强效果进行了定量分析,数值模拟得到的Maran...     

流化床结晶器中流体动力学状态影响因素的分析

使用计算流体力学(CFD)的方法,对流化床结晶器(FBC)内的流体动力学状态进行了研究.模拟采用多相流模型,将溶液定义为连续相,颗粒定义为分散相,考察了不同颗粒密度在不同黏度的溶液中的悬浮状态及流场分布.结果表明:随着颗粒密度的增加,同一结晶器高度的固相体积分数是增加的;溶液黏度的变化对液相流速和固相体积分数的影响不明显.     

叶片圆盘泵固液两相流动规律数值模拟

为研究叶片圆盘泵内流动规律,将叶片圆盘泵叶轮分为无叶区和叶片区,采用多重参考坐标系法模拟叶轮在泵体内的转动.采用Eulerian多相流模型、RNG k-ε湍流模型与SIMPLEC算法,利用Fluent软件对叶片圆盘泵内固液两相湍流进行数值模拟.在水力性能试验验证的基础上,得到叶轮无叶区和叶片区内压力和速度变化规律,以及固相体积分数分布规律.结果表明:旋流是叶轮无叶区内主要流动方式,无叶区内较大部分是低压区,存在叶片区高能流体流向无叶区的轴向流动;固相颗粒大部分集中于无叶区,叶片区颗粒浓度最高是在叶轮出口叶片工作面靠近无叶区处.分析认为大部分固体颗粒直接从无叶区排出而不经过叶轮叶片区是叶片圆盘泵具有良好固相通流能力而又对叶轮磨损较小的原因.     

物性参数对纳米流体强化换热的影响

对铜-氩纳米流体在矩形槽通道内流动和换热情况进行了数值模拟,对基础流体和不同体积分数的纳米流体在不同Re下的换热情况进行研究,分析了纳米流体热物性的改变对强化换热的影响.研究表明:相对于基础流体而言纳米流体由于具有较好的导热性能而强化换热,并且纳米流体体积分数越大,其导热性能越好,从而换热能力也越大.对于相同体积分数的纳米流体,其换热系数提高的程度与流体的速度有关系,流速越小,换热系数提高得越大,而随着流速的逐渐增大换热系数提高的程度逐渐下降.     

微流控芯片通道壁面润湿性对微滴生成的影响

液滴微流控中芯片微通道的壁面润湿性是决定微滴生成的重要因素之一。为研究环烯烃共聚物芯片微通道表面润湿性对通道内微滴生成以及流体流动行为的影响,利用流体体积(volume of fluid, VOF)模型对聚焦流微通道中水和氟油两相流动行为进行数值模拟,并制备了接触角为30°、90°、120°梯度下的芯片微通道壁面开展实验研究,模拟与实验吻合良好。结果表明:在固定物性和结构参数下,壁面润湿性越弱,油包水微滴越容易形成,壁面的减阻特性随之增强,并且壁面的减阻特性导致90°比120°时微滴的生成频率低29.3%,直径增大8.3%;随着润湿性的增强,水相相对于氟油相的界面由凸变凹,30°时芯片生成微滴由油包水变成水包油;随着连续相毛细数(Ca)的升高,壁面润湿性对微滴生成的影响减小。     

十字型通道内黏弹性撞击流混合机理研究

采用激光诱导荧光（PLIF）技术对十字型通道中黏弹性流体（聚环氧乙烷溶液）进行可视化研究，重点考察了雷诺数（Re）、聚合物溶液质量分数（w）和通道尺度对流体流动模式、振荡特性以及混合效果的影响。结果表明，对于牛顿流体（水），随着雷诺数增加（20相似文献   

纳米流体微通道热沉的性能强化

基于对纳米流体热导率及黏度公式的筛选,本文发展了纳米流体微通道热沉的三维流固耦合模型,分析了热沉结构、纳米颗粒种类、粒径、体积分数及基液种类等关键参数对热沉性能的影响.结果表明:(1)纳米颗粒随机运动引起的附加热耗散强化了纳米流体的对流换热,显著提高了热沉的冷却性能;(2)纳米流体的强化作用依赖于热沉结构,且依赖关系不同于纯流体,需对纳米流体作为冷却剂的热沉结构进行优化;(3)颗粒体积分数增加,热沉热阻降低,但压降升高,综合考虑热阻和压降,最佳的冷却剂为0.5%体积分数的水基Al2O3纳米流体,相对于纯水,其使热阻降低了10.1%,压降仅增加0.38%;(4)颗粒粒径对热阻影响较小,考虑纳米流体稳定性,推荐使用小粒径的纳米颗粒;(5)Al2O3纳米颗粒优于TiO2,CuO最差,最优的基液为水,依次为乙二醇和机油.     

考虑固壁作用力的微可压缩流体纳微米圆管流动分析

针对流体在纳微米尺度下的流体流动规律不符合泊肃叶规律的理论依据不足的难题,研究了纳微米圆管中流体的流动,将流体的微可压缩和固壁对流体的作用同时考虑进来,并将固壁对流体的作用采用固壁作用力的形式引入到流体力学方程,采用涡函数流函数将方程解耦,并用正则摄动法求得一阶精度的压力和速度的解析解.结果发现:固壁作用力导致零阶径向压力的出现,一阶压力的增强和一阶速度的降低;量纲一的体积流量偏离了不可压缩流体的体积流量,偏离效应受流体的微可压缩性和固壁作用力的共同影响.体积流量在同尺度下偏离泊肃叶流动的流量大小随着可压缩系数和流体中和壁面产生作用的离子浓度增大而增大,随着纳微米圆管管径减小而增大,纳微米圆管管径低于某一尺寸时,流体将不能流动.通过研究表明:纳微米尺度下产生微尺度效应的原因是流体的微可压缩性和壁面力的共同影响.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that