AZ31镁合金氩弧焊接接头组织与力学性能研究

钨极氩弧焊(TIG)为镁合金焊接中最常用的一种焊接方法。本文采用直流钨极氩弧焊对6.0 mm厚AZ31镁合金挤压板材进行了双面焊接实验。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、拉伸试验机考察分析了焊接接头显微组织与力学性能。显微组织分析表明,AZ31镁合金直流TIG焊接头由母材、热影响区、焊缝区组成,焊缝组织呈现焊丝熔化后凝固组织;在母材热影响区与焊缝区之间坡口处形成过渡区,晶粒细小,为母材与焊丝的熔合区。采用AZ31焊丝焊接接头平均抗拉强度为241.0 MPa,延伸率为13.8%,分别达到了母材的86.0%和63.6%。焊接接头的断裂均位于热影响区,断口呈现韧脆混合断裂特征。     

AZ31镁合金板材自动氩弧焊接工艺研究

利用六轴焊接机器人夹持氩弧焊枪进行AZ31镁合金自动氩弧焊接工艺研究,焊后利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和万能试验机等对焊接接头进行微观组织表征及力学性能测试。结果表明,在焊接电流160 A、焊接速度0.45 m/min、填丝速度0.6 m/min、钨极针与板材距离0.5 mm（前半段）和2.0 mm（后半段）以及保护气体流量16 L/min（正面）和21 L/min（背面）的条件下,能得到外观形貌良好、质量可靠的AZ31镁合金焊接接头。焊接接头的金相组织显示,焊缝区微观组织可清晰地分为母材区,热影响区和熔化区。焊接过程在热影响区和熔化区出现了大量的沉淀相,X射线衍射结果表明,该沉淀相为β Mg17Al12沉淀相。拉伸结果显示,焊接接头的抗拉强度达到了母材的81.02%,在断口观察到了大量的解离面和韧窝的存在,呈现出脆性断裂与韧性断裂相结合的混合断裂特征。     

AZ31镁合金薄板的交流钨极氩弧焊

探讨了氩弧焊工艺参数对镁合金焊接接头质量的影响，采用金相显微镜，对AZ31镁合金薄板TIG焊接接头进行了微观组织观察、用X-射线衍射仪等分析测试手段对相组成和力学性能进行了分析，结果发现：焊接电流为40A和45A时，焊接接头的力学性能最好，(σb为205MPa)，为母材强度的80％左右，断裂总是发生在热影响区，焊缝区组织呈细小的等轴晶，主要存在α-Mg和Mg17Al12两种相，热影响区组织较粗大。     

Development of liquid-nitrogen-cooling friction stir spot welding for AZ31 magnesium alloy joints

A liquid-nitrogen-cooling friction stir spot welding (C-FSSW) technology was developed for welding AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets. The liquid-nitrogen cooling degraded the deformability of the welded materials such that the width of interfacial cracks increased with increasing cooling time. The grain size of the stirred zone (SZ) and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the C-FSSW-welded joints decreased, whereas that of the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) increased with increasing cooling time. The maximum tensile shear load of the C-FSSW-welded joints welded with a cooling time of 5 or 7 s was larger than that of the friction stir spot welding (FSSW)-welded joint, and the tensile shear load decreased with increasing cooling time. The microhardness of the C-FSSW-welded joints was greater than that of the FSSW-welded joint. Moreover, the microhardness of the SZ and the HAZ of the C-FSSW-welded joints increased, whereas that of the TMAZ decreased, with increasing cooling time.     

镁合金氩弧焊接头深冷处理及其力学性能

用交流钨极氩弧焊(TIG)对7mm厚AZ31镁合金板材进行了焊接试验;对焊接接头进行了深冷处理试验,深冷处理温度为-160℃,保温时间分别为4、8和12h;对深冷处理前后的AZ31镁合金焊接接头进行了拉伸试验,测试了AZ31镁合金TIG焊接接头的强度;用扫描电镜SEM观测了拉伸试件断口形貌;测试了AZ31镁合金TIG焊接接头的硬度分布。试验结果表明,在深冷处理温度为-160℃、保温时间为8h的情况下,深冷处理后镁合金焊接接头的各项力学性能均达到了最佳状态。     

工业态AZ31B镁合金薄板的拉伸性能与组织变化

对厚度为0.8 mm的工业态AZ31B镁合金薄板在室温至400℃条件下进行了轴向拉伸实验,研究了变形过程中的组织与性能变化.结果表明,室温至100℃变形时,显微组织中出现少量孪晶;而200℃及以上变形时发生了动态再结晶.室温下AZ31B镬合全薄板具有较高的强度和较好的塑性;随着变形温度的升高,塑性增加,并呈现出低温超塑性或高应变速率超塑性特征.     

焊接电流对镁/镀锌钢 TIG熔--钎焊接头显微组织与力学性能的影响

采用TIG熔-钎焊焊接方法,以镁合金焊丝为填充材料,对镁合金与镀锌钢进行连接实验,并分析热输入量对接头显微组织和力学性能的影响.热输入量过小会阻碍镁/钢界面反应层的形成而使得焊缝难以焊合,热输入量过大又会促进焊缝内部脆性第二相的长大,降低接头力学性能.接头强度随着焊接电流和焊接速度的增大都呈现先上升后下降的趋势,电流为70 A时强度达到最大,该值接近AZ31B母材的88．7%.此时断裂发生于焊缝熔焊区,断面出现大量韧窝和撕裂棱,呈现出塑性断裂特征.     

铸造1060/AZ31包铝镁合金界面结构与显微组织

为探索和改善轧制包铝镁合金板的界面结合状况,用气体保护铸造法制备了1060铝板包覆AZ31镁合金铸锭．借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜以及X射线衍射等分析方法,研究了复合铸锭芯材及界面的显微组织和相结构,并进行了硬度测试．发现AZ31镁合金芯材组织由α-Mg基体以及沿晶界分布的不连续网状α-Mg＋p＋Mg17A112共晶体组成,是一种典型的铸造离异共晶组织．铸造包铝镁合金锭界面形成扩散溶解层,扩散溶解层由α-Mg固溶体层、共晶层（α-Mg＋β＋Mg17A112）、β-Mg17A112及A1Mg化合物层组成,形成具有多层结构的冶金结合界面．提出了浇注AZ31熔体的瞬间在1060铝板表面形成“熔池”并快速凝固的界面形成机制．     

Failure analysis of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets based on the extended GTN damage model

Based on the Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) model and Hill’s quadratic anisotropic yield criterion, a combined experimental-numerical study on fracture initiation in the process of thermal stamping of Mg alloy AZ31 sheets was carried out. The aim is to predict the formability of thermal stamping of the Mg alloy sheets at different temperatures. The presented theoretical framework was implemented into a VUMAT subroutine for ABAQUS/EXPLICIT. Internal damage evolution due to void growth and coalescence developed at different temperatures in the Mg alloy sheets was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, the thermal effects on the void growth, coalescence, and fracture behavior of the Mg alloy sheets were analyzed by the extended GTN model and forming limit diagrams (FLD). Parameters employed in the GTN model were determined from tensile tests and numerical iterative computation. The distribution of major and minor principal strains in the specimens was determined from the numerical results. Therefore, the corresponding forming limit diagrams at different stress levels and temperatures were drawn. The comparison between the predicted forming limits and the experimental data shows a good agreement.     

Semisolid die forging process,microstructures and properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy mobile telephone shells

A semisolid slurry of AZ31 magnesium alloy was prepared by vibrating wavelike sloping plate process,and the semisolid die forging process,microstructures,and properties of the magnesium alloy mobile telephone shell were investigated.The semisolid forging process was performed on a YA32-315 four-column universal hydraulic press.The microstructures were observed by optical microscopy,the hardness was analyzed with a model 450SVD Vickers hardometer,the mechanical properties was measured with a CMT5105 tensile test machine,and the fractograph of elongated specimens was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The results reveal that with the increase of die forging force,the microstructures of the product become fine and dense.A lower preheating temperature and a longer dwell time are favorable to the formation of fine and dense microstructures.The optimum process conditions of preparing mobile telephone shells with excellent surface quality and microstructures are a die forging force of 2000 kN,a die preheating temperature of 250℃,and a dwell time of 240 s.After solution treatment at 430℃ and aging at 220℃ for 8 h,the Vickers hardness is 61.7 and the ultimate tensile strength of the product is 193MPa.Tensile fractographs show the mixing mechanisms of quasi-cleavage fracture and ductile fracture.     

TIG焊工艺对5083铝合金焊接接头力学性能的影响

5083铝合金焊接接头的力学性能是影响产品质量的关键因素之一.设定不同TIG焊工艺,用6012铝合金焊丝对10 mm厚的5083铝合金板进行焊接.焊接试样分为四组,在氩气流量、层间温度相同的情况下,四组试样分别采用五层不同焊接电流、焊速、不填丝自熔或加硼方式的焊接工艺.通过对四组试样进行拉伸实验、断口形貌观察,结合金相组织分析,探究TIG焊工艺对5083铝合金焊接接头力学性能的影响.结果表明：中厚板5083铝合金TIG焊接,采用6012铝合金焊丝,层间温度控制在80 ℃,第五道焊道采用不填丝自熔时,焊接接头的综合力学性能最好.     

微机控制多功能 TIG 焊机的研制

在模拟控制和微机控制技术研究的基础上，开展了８０９８单片机控制ＴＩＧ焊机的研制工作．介绍了这种焊机的组成和工作原理．研究结果表明：所研制的焊机可以满足直流ＴＩＧ焊和手工电弧焊两种方法的焊接要求，是一种新型多功能焊机     

Improving the corrosion properties of magnesium AZ31 alloy GTA weld metal using microarc oxidation process

In this work, the morphology, phase composition, and corrosion properties of microarc oxidized (MAO) gas tungsten arc (GTA) weldments of AZ31 alloy were investigated. Autogenous gas tungsten arc welds were made as full penetration bead-on-plate welding under the alternating-current mode. A uniform oxide layer was developed on the surface of the specimens with MAO treatment in silicate-based alkaline electrolytes for different oxidation times. The corrosion behavior of the samples was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The oxide film improved the corrosion resistance substantially compared to the uncoated specimens. The sample coated for 10 min exhibited better corrosion properties. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was concluded to strongly depend on the morphology, whereas the phase composition and thickness were concluded to only slightly affect the corrosion resistance.     

喷射沉积AZ31镁合金微观组织与力学性能

采用喷射沉积方法制备了AZ31镁合金沉积柱坯,利用热轧作为后续加工,研究了镁合金的组织变化及材料的性能.实验结果表明:沉积态合金组织均匀,晶粒细小(平均晶粒尺寸约为20μm);热轧变形的致密化过程、动态再结晶以及退火再结晶使合金具有良好的组织结构和力学性能;轧制态试样断口呈现为脆性解理断裂方式,退火态试样断口则表现为脆性和韧性断裂混合机制.     

铈对AZ31镁合金铸态组织的影响

研究了Ce对AZ31镁合金铸态组织的影响.研究结果表明:添加0.5～1.5 wt%Ce到AZ31镁合金中不但不能细化舍金的晶粒,反而使合金的晶粒变得粗大,并且粗化趋势受Ce加入量的影响较大.当添加0.5 wt%Ce到AZ31镁合金中后,合金的平均晶粒尺寸从最初的60靘增大到164靘.此后,随着Ce加入量从0.5 wt%增加到1.5 wt%,合金的平均晶粒尺寸又开始逐渐减小,但仍大于未添加Ce合金的平均晶粒尺寸.     

AZ31镁合金微区电偶腐蚀的数值研究

结合水平集函数方法及移动网格技术,利用有限元法模拟分析了离散型β相分布和连续型β相分布的AZ31镁合金在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,通过解Nernst-Planck方程得到腐蚀过程中AZ31镁合金/NaCl界面的电势、氯离子及镁离子浓度分布,并通过扫描离子选择性电极实验验证了此模拟方法的可行性.模拟分析表明,当β相离散分布在α相周边时,在与β相相邻的α相区域腐蚀速率最快,形成腐蚀缩颈坑,坑内氯离子富集,进一步加速了α相的腐蚀,最终β相逐渐脱离合金进入溶液;当β相连续分布在α相周边时,α相不断被腐蚀,最终α相全部溶解而只剩β相,求解随即停止.扫描离子选择性电极实验结果表明此模拟模型可以对镁合金的电化学腐蚀进行较好预测和判断.     

微弧氧化处理提高AZ31B镁合金搅拌摩擦焊焊缝的耐蚀性

为提高镁合金焊接接头的耐蚀性,对6mm厚的AZ31B板材搅拌摩擦焊焊缝进行微弧氧化处理,并研究焊缝的微观组织、截面显微硬度及其微弧氧化前后的耐蚀性.结果表明:接头的微观组织明显分为3个区域:焊核区、热机械影响区及热影响区,并且接头整体硬度低于母材,焊接时焊核部位出现软化现象,导致其硬度最低.盐水浸泡实验和电化学测试表明,微弧氧化前焊缝的耐蚀性低于母材,经过微弧氧化处理后,焊缝表面形成一层致密光滑的陶瓷膜,极大提高其耐蚀性.并且,经同工艺微弧氧化处理后,焊缝表面微弧氧化膜要比母材的微弧氧化膜厚.     

异步轧制AZ31镁合金板材组织

对不同总变形量、道次压下量、轧制温度以及轧制路径等工艺条件下所制备的AZ31镁合金板材的组织进行研究。研究结果表明：异步轧制有利于板材的晶粒细化,其晶粒粒度约为8．9μm,明显小于常规轧制板材的13．2μm;当总变形量由40％增大到80％时,晶粒粒度从40μm左右减小到30μm左右,出现了较多的孪晶;当道次压下量由5％增加到20％时,晶粒粒度从40μm左右减小到10～20μm,孪晶数量也随之减少;当温度由350℃升高到400℃时,晶粒粒度由20μm左右下降到10μm,且大部分晶粒为等轴晶;轧制路径的改变,使板材中的显微组织和孪晶数量产生改变,C路径中的晶粒细小,粒度约为10μm,D路径中的孪晶数量最少。     

AZ310.5Sr1.5Y热变形行为分析

采用Gleeble-1500D型热模拟试验机,在变形温度为250~450 ℃,应变速率为0.01~1 s-1,最大应变量为0.85的条件下,对AZ31-0.5Sr-1.5Y进行单向热压缩实验。对材料的热变形行为和热加工性能进行了研究,建立了合金热变形过程中的本构方程和热加工图,并结合金相显微组织观察对加工图进行了分析。结果表明：AZ31-0.5Sr-1.5Y在热变形过程中的稳态流变应力可用双曲正弦函数关系式进行描述,其应变激活能为186.83 kJ/mol,热加工图分析表明,在本实验条件下,当真应变为0.6时,材料存在着非稳态流变区,其温度为250 ~300 ℃,应变速率为0.3~1 s -1,材料的最佳热加工工艺参数为：温度300~400 ℃,变形速率0.01 ~1 s -1。     

双向挤压后AZ31镁合金的微观组织与性能

采用了100T挤压机对AZ31镁合金在不同温度不同挤压比下双向挤压成型。结果表明,挤压比为4.5时,显著地细化镁合金晶粒,晶粒尺寸可由铸态的400μm减小到挤压态的6μm;挤压比为10.125时,晶粒尺寸可以减小到3μm;变形材料的硬度、伸长率、压缩率和屈服强度值有了很大程度的提高,随着挤压温度的升高,硬度、压缩率、伸长率和屈服强度值呈降低趋势(250℃除外)。