Corrosion behavior of low alloy steels in a wet–dry acid humid environment

The corrosion behavior of corrosion resistant steel (CRS) in a simulated wet–dry acid humid environment was investigated and compared with carbon steel (CS) using corrosion loss, polarization curves, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), N₂ adsorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results show that the corrosion kinetics of both steels were closely related to the composition and compactness of the rust, and the electrochemical properties of rusted steel. Small amounts of Cu, Cr, and Ni in CRS increased the amount of amorphous phases and decreased the content of γ-FeOOH in the rust, resulting in higher compactness and electrochemical stability of the CRS rust. The elements Cu, Cr, and Ni were uniformly distributed in the CRS rust and formed CuFeO₂, Cu₂O, CrOOH, NiFe₂O₄, and Ni₂O₃, which enhanced the corrosion resistance of CRS in the wet–dry acid humid environment.     

Hot-corrosion behavior of Cr2O3-CNT-coated ASTM-SA213-T22 steel in a molten salt environment at 700℃

The present work investigates the hot-corrosion behavior of carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced chromium oxide coatings on boiler steel in a molten salt (Na₂SO₄-60wt%V₂O₅) environment at 700℃ under cyclic conditions. The coatings were deposited via the high-velocity oxygen fuel process. The uncoated and coated steel samples were subjected to hot corrosion in a silicon tube furnace at 700℃ for 50 cycles. The kinetics of the corrosion behavior was analyzed through mass-gain measurements after each cycle. The corrosion products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis techniques. The results revealed that uncoated steel suffered spallation of scale because of the formation of nonprotective Fe₂O₃ scale. The coated steel samples exhibited lower mass gains with better adhesiveness of oxide scale with the steel alloy until the end of exposure. The CNT-reinforced coatings were concluded to provide better corrosion resistance in the hot-corrosion environment because of the uniform dispersion of CNTs in the coating matrix and the formation of protective chromium oxides in the scale.     

Corrosion-wear behavior of nanocrystalline Fe88Si12 alloy in acid and alkaline solutions

The corrosion-wear behavior of a nanocrystalline Fe₈₈Si₁₂ alloy disc coupled with a Si₃N₄ ball was investigated in acid (pH 3) and alkaline (pH 9) aqueous solutions. The dry wear was also measured for reference. The average friction coefficient of Fe₈₈Si₁₂ alloy in the pH 9 solution was approximately 0.2, which was lower than those observed for Fe₈₈Si₁₂ alloy in the pH 3 solution and in the case of dry wear. The fluctuation of the friction coefficient of samples subjected to the pH 9 solution also showed similar characteristics. The wear rate in the pH 9 solution slightly increased with increasing applied load. The wear rate was approximately one order of magnitude less than that in the pH 3 solution and was far lower than that in the case of dry wear, especially at high applied load. The wear traces of Fe₈₈Si₁₂ alloy under different wear conditions were examined and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicated that the tribo-chemical reactions that involve oxidation of the worn surface and hydrolysis of the Si₃N₄ ball in the acid solution were restricted in the pH 9 aqueous solution. Thus, water lubrication can effectively improve the wear resistance of nanocrystalline Fe₈₈Si₁₂ alloy in the pH 9 aqueous solution.     

Effect of Al2O3 and Y2O3 on the corrosion behavior of ZrO2-benzotriazole nanostructured coatings applied on AA2024 via a sol-gel method

zirconia-based nanostructured coatings were deposited on AA2024 to improve the corrosion resistance properties. Three different nanostructured coatings, namely, zirconia-benzotriazole, zirconia-alumina-benzotriazole, and zirconia-yttria-benzotriazole, were applied on AA2024 via a sol-gel method using the dip-coating technique. Next, the coatings were annealed at 150℃ after each dipping period. The phases and morphologies of the coatings were investigated using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The corrosion properties were evaluated using electrochemical methods, including polarization and electrochemical impedance techniques in 3.5wt% NaCl solution. The obtained results confirm the formation of homogeneous and crack free zirconia-benzotriazole-based nanostructured coatings. The average roughness values for zirconia-benzotriazole, zirconia-alumina-benzotriazole, and zirconia-yttria-benzotriazole nanostructured coatings were 30, 8, and 6 nm, respectively. The presence of alumina as a stabilizer on zirconia coating was found to have a beneficial impact on the stability of the corrosion resistance for different immersion times. In fact, the addition of alumina resulted in the dominance of the healing behavior in competition with the corrosion process of zirconia-benzotriazole nanostructured coating.     

Comparative study on the corrosion behavior of X52, 3Cr,and 13Cr steel in an O2-H2O-CO2 system:products,reaction kinetics,and pitting sensitivity

The corrosion behaviors of X52, 3Cr low-alloy steel, and 13Cr stainless steel were investigated in an O₂-H₂O-CO₂ environment at various temperatures and O₂-CO₂ partial-pressure ratios. The results showed that the corrosion rates of X52, 3Cr, and 13Cr steels increased with increasing temperature. The corrosion rates slowly increased at temperatures less than 100℃ and increased sharply when the temperature exceeded 100℃. In the absence of O₂, X52, 3Cr, and 13Cr exhibited uniform corrosion morphology and FeCO₃ was the main corrosion product. When O₂ was introduced into the system, various forms of Fe₂O₃ appeared on the surface of the samples. The Cr content strongly influenced the corrosion resistance. The 3Cr steel with a low Cr content was more sensitive to pitting than the X52 or 13Cr steel. Thus, pitting occurred on the surface of 3Cr when 1.25 MPa of O₂ was added; this phenomenon is related to the non-uniform distribution of Cr in 3Cr.     

表面状态对核级316LN不锈钢电化学腐蚀行为的影响

表征了打磨态和机械抛光态316LN不锈钢表面的粗糙度、表面残余应变和表面电子功函数的分布,并研究了打磨态和机械抛光态样品在硼酸盐溶液中电化学腐蚀行为的差异.与机械抛光态316LN不锈钢相比,打磨处理后样品表面较为粗糙,且表面的微观残余应变较大,近表面产生约50 μm的加工硬化层.表面粗糙度和微观应变的增加引起打磨态表面电化学活性的增大,从而促进316LN不锈钢在硼酸盐溶液中腐蚀.机械抛光处理降低了表面钝化膜的载流子密度(供体和受体),并增大了钝化膜的阻抗,提高了钝化膜的致密性和保护性,能够有效抑制金属的进一步腐蚀.     

347H不锈钢电化学腐蚀行为研究

使用电化学工作站检测热轧态347H不锈钢、固溶态酸洗347H不锈钢和固溶处理态347H不锈钢在3.5wt.%NaCl、5wt.%H₂SO₄和5wt.%NaOH腐蚀介质中的电化学腐蚀行为,绘制极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱研究固溶处理对347H不锈钢电化学腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:在3.5wt.%NaCl腐蚀介质中,固溶态酸洗347H不锈钢表现出最佳的耐腐蚀性,而固溶处理会降低热轧态347H不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能.在5wt.%H₂SO₄腐蚀介质中,通过1 160 ℃固溶处理2 h,347H不锈钢的耐腐蚀性有所提高.在5wt.%NaOH腐蚀介质中,热轧态347H不锈钢的自腐蚀电流密度和其他状态的347H不锈钢相比要小一个数量级,因此,热轧态347H不锈钢更耐5wt.%NaOH腐蚀介质的腐蚀.     

Q235钢在青霉菌作用下的腐蚀行为和电化学特性

采用表面分析技术、失重法及电化学测试方法研究了Q235钢在青霉菌(Penicillium)作用下的腐蚀行为和电化学特性.青霉菌在Q235钢表面形成致密的生物膜和腐蚀产物沉积膜层.青霉菌促进Q235钢的腐蚀,腐蚀类型为点蚀坑.青霉菌体系中试样表面膜经历由游离态变为固着态,由单层逐渐变为多层的过程;生物膜作用与细菌活性有关,当活性降低时微生物腐蚀促进作用也大幅降低.     

26CrMo4套管钢在三元复合驱溶液的腐蚀行为研究

采用电化学工作站测试了P110级套管钢(26CrMo4)在三元复合驱(ASP)溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为。研究了ASP中各主要成分、浓度和温度对26CrMo4钢腐蚀行为的影响。用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对静态浸泡腐蚀后的试件表面进行了测试分析。结果表明,26CrMo4钢在ASP、AS、A、AP溶液中,腐蚀速率依次增大。随ASP浓度增加,腐蚀电位增大,腐蚀电流密度减小,腐蚀速率也随之减小。无论对于强碱或弱碱ASP溶液,随着温度增加,26CrMo4钢的腐蚀电流密度增加,腐蚀速率加快。经80℃静态浸泡192 h后,26CrMo4钢主要发生均匀腐蚀,腐蚀产物主要为Fe(OH)3、FeCO3、Fe2O3。     

Cl-和HCO3-对N80钢阳极电化学行为的协同作用

采用动电位极化曲线和动电位电化学阻抗谱对含不同浓度Cl-和HCO3-溶液体系中N80钢的阳极电化学行为进行了研究.溶液体系中不含Cl-的情况下,HCO3-的浓度超过0.03 mol.L-1时可使N80钢发生钝化.Cl-能极大提高发生钝化的HCO3-浓度临界值,同时对材料表面的钝化膜具有强烈的破坏作用.在阳极区,同等HCO3-浓度下,含Cl-的溶液体系中点蚀电位下降,维钝电位区间变窄,维钝电流密度升高.动电位电化学阻抗谱结果与动电位极化曲线基本对应.等效电路中电器元件与极化电位的关系表明,在含Cl-的溶液体系中N80钢的钝化膜粗糙度与致密性均有所下降,维钝电流密度升高主要由电荷转移电阻的降低所致.     

Effects of chitosan inhibitor on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel

The effects of chitosan inhibitor on the corrosion behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel were studied by electrochemical measurements, immersion tests, and stereology microscopy. The influences of immersion time, temperature, and chitosan concentration on the corrosion inhibition performance of chitosan were investigated. The optimum parameters of water-soluble chitosan on the corrosion inhibition performance of 2205 duplex stainless steel were also determined. The water-soluble chitosan showed excellent corrosion inhibition performance on the 2205 duplex stainless steel. Polarization curves demonstrated that chitosan acted as a mixed-type inhibitor. When the stainless steel specimen was immersed in the 0.2 g/L chitosan solution for 4 h, a dense and uniform adsorption film covered the sample surface and the inhibition efficiency (IE) reached its maximum value. Moreover, temperature was found to strongly influence the corrosion inhibition of chitosan; the inhibition efficiency gradually decreased with increasing temperature. The 2205 duplex stainless steel specimen immersed in 0.4 g/L water-soluble chitosan at 30℃ displayed the best corrosion inhibition among the investigated specimens. Moreover, chitosan decreased the corrosion rate of the 2205 duplex stainless steel in an FeCl₃ solution.     

混凝土模拟液中钢筋腐蚀电化学测试结果比较

为了研究电化学噪声(ENM)、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和线性极化(LPR)3种方法对混凝土中钢筋锈蚀情况评价的可靠性,采用不同Cl-浓度的高碱性模拟液对钢筋进行浸泡,在钝化期和腐蚀期分别用3种方法测试了极化电阻,并分析了不同方法对腐蚀机理的表征.结果表明:3种方法得出的极化电阻值比较接近;当体系处于活化腐蚀状态时,ENM和LPR结果符合较好,EIS结果略小;当体系处于钝化状态时,EIS和LPR结果吻合,而ENM结果明显偏小;ENM和EIS对腐蚀机理的表征是一致的.3种方法对钢筋腐蚀的评价均具有较高的可靠性.     

X70管线钢在含CO_2湿天然气环境下腐蚀行为

利用高温高压冷凝釜模拟油气田湿天然气CO2腐蚀环境,进行了不同气体温度、湿气-管壁温差的湿气冷凝腐蚀实验,研究了温度对X70钢腐蚀形态、速率的变化规律.利用扫描电镜和能谱仪,分析了腐蚀产物膜的微观形貌和成分,并与高温高压釜中全水相实验结果进行了对比.建立了湿气管道腐蚀预测模型,初步探讨了湿气温度、管壁温度、温差、液膜温度和冷凝率等重要湿气参数对湿气顶部腐蚀的影响.结果表明：在相同管壁温度（5℃）下,湿气温度升高使X70管线钢腐蚀速率升高;在相同的湿气温度（25℃和45℃）下,X70钢的腐蚀速率随管壁温度的升高而略有下降;在20～45℃范围内,腐蚀产物膜与基体的结合较弱,极易从基体剥落,腐蚀形态均为全面腐蚀.     

Electrochemical corrosion failure mechanism of M152 steel under a salt-spray environment

The corrosion failure mechanism of M152 was studied using the neutral salt-spray test to better understand the corrosion behavior of 1Cr12Ni3Mo2VN (M152), provide a basis for the optimization of material selection, and prevent the occurrence of failure. Moreover, the mechanism was investigated using the mass loss method, polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), stereology microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that M152 steel suffers severe corrosion, especially pitting corrosion, in a high-salt-spray environment. In the early stage of the experiment, the color of the corrosion products was mainly orange. The products then gradually evolved into a dense, brown substance, which coincided with a decrease of corrosion rate. Correspondingly, the EIS spectrum of M152 in the late test also exhibited three time constants and presented Warburg impedance at low frequencies.     

温度对Q235钢在大港土中腐蚀行为和机理的影响

利用极化曲线、线性极化和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究了Q235钢在20～70℃、含水20%的大港土中的腐蚀行为.实验表明:Q235钢的腐蚀电流密度随温度升高而增大,线性极化电阻Rp及电荷转移电阻Rt随温度升高而减小;在阳极极化100～200 mV区间,Q235钢的电极过程受到了一定阻滞,E～lgI曲线在该极化区间内的斜率随温度升高而呈指数衰减;利用腐蚀电流密度和线性极化电阻所计算的Stern公式中的B值要大于活性区均匀腐蚀所对应的B值,在实验温度范围内,其数值基本维持在44.2 mV左右;线性极化电阻Rp是整个电极反应过程的综合体现,在含水20%的大港土中,由于受扩散过程控制,Rp的数值要比电荷转移电阻Rt大得多.